http://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Fred&feedformat=atomCCoWS Wiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T21:26:09ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.22.2http://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Range_of_the_Condor_National_Heritage_AreaRange of the Condor National Heritage Area2021-03-29T02:51:11Z<p>Fred: /* Operational function */</p>
<hr />
<div>A [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|organizational summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The [[Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]] (RCNHA) is a proposed new [[National Heritage Area (NHA)]] spanning an [[Maps of the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|area]] defined by the current range of the [[California Condor]].<br />
<br />
This NHA designation would facilitate collaboration between [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|stakeholders (including government agencies and non-governmental organizations)]] for preservation, maintenance, project planning, and other land management duties throughout the area. NHAs also receive advising from the [[National Park Service (NPS)]] on technical and planning issues, as well as limited financial assistance.<br />
<br />
== Vision ==<br />
<br />
The vision for the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area includes all the traditional benefits [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)|NHAs]] confer to a region, in addition to novel assets at this particular area, including:<br />
<br />
* Preservation of habitat, especially for animals significant to the area's heritage like [[California Condor|California Condors]]. <br />
<br />
* Continuity between the Range of the Condor NHA and adjacent protected lands and coastal waters, offering exciting opportunities for research and recreation across uninterrupted wildlands, from the mountains to the sea. <br />
<br />
* Increased public access to land via new and improved trails, educational programs, and more.<br />
<br />
* Bolstered economic activity and jobs, including eco-tourism and new project development, throughout the region. <br />
<br />
* Public education on wildfires, fostering a new public attitude towards fires and fire management.<br />
<br />
* Completion of [[The Condor Trail]], which could be an iconic feature of the NHA and the State of California.<br />
<br />
* Construction of a 'University Trail' running between state universities in Monterey Bay and San Luis Obispo.<br />
<br />
== Management ==<br />
<br />
NHAs across the country differ in their operational structure. The [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]] designation by Congress doesn't dictate a specific organizational hierarchy; only the oversight role of the [[National Park Service]]. Thus, new NHAs can look to existing ones for organizational blueprints, in addition to developing their own system that works locally. Some components of NHAs relevant to the Range of the Condor NHA are listed within the [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas|comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]. A range of goals and missions of all existing NHAs can be found in the [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)|missions, planning, and administration]] section.<br />
<br />
=== Local Coordinating Entities ===<br />
<br />
NHAs are managed by Local Coordinating Entities (LCEs). The LCE can be a [[Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other Non-Profit Organizations in California's Central Coast Region|non-profit organization]] or a non-federal governmental organization. LCE responsibilities include creating the NHA management plan, finding external funding, and overseeing cooperation between partner organizations.<br />
<br />
'''Examples of responsibilities of LCEs managing a NHA'''<ref> [https://www.visittucson.org/visit/about/santa-cruz-valley-national-heritage-area Santa Cruz Valley National Heritage Area [Cited March 2021]] </ref><br />
*Promoting heritage-based tourism within the area<br />
*Developing educational programs based on the historical context of the region <br />
*Restoration and conservation of the Heritage area<br />
*Rehabilitating historic buildings <br />
<br />
==== The Non-Profit LCE option ====<br />
<br />
Most NHAs are managed by non-profit organizations acting as the LCE (see [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]). Examples include:<br />
<br />
* [[Kenai Mountains-Turnagain Arm National Heritage Area|Kenai Mountains-Turnagain Arm NHA]] managed by the [[Kenai Turnagain Arm Communities Association]]<br />
* [[Mountains to Sound Greenway National Heritage Area|Mountains to Sound Greenway NHA]] managed by the [[The Mountains to Sound Greenway Trust]]<br />
* [[Blue Ridge National Heritage Area]] managed by the [[ Blue Ridge National Heritage Area Partnership]]<br />
<br />
If the RCNHA is to be managed by a non-governmental organization, then this role could be played by the existing [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]] or by a new non-profit established specifically to function as the LCE for the RCNHA.<br />
<br />
==== Governmental LCE ====<br />
<br />
Some NHAs are managed by non-federal government organizations acting as the LCE (see [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]). Examples include:<br />
<br />
* [[Mississippi Gulf National Heritage Area|Mississippi Gulf NHA]] managed by [[Mississippi Department of Marine Resources]]<br />
* [[Muscle Shoals National Heritage Area|Muscle Shoals NHA]] managed by the [[University of Alabama]]<br />
* [[Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta National Heritage Area|Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta NHA]] managed by the [[State of California Delta Protection Commission]]<br />
<br />
Note that [[Annotated List of Federal Agencies with Resource Management Responsibilities in California's Central Coast Region|federal organizations]] do not act as LCEs because this is contrary to the intent of having a '''Local''' Coordinating Entity.<br />
<br />
If the RCNHA is be managed by a government organization, then logical choices for the LCE might be [[CDFW]] or [[State Parks]]. [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife|CDFW]] is responsible for managing numerous [[Special Status Species in the Central Coast Region]]. CDFW is also the agency that works with the [[U.S Army]] to manage hunting and fishing on Army bases, such as [[Fort Hunter Liggett]].<br />
<br />
=== Partnerships ===<br />
<br />
NHA creation generally requires cooperation between multiple agencies, which may be established through a [[JPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region|Memorandum of Understanding, Memorandum of Agreement, or a Joint Powers Agreement]]. These agreements would be between the [[NPS]], the LCE, and any other partner organizations. <br />
MOU agreements have been used to create other [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]]s in the United States, such as the [[Mormon Pioneer National Heritage Area|Mormon Pioneer NHA]] and the [[Great Basin National Heritage Area|Great Basin NHA]] <ref> [https://www-jstor-org.csumb.idm.oclc.org/stable/10.5406/utahhistquar.88.2.0129?seq=1 From Skepticism to Support: National Heritage Areas in the West [Cited March 2021]] </ref>.<br />
<br />
JPAs are [[JPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region|widely used]] for various purposes in the [[California Central Coast Region]].<br />
<br />
== Operational function ==<br />
<br />
The operational function of the RCNHA could involve:<br />
<br />
* Implementation of the NHA management plan<br />
* Regular meetings among partners<br />
* Public outreach and promotion of the NHA vision<br />
* Procurement of external funding<br />
* Restoration and preservation of habitat<br />
* Planning for increase public access to public land<br />
* Construction of facilities such as trail heads and trails such as the [[The Condor Trail|Condor Trail]]<br />
* Hosting conferences, workshops, & seminars on condors, land management, wildfire etc.<br />
* Facilitation of research<br />
<br />
== Leadership ==<br />
<br />
The Range of the Condor National Heritage Area is proposed by the [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]] and former Congressman Sam Farr.<br />
<br />
== Key Partners ==<br />
[[File:NHAProposal.png|200px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br />
[[File:ExpansionWithSanctuaries.jpg|300px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
There are many organizations that manage land and wildlife within the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area. These organizations and their potential roles are summarized below, with [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area | further details tabulated in a separate page]].<br />
<br />
; [[National Park Service (NPS)]]: The [[National Park Service (NPS)|NPS]] manages approximately 513,150 acres of land within the proposed area for the Range of the Condor NHA. Parks within this area include [[Pinnacles National Park]], [[Channel Islands National Park]], [[Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI)]], [[Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area]], and [[César E. Chávez National Monument]]. The [[National Park Service (NPS)|NPS]] is also the federal agency in charge of general [[National Heritage Areas|National Heritage Area]] oversight, assisting in funding and helping with cohesive management within the local communities. <br />
<br />
; [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) | Bureau of Land Management (BLM)]]: The [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM)| BLM]] manages over 85,000 acres of habitat conservation areas and other public lands in the [[California's Central Coast Region]], including [[Fort Ord National Monument (FONM)]], [[California Coastal National Monument (CCNM)]], [[Carrizo Plain National Monument]], and [[Clear Creek Management Area (CCMA)]]. The National Monuments and Special Management Areas are located in geographically important habitats for the historic range of the California Condor and as a result, would be valuable corridors within the Range of the Condor NHA. <br />
<br />
; [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)]]: Since 1992, [[USFWS]] has operated the [[California Condor Recovery Program]], which breeds and reintroduces California Condors to the wild. The [[USFWS]] also manages designated critical habitat for the [[California Tiger Salamander in California's Central Coast Region|California Tiger Salamander]], and the Pacific Southwest Region office previously worked with state agencies to create a species recovery plan that started in 2017. The [[USFWS]] also manages the [[National Wildlife Refuge System]], which consists of a total of 26,303 acres out of the seven wildlife refuges in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area. Due to its involvement in the [[California Condor Recovery Program]], and its role in [[Central Coast]] conservation and management, the [[USFWS]] would be a strong partner for the Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[United States Forest Service (USFS)]]: The [[USFS]] manages 4,222,701 acres of National Forest land that are partially located in the proposed area for the Range of the Condor NHA. These forests include [[Los Padres National Forest (LPNF)]], [[Angeles National Forest]], [[San Bernardino National Forest]], and [[Sequoia National Forest]]. The [[USFS]]'s mission is to maintain and improve the health, diversity, and productivity of the nation’s forests and grasslands, and focuses on managing vegetation, restoring ecosystems, reducing hazards, and maintaining forest health <ref>[https://www.fs.fed.us/forestmanagement/ U.S Forest Service [Cited March 2021]]</ref>. As of 2014, 103 California Condors were surveyed in [[Los Padres National Forest (LPNF)|LPNF]] <ref> [https://lpfw.org/our-region/wildlife/california-condor/ Los Padres Forest Watch [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Additionally, within the southern region of [[LPNF]] lies the [[Sespe Condor Sanctuary]] which provides critical protected habitat for the [[California Condor]], making the [[USFS]] an ideal partner for the Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[United States Army lands and activities in California's Central Coast Region | United States Army]]: The Department of Defense's Army Department owns and manages over 223,200 acres of land in the [[California Central Coast Region]] that would potentially fall within the Range of the Condor NHA. This land is primarily used for the training and education of members of the U.S. Army. The Department of Defense and the [[The Conservation Fund]] have partnered to prevent residential encroachment near military boundaries, create buffer projects to preserve habitat, provide supportive education, and assist with regional planning. The [[United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)]] is also the leading federal agency pursuing civil works projects ranging from flood control to ecosystem restoration and has a significant reach and impact on the nation's natural resources and aquatic ecosystems. It oversees thousands of civil works projects and the Clean Water Act 404 Regulatory Program <ref> [https://www.conservationfund.org/our-work/conservation-fund-partnerships/federal-conservation-partnerships/u-s-department-of-defense U.S. Department of Defense. The Conservation Fund. [Cited March 2021]]</ref>. [[United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)| USACE]] may be an organizational partner in coordinating the management of the NHA with the U.S. Army and other agencies. <br />
<br />
; [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]]: [[NOAA]] manages over 7,500 square miles of coastal ocean along the [[California Central Coast]] within the [[Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary]] and [[Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary]]. These marine sanctuaries exemplify the strong connection between California's [[Central Coast]] region and protection of the natural environment, and they generate large amounts of tourism and recreational revenue by drawing interest to the beauty of this region. [[NOAA]] conducts large-scale research and monitoring programs along the coast, and collaborates with many [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|local research institutions and organizations]] to promote environmental stewardship and future resiliency. The NOAA [[National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)]] also manages commercial and recreational fisheries within the [[Central Coast]] region and is responsible for issuing permits related to the [[Endangered Species Act]]. [[NMFS]] coordinates with [[Regional Fishery Management Councils]] and other local partners, funds fisheries research, and provides jobs to many coastal-dependent communities. California Condors rely on healthy coastal ecosystems to provide the carrion of marine mammals such as whales and sea lions that wash up on the beaches of the [[Central Coast Region]].<ref>https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/California_Condor/lifehistory</ref><br />
<br />
; [[Native Americans in California's Central Coast Region|Native American Tribes]]: The [[California Condor]] has been an important symbol for Native Americans that represents the wilderness heritage of the [[Central Coast Region]]. It has been regarded as the "most impressive and majestic flying bird in North America," and has captured the attention of Native peoples throughout its history <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. The proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area would span at least a dozen different pre-contact tribal lands, <ref> [https://aimfireriversideca.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/calprecontact.gif California Tribal Communities [Cited March 2021]] </ref> and would encompass several [[Lands_that_could_potentially_be_encompassed_by_the_Range_of_the_Condor_National_Heritage_Area#Tribal_land|current reservations and rancherias]]<ref> [https://www3.epa.gov/region9/air/maps/ca_tribe.html California Tribal Lands [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Archaeologists have found evidence to suggest the use of California Condors during rituals of early peoples in California, and other ceremonies included dancers wearing capes of condor skins and feathers <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Some Native peoples believed condors could "infuse" them with special powers. For example, because of the condor's extraordinary eyesight, some tribes within the [[California Central Coast Region]] believed wearing cloaks of condor feathers would grant them powers to find lost valuables and people <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. In 2018, the [[Esselen Tribe of Monterey County]] received a grant from the [[California Natural Resources Agency]] that allowed them to reclaim a 1,199-acre ranch along the northern slopes of the Little Sur River. This sacred land will be used by tribal members for traditional ceremonies, native plant gatherings, and the repatriation of tribal members. The Esselen Tribe's partnership with the [[Western Rivers Conservancy]] to conserve the native plants and wildlife of the land represents an important natural and cultural conservation success in the [[Central Coast Region]] <ref> [https://www.esselentribe.org/our-land Esselen Tribal Lands Conservation Project [Cited March 2021]] </ref>.<br />
<br />
; [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)]]: The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] manages over 69,000 acres of land in the [[California Central Coast Region]] that would be encompassed by the Range of the Condor NHA. These areas include the [[Big Sandy Ecological Reserve]], the [[Carrizo Plains Ecological Reserve]], and the [[Semitropic Ecological Preserve]]. The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] also manages wildlife on [[U.S. Army]] properties including [[Fort Hunter Liggett]] where hunters and fisherman can purchase an annual permit for $125 to access the property (as of 2021), any harvested animals have a tooth and hair samples taken for age and other biological analysis. There is also a region-wide reporting program in place to report sick or injured animals to the [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]]. Through this program, they are able to keep biological health records of specific animal populations in the area and can track disease spread. This kind of watch program is essential when assisting in the re-establishment of a species population, such as the [[California Condor]]. This partnership with wildlife management on the [[U.S. Army]] lands allows the [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] to have a broader scope of collaboration with varying agencies within the proposed Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other Non-Profit Organizations in California's Central Coast Region|Non-profit organizations]]: <br />
*[[Los Padres Forest Association]]<br />
*[[Ventana Wildlife Society]]<br />
*[[Ventana Wilderness Alliance]]<br />
*[[Condor Trail Association (CTA)|Condor Trail Association]]<br />
<br />
; [[Private Landowners with Conservation Easements]]: Private landowners who seek to partner with the NHA can place a conservation easement on their property and could waive the right to develop or mine their land. Landowner partners would retain the ownership and use of their land. <ref>[https://www.condorrange.org/about.html Range of the Condor - About] </ref> In [[California's Central Coast Region | California's Central Coast region]], a notable example of this form of partnership is the Hearst Ranch Conservation Easement in an agreement with the State of California. <ref>http://www.hearstranch.com/conservation/ Hearst Ranch] </ref><br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
<br />
* [[California Condor]]<br />
* [[Ventana Wildlife Society]]<br />
* [[Maps relating to the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]]<br />
* [[Lands that could potentially be designated for inclusion in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Designated wilderness areas in Calfornia's Central Coast Region]]<br />
* [[Wild and Scenic Rivers in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Range_of_the_Condor_National_Heritage_AreaRange of the Condor National Heritage Area2021-03-29T02:50:30Z<p>Fred: /* Partnerships */</p>
<hr />
<div>A [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|organizational summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The [[Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]] (RCNHA) is a proposed new [[National Heritage Area (NHA)]] spanning an [[Maps of the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|area]] defined by the current range of the [[California Condor]].<br />
<br />
This NHA designation would facilitate collaboration between [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|stakeholders (including government agencies and non-governmental organizations)]] for preservation, maintenance, project planning, and other land management duties throughout the area. NHAs also receive advising from the [[National Park Service (NPS)]] on technical and planning issues, as well as limited financial assistance.<br />
<br />
== Vision ==<br />
<br />
The vision for the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area includes all the traditional benefits [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)|NHAs]] confer to a region, in addition to novel assets at this particular area, including:<br />
<br />
* Preservation of habitat, especially for animals significant to the area's heritage like [[California Condor|California Condors]]. <br />
<br />
* Continuity between the Range of the Condor NHA and adjacent protected lands and coastal waters, offering exciting opportunities for research and recreation across uninterrupted wildlands, from the mountains to the sea. <br />
<br />
* Increased public access to land via new and improved trails, educational programs, and more.<br />
<br />
* Bolstered economic activity and jobs, including eco-tourism and new project development, throughout the region. <br />
<br />
* Public education on wildfires, fostering a new public attitude towards fires and fire management.<br />
<br />
* Completion of [[The Condor Trail]], which could be an iconic feature of the NHA and the State of California.<br />
<br />
* Construction of a 'University Trail' running between state universities in Monterey Bay and San Luis Obispo.<br />
<br />
== Management ==<br />
<br />
NHAs across the country differ in their operational structure. The [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]] designation by Congress doesn't dictate a specific organizational hierarchy; only the oversight role of the [[National Park Service]]. Thus, new NHAs can look to existing ones for organizational blueprints, in addition to developing their own system that works locally. Some components of NHAs relevant to the Range of the Condor NHA are listed within the [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas|comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]. A range of goals and missions of all existing NHAs can be found in the [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)|missions, planning, and administration]] section.<br />
<br />
=== Local Coordinating Entities ===<br />
<br />
NHAs are managed by Local Coordinating Entities (LCEs). The LCE can be a [[Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other Non-Profit Organizations in California's Central Coast Region|non-profit organization]] or a non-federal governmental organization. LCE responsibilities include creating the NHA management plan, finding external funding, and overseeing cooperation between partner organizations.<br />
<br />
'''Examples of responsibilities of LCEs managing a NHA'''<ref> [https://www.visittucson.org/visit/about/santa-cruz-valley-national-heritage-area Santa Cruz Valley National Heritage Area [Cited March 2021]] </ref><br />
*Promoting heritage-based tourism within the area<br />
*Developing educational programs based on the historical context of the region <br />
*Restoration and conservation of the Heritage area<br />
*Rehabilitating historic buildings <br />
<br />
==== The Non-Profit LCE option ====<br />
<br />
Most NHAs are managed by non-profit organizations acting as the LCE (see [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]). Examples include:<br />
<br />
* [[Kenai Mountains-Turnagain Arm National Heritage Area|Kenai Mountains-Turnagain Arm NHA]] managed by the [[Kenai Turnagain Arm Communities Association]]<br />
* [[Mountains to Sound Greenway National Heritage Area|Mountains to Sound Greenway NHA]] managed by the [[The Mountains to Sound Greenway Trust]]<br />
* [[Blue Ridge National Heritage Area]] managed by the [[ Blue Ridge National Heritage Area Partnership]]<br />
<br />
If the RCNHA is to be managed by a non-governmental organization, then this role could be played by the existing [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]] or by a new non-profit established specifically to function as the LCE for the RCNHA.<br />
<br />
==== Governmental LCE ====<br />
<br />
Some NHAs are managed by non-federal government organizations acting as the LCE (see [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]). Examples include:<br />
<br />
* [[Mississippi Gulf National Heritage Area|Mississippi Gulf NHA]] managed by [[Mississippi Department of Marine Resources]]<br />
* [[Muscle Shoals National Heritage Area|Muscle Shoals NHA]] managed by the [[University of Alabama]]<br />
* [[Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta National Heritage Area|Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta NHA]] managed by the [[State of California Delta Protection Commission]]<br />
<br />
Note that [[Annotated List of Federal Agencies with Resource Management Responsibilities in California's Central Coast Region|federal organizations]] do not act as LCEs because this is contrary to the intent of having a '''Local''' Coordinating Entity.<br />
<br />
If the RCNHA is be managed by a government organization, then logical choices for the LCE might be [[CDFW]] or [[State Parks]]. [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife|CDFW]] is responsible for managing numerous [[Special Status Species in the Central Coast Region]]. CDFW is also the agency that works with the [[U.S Army]] to manage hunting and fishing on Army bases, such as [[Fort Hunter Liggett]].<br />
<br />
=== Partnerships ===<br />
<br />
NHA creation generally requires cooperation between multiple agencies, which may be established through a [[JPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region|Memorandum of Understanding, Memorandum of Agreement, or a Joint Powers Agreement]]. These agreements would be between the [[NPS]], the LCE, and any other partner organizations. <br />
MOU agreements have been used to create other [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]]s in the United States, such as the [[Mormon Pioneer National Heritage Area|Mormon Pioneer NHA]] and the [[Great Basin National Heritage Area|Great Basin NHA]] <ref> [https://www-jstor-org.csumb.idm.oclc.org/stable/10.5406/utahhistquar.88.2.0129?seq=1 From Skepticism to Support: National Heritage Areas in the West [Cited March 2021]] </ref>.<br />
<br />
JPAs are [[JPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region|widely used]] for various purposes in the [[California Central Coast Region]].<br />
<br />
== Operational function ==<br />
<br />
The operational function of the RCNHA could involve:<br />
<br />
* Implementation of the NHA management plan<br />
* Regular meetings among partners<br />
* Public outreach and promotion of the NHA vision<br />
* Procurement of external funding<br />
* Restoration and preservation of habitat<br />
* Planning for increase public access to public land<br />
* Construction of facilities such as trail heads and trails such as the [[Condor Trail]]<br />
* Hosting conferences, workshops, & seminars on condors, land management, wildfire etc.<br />
* Facilitation of research<br />
<br />
== Leadership ==<br />
<br />
The Range of the Condor National Heritage Area is proposed by the [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]] and former Congressman Sam Farr.<br />
<br />
== Key Partners ==<br />
[[File:NHAProposal.png|200px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br />
[[File:ExpansionWithSanctuaries.jpg|300px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
There are many organizations that manage land and wildlife within the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area. These organizations and their potential roles are summarized below, with [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area | further details tabulated in a separate page]].<br />
<br />
; [[National Park Service (NPS)]]: The [[National Park Service (NPS)|NPS]] manages approximately 513,150 acres of land within the proposed area for the Range of the Condor NHA. Parks within this area include [[Pinnacles National Park]], [[Channel Islands National Park]], [[Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI)]], [[Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area]], and [[César E. Chávez National Monument]]. The [[National Park Service (NPS)|NPS]] is also the federal agency in charge of general [[National Heritage Areas|National Heritage Area]] oversight, assisting in funding and helping with cohesive management within the local communities. <br />
<br />
; [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) | Bureau of Land Management (BLM)]]: The [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM)| BLM]] manages over 85,000 acres of habitat conservation areas and other public lands in the [[California's Central Coast Region]], including [[Fort Ord National Monument (FONM)]], [[California Coastal National Monument (CCNM)]], [[Carrizo Plain National Monument]], and [[Clear Creek Management Area (CCMA)]]. The National Monuments and Special Management Areas are located in geographically important habitats for the historic range of the California Condor and as a result, would be valuable corridors within the Range of the Condor NHA. <br />
<br />
; [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)]]: Since 1992, [[USFWS]] has operated the [[California Condor Recovery Program]], which breeds and reintroduces California Condors to the wild. The [[USFWS]] also manages designated critical habitat for the [[California Tiger Salamander in California's Central Coast Region|California Tiger Salamander]], and the Pacific Southwest Region office previously worked with state agencies to create a species recovery plan that started in 2017. The [[USFWS]] also manages the [[National Wildlife Refuge System]], which consists of a total of 26,303 acres out of the seven wildlife refuges in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area. Due to its involvement in the [[California Condor Recovery Program]], and its role in [[Central Coast]] conservation and management, the [[USFWS]] would be a strong partner for the Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[United States Forest Service (USFS)]]: The [[USFS]] manages 4,222,701 acres of National Forest land that are partially located in the proposed area for the Range of the Condor NHA. These forests include [[Los Padres National Forest (LPNF)]], [[Angeles National Forest]], [[San Bernardino National Forest]], and [[Sequoia National Forest]]. The [[USFS]]'s mission is to maintain and improve the health, diversity, and productivity of the nation’s forests and grasslands, and focuses on managing vegetation, restoring ecosystems, reducing hazards, and maintaining forest health <ref>[https://www.fs.fed.us/forestmanagement/ U.S Forest Service [Cited March 2021]]</ref>. As of 2014, 103 California Condors were surveyed in [[Los Padres National Forest (LPNF)|LPNF]] <ref> [https://lpfw.org/our-region/wildlife/california-condor/ Los Padres Forest Watch [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Additionally, within the southern region of [[LPNF]] lies the [[Sespe Condor Sanctuary]] which provides critical protected habitat for the [[California Condor]], making the [[USFS]] an ideal partner for the Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[United States Army lands and activities in California's Central Coast Region | United States Army]]: The Department of Defense's Army Department owns and manages over 223,200 acres of land in the [[California Central Coast Region]] that would potentially fall within the Range of the Condor NHA. This land is primarily used for the training and education of members of the U.S. Army. The Department of Defense and the [[The Conservation Fund]] have partnered to prevent residential encroachment near military boundaries, create buffer projects to preserve habitat, provide supportive education, and assist with regional planning. The [[United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)]] is also the leading federal agency pursuing civil works projects ranging from flood control to ecosystem restoration and has a significant reach and impact on the nation's natural resources and aquatic ecosystems. It oversees thousands of civil works projects and the Clean Water Act 404 Regulatory Program <ref> [https://www.conservationfund.org/our-work/conservation-fund-partnerships/federal-conservation-partnerships/u-s-department-of-defense U.S. Department of Defense. The Conservation Fund. [Cited March 2021]]</ref>. [[United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)| USACE]] may be an organizational partner in coordinating the management of the NHA with the U.S. Army and other agencies. <br />
<br />
; [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]]: [[NOAA]] manages over 7,500 square miles of coastal ocean along the [[California Central Coast]] within the [[Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary]] and [[Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary]]. These marine sanctuaries exemplify the strong connection between California's [[Central Coast]] region and protection of the natural environment, and they generate large amounts of tourism and recreational revenue by drawing interest to the beauty of this region. [[NOAA]] conducts large-scale research and monitoring programs along the coast, and collaborates with many [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|local research institutions and organizations]] to promote environmental stewardship and future resiliency. The NOAA [[National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)]] also manages commercial and recreational fisheries within the [[Central Coast]] region and is responsible for issuing permits related to the [[Endangered Species Act]]. [[NMFS]] coordinates with [[Regional Fishery Management Councils]] and other local partners, funds fisheries research, and provides jobs to many coastal-dependent communities. California Condors rely on healthy coastal ecosystems to provide the carrion of marine mammals such as whales and sea lions that wash up on the beaches of the [[Central Coast Region]].<ref>https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/California_Condor/lifehistory</ref><br />
<br />
; [[Native Americans in California's Central Coast Region|Native American Tribes]]: The [[California Condor]] has been an important symbol for Native Americans that represents the wilderness heritage of the [[Central Coast Region]]. It has been regarded as the "most impressive and majestic flying bird in North America," and has captured the attention of Native peoples throughout its history <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. The proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area would span at least a dozen different pre-contact tribal lands, <ref> [https://aimfireriversideca.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/calprecontact.gif California Tribal Communities [Cited March 2021]] </ref> and would encompass several [[Lands_that_could_potentially_be_encompassed_by_the_Range_of_the_Condor_National_Heritage_Area#Tribal_land|current reservations and rancherias]]<ref> [https://www3.epa.gov/region9/air/maps/ca_tribe.html California Tribal Lands [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Archaeologists have found evidence to suggest the use of California Condors during rituals of early peoples in California, and other ceremonies included dancers wearing capes of condor skins and feathers <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Some Native peoples believed condors could "infuse" them with special powers. For example, because of the condor's extraordinary eyesight, some tribes within the [[California Central Coast Region]] believed wearing cloaks of condor feathers would grant them powers to find lost valuables and people <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. In 2018, the [[Esselen Tribe of Monterey County]] received a grant from the [[California Natural Resources Agency]] that allowed them to reclaim a 1,199-acre ranch along the northern slopes of the Little Sur River. This sacred land will be used by tribal members for traditional ceremonies, native plant gatherings, and the repatriation of tribal members. The Esselen Tribe's partnership with the [[Western Rivers Conservancy]] to conserve the native plants and wildlife of the land represents an important natural and cultural conservation success in the [[Central Coast Region]] <ref> [https://www.esselentribe.org/our-land Esselen Tribal Lands Conservation Project [Cited March 2021]] </ref>.<br />
<br />
; [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)]]: The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] manages over 69,000 acres of land in the [[California Central Coast Region]] that would be encompassed by the Range of the Condor NHA. These areas include the [[Big Sandy Ecological Reserve]], the [[Carrizo Plains Ecological Reserve]], and the [[Semitropic Ecological Preserve]]. The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] also manages wildlife on [[U.S. Army]] properties including [[Fort Hunter Liggett]] where hunters and fisherman can purchase an annual permit for $125 to access the property (as of 2021), any harvested animals have a tooth and hair samples taken for age and other biological analysis. There is also a region-wide reporting program in place to report sick or injured animals to the [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]]. Through this program, they are able to keep biological health records of specific animal populations in the area and can track disease spread. This kind of watch program is essential when assisting in the re-establishment of a species population, such as the [[California Condor]]. This partnership with wildlife management on the [[U.S. Army]] lands allows the [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] to have a broader scope of collaboration with varying agencies within the proposed Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other Non-Profit Organizations in California's Central Coast Region|Non-profit organizations]]: <br />
*[[Los Padres Forest Association]]<br />
*[[Ventana Wildlife Society]]<br />
*[[Ventana Wilderness Alliance]]<br />
*[[Condor Trail Association (CTA)|Condor Trail Association]]<br />
<br />
; [[Private Landowners with Conservation Easements]]: Private landowners who seek to partner with the NHA can place a conservation easement on their property and could waive the right to develop or mine their land. Landowner partners would retain the ownership and use of their land. <ref>[https://www.condorrange.org/about.html Range of the Condor - About] </ref> In [[California's Central Coast Region | California's Central Coast region]], a notable example of this form of partnership is the Hearst Ranch Conservation Easement in an agreement with the State of California. <ref>http://www.hearstranch.com/conservation/ Hearst Ranch] </ref><br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
<br />
* [[California Condor]]<br />
* [[Ventana Wildlife Society]]<br />
* [[Maps relating to the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]]<br />
* [[Lands that could potentially be designated for inclusion in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Designated wilderness areas in Calfornia's Central Coast Region]]<br />
* [[Wild and Scenic Rivers in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/JPAs,_MOUs,_and_MOA%27s_in_California%27s_Central_Coast_RegionJPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region2021-03-29T02:49:56Z<p>Fred: /* Local JPAs, MOUs, and MOAs, */</p>
<hr />
<div>An [[Summaries of Environmental Topics in California's Central Coast Region|environmental topic]], summarized by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs), Memoranda of Agreement (MOAs), and Joint Powers Agencies or Authorities (JPAs) are some of the cooperative and legal instruments that can be used to facilitate inter-agency coordination on resource management. This page explains what these instruments are and describes some examples relevant to California's [[Central Coast region]].<br />
<br />
The stakeholders involved when establishing MOUs for National Heritage areas include not-for-profit organizations, federal commissions, institutions of higher education, and state and local governments. In order for the performance of newly established National Heritage Areas to be tracked, National Heritage Areas Program Annual Reporting Forms need to be completed by the stakeholders established within the JPA/MOU/MOA. In many conservation projects where multiple agencies overlap in their jurisdictions, many MOUs/MOAs/JPAs are often needed. MOUs/MOAs/JPAs should help determine the lead agency to oversee natural resource issues in conservation.<br />
<br />
== Definitions ==<br />
; Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) : An MOU is an agreement between both private and public agencies with an intent to collaborate, cooperate, and share information in areas of common regulation and supervision. MOUs can also be formed with academic institutions and other entities like non-profit organizations. MOUs are non-binding agreements that are often entered to describe broad concepts of common understanding, goals, and cooperative planning between parties <ref>https://media.defense.gov/2017/Mar/13/2001710658/-1/-1/0/CI_5216_18.PDF </ref>. MOUs can be categorized into three overarching groups: Academic MOUs, Domestic MOUs, and Non-Profit and other MOUs. <br />
; Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) : An MOA is different than an MOU because it describes in detail any specific responsibilities and actions needed to be taken by each party involved in order to accomplish a set goal <ref>https://media.defense.gov/2017/Mar/13/2001710658/-1/-1/0/CI_5216_18.PDF </ref>. Both MOUs and MOAs are required to follow the mission of the federal agency involved as well as federal law, regulation, and funding limitations. MOUs and MOAs also do not drumpf the need for separate contracts, documents, and agreements to meet the goals of the respective parties involved. MOUs and MOAs are not to be used as the sole authority to meet a goal or acquire goods and services.<br />
; Joint Powers Agreement (JPA) : Some JPAs are cooperative agreements between existing agencies and others to create separate institutions that are known as joint powers agencies <ref> https://sgf.senate.ca.gov/sites/sgf.senate.ca.gov/files/GWTFinalversion2.pdf </ref>. JPAs are established to work on a common problem between two or more parties, fund projects, or act as representative body to different activities <ref> https://sgf.senate.ca.gov/sites/sgf.senate.ca.gov/files/GWTFinalversion2.pdf </ref>. JPAs can be formed between federal institutions, state departments, counties, cities, school districts, development agencies and other joint power institutions. JPAs can also be formed across state lines. JPAs are currently formed for groundwater management, infrastructure development, habitat conservation, mental health facilities construction, etc <ref> https://sgf.senate.ca.gov/sites/sgf.senate.ca.gov/files/GWTFinalversion2.pdf </ref>.<br />
<br />
== Process of establishing MOUs/MOAs==<br />
<br />
The first stage in the process of establishing MOUs/MOAs is the planning stage <ref> https://aspe.hhs.gov/basic-report/guide-memorandum-understanding-negotiation-and-development#chapII </ref>. This is when internal brainstorming begins between administrators, case managers, or others parties involved in order to identify:<br />
<br />
# What you want or need another party to provide<br />
# What you are willing to negotiate<br />
# What you are willing to give up<br />
# What you have to offer<br />
# The rationale for entering the MOU process <ref> https://aspe.hhs.gov/basic-report/guide-memorandum-understanding-negotiation-and-development#chapII </ref>. <br />
<br />
The second step of the planning stage involves identifying the potential providers of the specific community. This allows for the needs of the community to be identified and allows a plan or goal to be set in order to meet those needs. The third step is focused on identifying the program objectives of the particular MOU/MOA and understanding if the objectives can be met without the MOU/MOA. The third step is regarded as the most crucial part of creating a MOU/MOA. The fourth step involves understanding the level of staff to be involved in the negotiation process that will take place in another stage of the MOU/MOA process. The last two steps of the planning stage involve identifying agencies that have resources to provide services and also have the authority to do so. <br />
<br />
The second stage is known as the negotiation stage <ref> https://aspe.hhs.gov/basic-report/guide-memorandum-understanding-negotiation-and-development#chapII </ref>. The negotiation stage begins with a contact with between the parties to discuss specific elements of the MOU/MOA. The overall concept of the MOU/MOA is presented to the case management of different agencies that are planning on working together in order to agree on the terms of the agreement.<br />
<br />
The third stage is where the MOU/MOA is completed <ref> https://aspe.hhs.gov/basic-report/guide-memorandum-understanding-negotiation-and-development#chapII </ref>. This final stage involves the preparation of a draft of the MOU instrument which is based on your meeting and negotiations with the provider agency. Generally, since you are initiating the process, you will assume responsibility for preparing the draft. Send the draft to the other party, along with a cover letter in which you identify controversial areas. Try to negotiate those points where there is some flexibility and identify the immutable points. This phase of the negotiation could be handled by phone or in person. Involving the persons with the authority to negotiate for the agency at this draft stage can minimize the time to complete the MOU.<br />
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== Local JPAs, MOUs, and MOAs, ==<br />
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* Coast Dairies Management Area on the north coast of [[City of Santa Cruz | Santa Cruz County]] <ref> https://www.blm.gov/press-release/blm-signs-partnership-agreement-amah-mutsun-land-trust </ref><br />
** '''Parties:''' [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) | Bureau of Land Management]] and the Amah Mutsun Land Trust<br />
** '''Purpose:''' The purpose of this MOU is to provide tribal members access to Coast Dairies, allow the collection of plant materials on Coast Dairies, and facilitate collaboration between BLM and AMLT that will help guide management planning at Coast Dairies.<br />
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* Laguna Grande Regional Park Joint Powers Agency <ref> https://www.mprpd.org/files/950f3eee4/LGJPA-Agenda_093019.pdf </ref><br />
** '''Parties:''' [[Monterey County Regional Park District | Monterey County Regional Park District]] , [[City of Monterey | City of Monterey]], [[City of Seaside | City of Seaside]]<br />
** '''Purpose:''' This agency was created to coordinate the development and maintenance of the Laguna Regional Park<br />
* Canyon Del Rey Watershed Joint Powers Agency <ref> https://www.ci.seaside.ca.us/DocumentCenter/View/10036/Canyon-Del-Rey-Watershed-Joint-Powers-Agency-Article-1-PDF </ref> <br />
**'''Parties:''' Cities: Del Rey Oaks, Monterey, Seaside; Monterey County; and the [[Monterey County Regional Park District | Monterey Peninsula Regional Park District]]<br />
** '''Purpose:''' This agency was created to coordinate the development and maintenance of the Canyon Del Rey Watershed to preserve and improve the quality of the water<br />
* [[Monterey Peninsula | Monterey Peninsula]] Regional Water Authority (MPRWA) <ref> https://monterey.org/MPRWA-Hosted-Archive/The-Authority </ref><br />
**'''Parties:''' Mayors of [[Carmel | Carmel-by-the-Sea]], Del Rey Oaks, Monterey, Pacific Grove, Sand City, and Seaside<br />
** '''Purpose:''' This agency was created to find a solution to the Peninsula Water Shortage caused by the over drafting of the Carmel River <br />
* [[Desalination in California's Central Coast Region | Deep Water Desalination]] <ref> https://www.deepwaterdesal.com/joint-powers-authority.htm </ref><br />
**'''Parties:''' Monterey Bay Regional Water Project and the Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination (SWRO) Plant<br />
** '''Purpose:''' The purpose of this agency is to design and construct the SWRO facility and later operate the facility for a period of time.<br />
* [[Regional Government Services]]<br />
* [[California Community Power (CCP)|California Community Power]] - a JPA created to combine energy buying power while advancing local and state climate goals.<br />
<br />
== Other Examples in Conservation==<br />
<br />
* California Condor Restoration Memorandum of Understanding May 2018 <ref> https://parkplanning.nps.gov/document.cfm?parkID=336&projectID=66364&documentID=88289 </ref><br />
** '''Parties:''' [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service]], [[National Park Service (NPS) | The National Park Service]], [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) | Bureau of Land Management]], [[United States Forest Service (USFS) | U.S. Forest Service]], the Yurok Tribe, [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) | California Department of Fish and Wildlife]], [[California Department of Parks and Recreation (State Parks) | California Department of Parks and Recreation]], Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Oregon Zoo, the Sequoia Park Zoo, the Ventana Wildlife Society, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, PacifiCorp d.b.a. Pacific Power, Green Diamond Resource Company, and Hells Canyon Preservation Council. <br />
** '''Purpose:''' Provide detailed goals of cooperation and encourage close coordination among the parties involved to support ongoing conservation of the California condor<br />
<br />
* The Conservation of Migratory Birds <ref> https://www.fws.gov/migratorybirds/pdf/management/mounps.pdf </ref> <br />
** '''Parties:''' [[National Park Service (NPS) | The National Park Service]] and [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service]]<br />
** '''Purpose:''' The purpose of this MOU is to increase migratory bird conservation by identifying and developing strategies used to complement and support existing efforts, and create new collaborative migratory bird conservation partnerships and efficient planning strategies for migratory birds. <br />
<br />
* Protection of National Parks and Other Protected Natural and Cultural Heritage Sites <ref> https://iea.uoregon.edu/MarineMammals/engine/research/0-3309-3313htm_1.htm </ref><br />
** '''Parties:''' [[National Park Service (NPS) | The National Park Service]] and the Secretariat of Urban Development and Ecology United Mexican States<br />
** '''Purpose:''' The purpose of this MOU is to promote the rational use and management of natural resources within protected national areas and natural and cultural heritage<br />
* National Pollution Discharge <ref>https://www.bsee.gov/sites/bsee.gov/files/doi-epa-npdes-mou-signed-and-ocrd.pdf </ref><br />
** '''Parties:''' Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement, and the [[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)| Environmental Protection Agency]] <br />
** '''Purpose:''' This MOU was created to promote coordination between the oil and gas agencies' lease activities on the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS).<br />
* Cooperation in Management and Protection of National Parks and Other Protected Natural and Cultural Heritage Sites, Mexico City and Washington <ref> https://iea.uoregon.edu/MarineMammals/engine/research/0-3309-3313htm_1.htm </ref><br />
** '''Parties:''' [[National Park Service (NPS) | The National Park Service]] and the Secretariat of Urban Development and Ecology<br />
** '''Purpose:''' The purpose of the MOU was to work towards the conservation of protected natural areas and their biodiversity, the preservation of cultural heritage and natural resources, and sustainable development alternatives for rural Mexican communities <ref> https://books.google.com/books?id=ixvUpq8j-gwC&pg=PA3309&lpg=PA3309&dq=Memorandum+of+Understanding+Between+the+National+Park+Service+of+the+Department+of+the+Interior+of+the+United+States+of+America+and+the+Secretariat+of+Urban+Development+and+Ecology+on+Cooperation+in+Management+and+Protection+of+National+Parks+and+Other+Protected+Natural+and+Cultural+Heritage+Sites,+Mexico+City+and+Washington,+1988-1989+MEMORANDUM+OF+UNDERSTANDING+between+NATIONAL+PARK+SERVICE+OF+THE+DEPARTMENT+OF+THE+INTERIOR+OF+THE+UNITED+STATES+OF+AMERICA+and+SECRETARIAT+OF+URBAN+DEVELOPMENT+AND+ECOLOGY+UNITED+MEXICAN+STATES+on+Cooperation+in+Management+and+Protection+of+National+Parks+and+Other+Protected+Natural+and+Cultural+Heritage+Sites&source=bl&ots=iwBsuX6A7j&sig=ACfU3U1es6X6XPXY3cjf0RNcaE022oMBhA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj3__vInKzvAhXFWM0KHb8QASEQ6AEwAXoECAEQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false </ref>. <br />
* Establishing the Federal Native Plant Conservation Committee of the Plant Conservation Alliance <ref> https://www.blm.gov/sites/blm.gov/files/PCA%20MOU%202019%205%20signed.pdf </ref><br />
** '''Parties:''' [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) | Bureau of Land Management]], [[National Park Service (NPS) | The National Park Service]], Smithsonian Institution, United States Botanic Garden, [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service]], and [[United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) | USDA]] Agricultural Research Service<br />
** '''Purpose:''' The purpose of this MOU is to allow the Federal Native Plant Conservation Committee to continue working through the Plant Conservation Alliance. The involved parties will identify and recommend conservation needs for native plants and their habitats and coordinate programs in order to meet those needs <ref> https://www.blm.gov/sites/blm.gov/files/PCA%20MOU%202019%205%20signed.pdf </ref><br />
<br />
=== Other examples===<br />
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* Mission Trails Regional Occupational Program <ref> https://www.salinasuhsd.org/Page/112 </ref><br />
** '''Parties:''' Carmel Unified School District, Gonzales Unified School District, Monterey Peninsula Unified School District, North Monterey County School District, Soledad Unified School District, South Monterey County Joint Union High School District and Salinas Union High School District<br />
** '''Purpose:''' This JPA was established to "develop, administer, and operate as a strong mechanism of collaboration and support in CTE programs across Monterey County" <ref> https://www.salinasuhsd.org/Page/112 </ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Range_of_the_Condor_National_Heritage_AreaRange of the Condor National Heritage Area2021-03-29T02:48:57Z<p>Fred: /* Partnerships */</p>
<hr />
<div>A [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|organizational summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The [[Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]] (RCNHA) is a proposed new [[National Heritage Area (NHA)]] spanning an [[Maps of the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|area]] defined by the current range of the [[California Condor]].<br />
<br />
This NHA designation would facilitate collaboration between [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|stakeholders (including government agencies and non-governmental organizations)]] for preservation, maintenance, project planning, and other land management duties throughout the area. NHAs also receive advising from the [[National Park Service (NPS)]] on technical and planning issues, as well as limited financial assistance.<br />
<br />
== Vision ==<br />
<br />
The vision for the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area includes all the traditional benefits [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)|NHAs]] confer to a region, in addition to novel assets at this particular area, including:<br />
<br />
* Preservation of habitat, especially for animals significant to the area's heritage like [[California Condor|California Condors]]. <br />
<br />
* Continuity between the Range of the Condor NHA and adjacent protected lands and coastal waters, offering exciting opportunities for research and recreation across uninterrupted wildlands, from the mountains to the sea. <br />
<br />
* Increased public access to land via new and improved trails, educational programs, and more.<br />
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* Bolstered economic activity and jobs, including eco-tourism and new project development, throughout the region. <br />
<br />
* Public education on wildfires, fostering a new public attitude towards fires and fire management.<br />
<br />
* Completion of [[The Condor Trail]], which could be an iconic feature of the NHA and the State of California.<br />
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* Construction of a 'University Trail' running between state universities in Monterey Bay and San Luis Obispo.<br />
<br />
== Management ==<br />
<br />
NHAs across the country differ in their operational structure. The [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]] designation by Congress doesn't dictate a specific organizational hierarchy; only the oversight role of the [[National Park Service]]. Thus, new NHAs can look to existing ones for organizational blueprints, in addition to developing their own system that works locally. Some components of NHAs relevant to the Range of the Condor NHA are listed within the [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas|comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]. A range of goals and missions of all existing NHAs can be found in the [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)|missions, planning, and administration]] section.<br />
<br />
=== Local Coordinating Entities ===<br />
<br />
NHAs are managed by Local Coordinating Entities (LCEs). The LCE can be a [[Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other Non-Profit Organizations in California's Central Coast Region|non-profit organization]] or a non-federal governmental organization. LCE responsibilities include creating the NHA management plan, finding external funding, and overseeing cooperation between partner organizations.<br />
<br />
'''Examples of responsibilities of LCEs managing a NHA'''<ref> [https://www.visittucson.org/visit/about/santa-cruz-valley-national-heritage-area Santa Cruz Valley National Heritage Area [Cited March 2021]] </ref><br />
*Promoting heritage-based tourism within the area<br />
*Developing educational programs based on the historical context of the region <br />
*Restoration and conservation of the Heritage area<br />
*Rehabilitating historic buildings <br />
<br />
==== The Non-Profit LCE option ====<br />
<br />
Most NHAs are managed by non-profit organizations acting as the LCE (see [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]). Examples include:<br />
<br />
* [[Kenai Mountains-Turnagain Arm National Heritage Area|Kenai Mountains-Turnagain Arm NHA]] managed by the [[Kenai Turnagain Arm Communities Association]]<br />
* [[Mountains to Sound Greenway National Heritage Area|Mountains to Sound Greenway NHA]] managed by the [[The Mountains to Sound Greenway Trust]]<br />
* [[Blue Ridge National Heritage Area]] managed by the [[ Blue Ridge National Heritage Area Partnership]]<br />
<br />
If the RCNHA is to be managed by a non-governmental organization, then this role could be played by the existing [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]] or by a new non-profit established specifically to function as the LCE for the RCNHA.<br />
<br />
==== Governmental LCE ====<br />
<br />
Some NHAs are managed by non-federal government organizations acting as the LCE (see [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]). Examples include:<br />
<br />
* [[Mississippi Gulf National Heritage Area|Mississippi Gulf NHA]] managed by [[Mississippi Department of Marine Resources]]<br />
* [[Muscle Shoals National Heritage Area|Muscle Shoals NHA]] managed by the [[University of Alabama]]<br />
* [[Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta National Heritage Area|Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta NHA]] managed by the [[State of California Delta Protection Commission]]<br />
<br />
Note that [[Annotated List of Federal Agencies with Resource Management Responsibilities in California's Central Coast Region|federal organizations]] do not act as LCEs because this is contrary to the intent of having a '''Local''' Coordinating Entity.<br />
<br />
If the RCNHA is be managed by a government organization, then logical choices for the LCE might be [[CDFW]] or [[State Parks]]. [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife|CDFW]] is responsible for managing numerous [[Special Status Species in the Central Coast Region]]. CDFW is also the agency that works with the [[U.S Army]] to manage hunting and fishing on Army bases, such as [[Fort Hunter Liggett]].<br />
<br />
=== Partnerships ===<br />
<br />
NHA creation generally requires cooperation between multiple agencies, which may be established through a [[JPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region|Memorandum of Understanding, Memorandum of Agreement, or a Joint Powers Agreement]]. These agreements would be between the [[NPS]], the LCE, and any other partner organizations. <br />
MOU agreements have been used to create other [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]]s in the United States, such as the [[Mormon Pioneer National Heritage Area|Mormon Pioneer NHA]] and the [[Great Basin National Heritage Area|Great Basin NHA]] <ref> [https://www-jstor-org.csumb.idm.oclc.org/stable/10.5406/utahhistquar.88.2.0129?seq=1 From Skepticism to Support: National Heritage Areas in the West [Cited March 2021]] </ref>.<br />
<br />
[[JPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region|JPAs]] are widely used for various purposes in the [[California Central Coast Region]], such as the formation of [[California Community Power (CCP)|California Community Power]] which is a JPA created to combine energy buying power while advancing local and state climate goals. <ref> [https://solarindustrymag.com/eight-california-ccas-partner-to-form-new-joint-powers-authority [Cited March 2021]] </ref>.<br />
<br />
== Operational function ==<br />
<br />
The operational function of the RCNHA could involve:<br />
<br />
* Implementation of the NHA management plan<br />
* Regular meetings among partners<br />
* Public outreach and promotion of the NHA vision<br />
* Procurement of external funding<br />
* Restoration and preservation of habitat<br />
* Planning for increase public access to public land<br />
* Construction of facilities such as trail heads and trails such as the [[Condor Trail]]<br />
* Hosting conferences, workshops, & seminars on condors, land management, wildfire etc.<br />
* Facilitation of research<br />
<br />
== Leadership ==<br />
<br />
The Range of the Condor National Heritage Area is proposed by the [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]] and former Congressman Sam Farr.<br />
<br />
== Key Partners ==<br />
[[File:NHAProposal.png|200px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br />
[[File:ExpansionWithSanctuaries.jpg|300px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
There are many organizations that manage land and wildlife within the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area. These organizations and their potential roles are summarized below, with [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area | further details tabulated in a separate page]].<br />
<br />
; [[National Park Service (NPS)]]: The [[National Park Service (NPS)|NPS]] manages approximately 513,150 acres of land within the proposed area for the Range of the Condor NHA. Parks within this area include [[Pinnacles National Park]], [[Channel Islands National Park]], [[Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI)]], [[Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area]], and [[César E. Chávez National Monument]]. The [[National Park Service (NPS)|NPS]] is also the federal agency in charge of general [[National Heritage Areas|National Heritage Area]] oversight, assisting in funding and helping with cohesive management within the local communities. <br />
<br />
; [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) | Bureau of Land Management (BLM)]]: The [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM)| BLM]] manages over 85,000 acres of habitat conservation areas and other public lands in the [[California's Central Coast Region]], including [[Fort Ord National Monument (FONM)]], [[California Coastal National Monument (CCNM)]], [[Carrizo Plain National Monument]], and [[Clear Creek Management Area (CCMA)]]. The National Monuments and Special Management Areas are located in geographically important habitats for the historic range of the California Condor and as a result, would be valuable corridors within the Range of the Condor NHA. <br />
<br />
; [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)]]: Since 1992, [[USFWS]] has operated the [[California Condor Recovery Program]], which breeds and reintroduces California Condors to the wild. The [[USFWS]] also manages designated critical habitat for the [[California Tiger Salamander in California's Central Coast Region|California Tiger Salamander]], and the Pacific Southwest Region office previously worked with state agencies to create a species recovery plan that started in 2017. The [[USFWS]] also manages the [[National Wildlife Refuge System]], which consists of a total of 26,303 acres out of the seven wildlife refuges in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area. Due to its involvement in the [[California Condor Recovery Program]], and its role in [[Central Coast]] conservation and management, the [[USFWS]] would be a strong partner for the Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[United States Forest Service (USFS)]]: The [[USFS]] manages 4,222,701 acres of National Forest land that are partially located in the proposed area for the Range of the Condor NHA. These forests include [[Los Padres National Forest (LPNF)]], [[Angeles National Forest]], [[San Bernardino National Forest]], and [[Sequoia National Forest]]. The [[USFS]]'s mission is to maintain and improve the health, diversity, and productivity of the nation’s forests and grasslands, and focuses on managing vegetation, restoring ecosystems, reducing hazards, and maintaining forest health <ref>[https://www.fs.fed.us/forestmanagement/ U.S Forest Service [Cited March 2021]]</ref>. As of 2014, 103 California Condors were surveyed in [[Los Padres National Forest (LPNF)|LPNF]] <ref> [https://lpfw.org/our-region/wildlife/california-condor/ Los Padres Forest Watch [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Additionally, within the southern region of [[LPNF]] lies the [[Sespe Condor Sanctuary]] which provides critical protected habitat for the [[California Condor]], making the [[USFS]] an ideal partner for the Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[United States Army lands and activities in California's Central Coast Region | United States Army]]: The Department of Defense's Army Department owns and manages over 223,200 acres of land in the [[California Central Coast Region]] that would potentially fall within the Range of the Condor NHA. This land is primarily used for the training and education of members of the U.S. Army. The Department of Defense and the [[The Conservation Fund]] have partnered to prevent residential encroachment near military boundaries, create buffer projects to preserve habitat, provide supportive education, and assist with regional planning. The [[United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)]] is also the leading federal agency pursuing civil works projects ranging from flood control to ecosystem restoration and has a significant reach and impact on the nation's natural resources and aquatic ecosystems. It oversees thousands of civil works projects and the Clean Water Act 404 Regulatory Program <ref> [https://www.conservationfund.org/our-work/conservation-fund-partnerships/federal-conservation-partnerships/u-s-department-of-defense U.S. Department of Defense. The Conservation Fund. [Cited March 2021]]</ref>. [[United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)| USACE]] may be an organizational partner in coordinating the management of the NHA with the U.S. Army and other agencies. <br />
<br />
; [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]]: [[NOAA]] manages over 7,500 square miles of coastal ocean along the [[California Central Coast]] within the [[Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary]] and [[Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary]]. These marine sanctuaries exemplify the strong connection between California's [[Central Coast]] region and protection of the natural environment, and they generate large amounts of tourism and recreational revenue by drawing interest to the beauty of this region. [[NOAA]] conducts large-scale research and monitoring programs along the coast, and collaborates with many [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|local research institutions and organizations]] to promote environmental stewardship and future resiliency. The NOAA [[National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)]] also manages commercial and recreational fisheries within the [[Central Coast]] region and is responsible for issuing permits related to the [[Endangered Species Act]]. [[NMFS]] coordinates with [[Regional Fishery Management Councils]] and other local partners, funds fisheries research, and provides jobs to many coastal-dependent communities. California Condors rely on healthy coastal ecosystems to provide the carrion of marine mammals such as whales and sea lions that wash up on the beaches of the [[Central Coast Region]].<ref>https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/California_Condor/lifehistory</ref><br />
<br />
; [[Native Americans in California's Central Coast Region|Native American Tribes]]: The [[California Condor]] has been an important symbol for Native Americans that represents the wilderness heritage of the [[Central Coast Region]]. It has been regarded as the "most impressive and majestic flying bird in North America," and has captured the attention of Native peoples throughout its history <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. The proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area would span at least a dozen different pre-contact tribal lands, <ref> [https://aimfireriversideca.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/calprecontact.gif California Tribal Communities [Cited March 2021]] </ref> and would encompass several [[Lands_that_could_potentially_be_encompassed_by_the_Range_of_the_Condor_National_Heritage_Area#Tribal_land|current reservations and rancherias]]<ref> [https://www3.epa.gov/region9/air/maps/ca_tribe.html California Tribal Lands [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Archaeologists have found evidence to suggest the use of California Condors during rituals of early peoples in California, and other ceremonies included dancers wearing capes of condor skins and feathers <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Some Native peoples believed condors could "infuse" them with special powers. For example, because of the condor's extraordinary eyesight, some tribes within the [[California Central Coast Region]] believed wearing cloaks of condor feathers would grant them powers to find lost valuables and people <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. In 2018, the [[Esselen Tribe of Monterey County]] received a grant from the [[California Natural Resources Agency]] that allowed them to reclaim a 1,199-acre ranch along the northern slopes of the Little Sur River. This sacred land will be used by tribal members for traditional ceremonies, native plant gatherings, and the repatriation of tribal members. The Esselen Tribe's partnership with the [[Western Rivers Conservancy]] to conserve the native plants and wildlife of the land represents an important natural and cultural conservation success in the [[Central Coast Region]] <ref> [https://www.esselentribe.org/our-land Esselen Tribal Lands Conservation Project [Cited March 2021]] </ref>.<br />
<br />
; [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)]]: The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] manages over 69,000 acres of land in the [[California Central Coast Region]] that would be encompassed by the Range of the Condor NHA. These areas include the [[Big Sandy Ecological Reserve]], the [[Carrizo Plains Ecological Reserve]], and the [[Semitropic Ecological Preserve]]. The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] also manages wildlife on [[U.S. Army]] properties including [[Fort Hunter Liggett]] where hunters and fisherman can purchase an annual permit for $125 to access the property (as of 2021), any harvested animals have a tooth and hair samples taken for age and other biological analysis. There is also a region-wide reporting program in place to report sick or injured animals to the [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]]. Through this program, they are able to keep biological health records of specific animal populations in the area and can track disease spread. This kind of watch program is essential when assisting in the re-establishment of a species population, such as the [[California Condor]]. This partnership with wildlife management on the [[U.S. Army]] lands allows the [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] to have a broader scope of collaboration with varying agencies within the proposed Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other Non-Profit Organizations in California's Central Coast Region|Non-profit organizations]]: <br />
*[[Los Padres Forest Association]]<br />
*[[Ventana Wildlife Society]]<br />
*[[Ventana Wilderness Alliance]]<br />
*[[Condor Trail Association (CTA)|Condor Trail Association]]<br />
<br />
; [[Private Landowners with Conservation Easements]]: Private landowners who seek to partner with the NHA can place a conservation easement on their property and could waive the right to develop or mine their land. Landowner partners would retain the ownership and use of their land. <ref>[https://www.condorrange.org/about.html Range of the Condor - About] </ref> In [[California's Central Coast Region | California's Central Coast region]], a notable example of this form of partnership is the Hearst Ranch Conservation Easement in an agreement with the State of California. <ref>http://www.hearstranch.com/conservation/ Hearst Ranch] </ref><br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
<br />
* [[California Condor]]<br />
* [[Ventana Wildlife Society]]<br />
* [[Maps relating to the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]]<br />
* [[Lands that could potentially be designated for inclusion in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Designated wilderness areas in Calfornia's Central Coast Region]]<br />
* [[Wild and Scenic Rivers in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Range_of_the_Condor_National_Heritage_AreaRange of the Condor National Heritage Area2021-03-29T02:48:11Z<p>Fred: /* Partnerships */</p>
<hr />
<div>A [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|organizational summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The [[Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]] (RCNHA) is a proposed new [[National Heritage Area (NHA)]] spanning an [[Maps of the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|area]] defined by the current range of the [[California Condor]].<br />
<br />
This NHA designation would facilitate collaboration between [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|stakeholders (including government agencies and non-governmental organizations)]] for preservation, maintenance, project planning, and other land management duties throughout the area. NHAs also receive advising from the [[National Park Service (NPS)]] on technical and planning issues, as well as limited financial assistance.<br />
<br />
== Vision ==<br />
<br />
The vision for the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area includes all the traditional benefits [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)|NHAs]] confer to a region, in addition to novel assets at this particular area, including:<br />
<br />
* Preservation of habitat, especially for animals significant to the area's heritage like [[California Condor|California Condors]]. <br />
<br />
* Continuity between the Range of the Condor NHA and adjacent protected lands and coastal waters, offering exciting opportunities for research and recreation across uninterrupted wildlands, from the mountains to the sea. <br />
<br />
* Increased public access to land via new and improved trails, educational programs, and more.<br />
<br />
* Bolstered economic activity and jobs, including eco-tourism and new project development, throughout the region. <br />
<br />
* Public education on wildfires, fostering a new public attitude towards fires and fire management.<br />
<br />
* Completion of [[The Condor Trail]], which could be an iconic feature of the NHA and the State of California.<br />
<br />
* Construction of a 'University Trail' running between state universities in Monterey Bay and San Luis Obispo.<br />
<br />
== Management ==<br />
<br />
NHAs across the country differ in their operational structure. The [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]] designation by Congress doesn't dictate a specific organizational hierarchy; only the oversight role of the [[National Park Service]]. Thus, new NHAs can look to existing ones for organizational blueprints, in addition to developing their own system that works locally. Some components of NHAs relevant to the Range of the Condor NHA are listed within the [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas|comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]. A range of goals and missions of all existing NHAs can be found in the [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)|missions, planning, and administration]] section.<br />
<br />
=== Local Coordinating Entities ===<br />
<br />
NHAs are managed by Local Coordinating Entities (LCEs). The LCE can be a [[Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other Non-Profit Organizations in California's Central Coast Region|non-profit organization]] or a non-federal governmental organization. LCE responsibilities include creating the NHA management plan, finding external funding, and overseeing cooperation between partner organizations.<br />
<br />
'''Examples of responsibilities of LCEs managing a NHA'''<ref> [https://www.visittucson.org/visit/about/santa-cruz-valley-national-heritage-area Santa Cruz Valley National Heritage Area [Cited March 2021]] </ref><br />
*Promoting heritage-based tourism within the area<br />
*Developing educational programs based on the historical context of the region <br />
*Restoration and conservation of the Heritage area<br />
*Rehabilitating historic buildings <br />
<br />
==== The Non-Profit LCE option ====<br />
<br />
Most NHAs are managed by non-profit organizations acting as the LCE (see [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]). Examples include:<br />
<br />
* [[Kenai Mountains-Turnagain Arm National Heritage Area|Kenai Mountains-Turnagain Arm NHA]] managed by the [[Kenai Turnagain Arm Communities Association]]<br />
* [[Mountains to Sound Greenway National Heritage Area|Mountains to Sound Greenway NHA]] managed by the [[The Mountains to Sound Greenway Trust]]<br />
* [[Blue Ridge National Heritage Area]] managed by the [[ Blue Ridge National Heritage Area Partnership]]<br />
<br />
If the RCNHA is to be managed by a non-governmental organization, then this role could be played by the existing [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]] or by a new non-profit established specifically to function as the LCE for the RCNHA.<br />
<br />
==== Governmental LCE ====<br />
<br />
Some NHAs are managed by non-federal government organizations acting as the LCE (see [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]). Examples include:<br />
<br />
* [[Mississippi Gulf National Heritage Area|Mississippi Gulf NHA]] managed by [[Mississippi Department of Marine Resources]]<br />
* [[Muscle Shoals National Heritage Area|Muscle Shoals NHA]] managed by the [[University of Alabama]]<br />
* [[Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta National Heritage Area|Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta NHA]] managed by the [[State of California Delta Protection Commission]]<br />
<br />
Note that [[Annotated List of Federal Agencies with Resource Management Responsibilities in California's Central Coast Region|federal organizations]] do not act as LCEs because this is contrary to the intent of having a '''Local''' Coordinating Entity.<br />
<br />
If the RCNHA is be managed by a government organization, then logical choices for the LCE might be [[CDFW]] or [[State Parks]]. [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife|CDFW]] is responsible for managing numerous [[Special Status Species in the Central Coast Region]]. CDFW is also the agency that works with the [[U.S Army]] to manage hunting and fishing on Army bases, such as [[Fort Hunter Liggett]].<br />
<br />
=== Partnerships ===<br />
<br />
NHA creation generally requires cooperation between multiple agencies, which may be established through a [[JPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region|Memorandum of Understanding, Memorandum of Agreement, or a Joint Powers Agreement]]. These agreements would be between the [[NPS]], the LCE, and any other partner organizations. <br />
MOU agreements have been used to create other [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]]s in the United States, such as the [[Mormon Pioneer National Heritage Area|Mormon Pioneer NHA]] and the [[Great Basin National Heritage Area|Great Basin NHA]] <ref> [https://www-jstor-org.csumb.idm.oclc.org/stable/10.5406/utahhistquar.88.2.0129?seq=1 From Skepticism to Support: National Heritage Areas in the West [Cited March 2021]] </ref>.<br />
<br />
[[JPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region|JPAs]] are widely used for various purposes in the [[California Central Coast Region]], such as [[California Community Power CCP]] which is a JPA created to combine energy buying power while advancing local and state climate goals. <ref> [https://solarindustrymag.com/eight-california-ccas-partner-to-form-new-joint-powers-authority [Cited March 2021]] </ref>.<br />
<br />
== Operational function ==<br />
<br />
The operational function of the RCNHA could involve:<br />
<br />
* Implementation of the NHA management plan<br />
* Regular meetings among partners<br />
* Public outreach and promotion of the NHA vision<br />
* Procurement of external funding<br />
* Restoration and preservation of habitat<br />
* Planning for increase public access to public land<br />
* Construction of facilities such as trail heads and trails such as the [[Condor Trail]]<br />
* Hosting conferences, workshops, & seminars on condors, land management, wildfire etc.<br />
* Facilitation of research<br />
<br />
== Leadership ==<br />
<br />
The Range of the Condor National Heritage Area is proposed by the [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]] and former Congressman Sam Farr.<br />
<br />
== Key Partners ==<br />
[[File:NHAProposal.png|200px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br />
[[File:ExpansionWithSanctuaries.jpg|300px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
There are many organizations that manage land and wildlife within the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area. These organizations and their potential roles are summarized below, with [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area | further details tabulated in a separate page]].<br />
<br />
; [[National Park Service (NPS)]]: The [[National Park Service (NPS)|NPS]] manages approximately 513,150 acres of land within the proposed area for the Range of the Condor NHA. Parks within this area include [[Pinnacles National Park]], [[Channel Islands National Park]], [[Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI)]], [[Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area]], and [[César E. Chávez National Monument]]. The [[National Park Service (NPS)|NPS]] is also the federal agency in charge of general [[National Heritage Areas|National Heritage Area]] oversight, assisting in funding and helping with cohesive management within the local communities. <br />
<br />
; [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) | Bureau of Land Management (BLM)]]: The [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM)| BLM]] manages over 85,000 acres of habitat conservation areas and other public lands in the [[California's Central Coast Region]], including [[Fort Ord National Monument (FONM)]], [[California Coastal National Monument (CCNM)]], [[Carrizo Plain National Monument]], and [[Clear Creek Management Area (CCMA)]]. The National Monuments and Special Management Areas are located in geographically important habitats for the historic range of the California Condor and as a result, would be valuable corridors within the Range of the Condor NHA. <br />
<br />
; [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)]]: Since 1992, [[USFWS]] has operated the [[California Condor Recovery Program]], which breeds and reintroduces California Condors to the wild. The [[USFWS]] also manages designated critical habitat for the [[California Tiger Salamander in California's Central Coast Region|California Tiger Salamander]], and the Pacific Southwest Region office previously worked with state agencies to create a species recovery plan that started in 2017. The [[USFWS]] also manages the [[National Wildlife Refuge System]], which consists of a total of 26,303 acres out of the seven wildlife refuges in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area. Due to its involvement in the [[California Condor Recovery Program]], and its role in [[Central Coast]] conservation and management, the [[USFWS]] would be a strong partner for the Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[United States Forest Service (USFS)]]: The [[USFS]] manages 4,222,701 acres of National Forest land that are partially located in the proposed area for the Range of the Condor NHA. These forests include [[Los Padres National Forest (LPNF)]], [[Angeles National Forest]], [[San Bernardino National Forest]], and [[Sequoia National Forest]]. The [[USFS]]'s mission is to maintain and improve the health, diversity, and productivity of the nation’s forests and grasslands, and focuses on managing vegetation, restoring ecosystems, reducing hazards, and maintaining forest health <ref>[https://www.fs.fed.us/forestmanagement/ U.S Forest Service [Cited March 2021]]</ref>. As of 2014, 103 California Condors were surveyed in [[Los Padres National Forest (LPNF)|LPNF]] <ref> [https://lpfw.org/our-region/wildlife/california-condor/ Los Padres Forest Watch [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Additionally, within the southern region of [[LPNF]] lies the [[Sespe Condor Sanctuary]] which provides critical protected habitat for the [[California Condor]], making the [[USFS]] an ideal partner for the Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[United States Army lands and activities in California's Central Coast Region | United States Army]]: The Department of Defense's Army Department owns and manages over 223,200 acres of land in the [[California Central Coast Region]] that would potentially fall within the Range of the Condor NHA. This land is primarily used for the training and education of members of the U.S. Army. The Department of Defense and the [[The Conservation Fund]] have partnered to prevent residential encroachment near military boundaries, create buffer projects to preserve habitat, provide supportive education, and assist with regional planning. The [[United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)]] is also the leading federal agency pursuing civil works projects ranging from flood control to ecosystem restoration and has a significant reach and impact on the nation's natural resources and aquatic ecosystems. It oversees thousands of civil works projects and the Clean Water Act 404 Regulatory Program <ref> [https://www.conservationfund.org/our-work/conservation-fund-partnerships/federal-conservation-partnerships/u-s-department-of-defense U.S. Department of Defense. The Conservation Fund. [Cited March 2021]]</ref>. [[United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)| USACE]] may be an organizational partner in coordinating the management of the NHA with the U.S. Army and other agencies. <br />
<br />
; [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]]: [[NOAA]] manages over 7,500 square miles of coastal ocean along the [[California Central Coast]] within the [[Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary]] and [[Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary]]. These marine sanctuaries exemplify the strong connection between California's [[Central Coast]] region and protection of the natural environment, and they generate large amounts of tourism and recreational revenue by drawing interest to the beauty of this region. [[NOAA]] conducts large-scale research and monitoring programs along the coast, and collaborates with many [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|local research institutions and organizations]] to promote environmental stewardship and future resiliency. The NOAA [[National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)]] also manages commercial and recreational fisheries within the [[Central Coast]] region and is responsible for issuing permits related to the [[Endangered Species Act]]. [[NMFS]] coordinates with [[Regional Fishery Management Councils]] and other local partners, funds fisheries research, and provides jobs to many coastal-dependent communities. California Condors rely on healthy coastal ecosystems to provide the carrion of marine mammals such as whales and sea lions that wash up on the beaches of the [[Central Coast Region]].<ref>https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/California_Condor/lifehistory</ref><br />
<br />
; [[Native Americans in California's Central Coast Region|Native American Tribes]]: The [[California Condor]] has been an important symbol for Native Americans that represents the wilderness heritage of the [[Central Coast Region]]. It has been regarded as the "most impressive and majestic flying bird in North America," and has captured the attention of Native peoples throughout its history <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. The proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area would span at least a dozen different pre-contact tribal lands, <ref> [https://aimfireriversideca.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/calprecontact.gif California Tribal Communities [Cited March 2021]] </ref> and would encompass several [[Lands_that_could_potentially_be_encompassed_by_the_Range_of_the_Condor_National_Heritage_Area#Tribal_land|current reservations and rancherias]]<ref> [https://www3.epa.gov/region9/air/maps/ca_tribe.html California Tribal Lands [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Archaeologists have found evidence to suggest the use of California Condors during rituals of early peoples in California, and other ceremonies included dancers wearing capes of condor skins and feathers <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Some Native peoples believed condors could "infuse" them with special powers. For example, because of the condor's extraordinary eyesight, some tribes within the [[California Central Coast Region]] believed wearing cloaks of condor feathers would grant them powers to find lost valuables and people <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. In 2018, the [[Esselen Tribe of Monterey County]] received a grant from the [[California Natural Resources Agency]] that allowed them to reclaim a 1,199-acre ranch along the northern slopes of the Little Sur River. This sacred land will be used by tribal members for traditional ceremonies, native plant gatherings, and the repatriation of tribal members. The Esselen Tribe's partnership with the [[Western Rivers Conservancy]] to conserve the native plants and wildlife of the land represents an important natural and cultural conservation success in the [[Central Coast Region]] <ref> [https://www.esselentribe.org/our-land Esselen Tribal Lands Conservation Project [Cited March 2021]] </ref>.<br />
<br />
; [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)]]: The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] manages over 69,000 acres of land in the [[California Central Coast Region]] that would be encompassed by the Range of the Condor NHA. These areas include the [[Big Sandy Ecological Reserve]], the [[Carrizo Plains Ecological Reserve]], and the [[Semitropic Ecological Preserve]]. The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] also manages wildlife on [[U.S. Army]] properties including [[Fort Hunter Liggett]] where hunters and fisherman can purchase an annual permit for $125 to access the property (as of 2021), any harvested animals have a tooth and hair samples taken for age and other biological analysis. There is also a region-wide reporting program in place to report sick or injured animals to the [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]]. Through this program, they are able to keep biological health records of specific animal populations in the area and can track disease spread. This kind of watch program is essential when assisting in the re-establishment of a species population, such as the [[California Condor]]. This partnership with wildlife management on the [[U.S. Army]] lands allows the [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] to have a broader scope of collaboration with varying agencies within the proposed Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other Non-Profit Organizations in California's Central Coast Region|Non-profit organizations]]: <br />
*[[Los Padres Forest Association]]<br />
*[[Ventana Wildlife Society]]<br />
*[[Ventana Wilderness Alliance]]<br />
*[[Condor Trail Association (CTA)|Condor Trail Association]]<br />
<br />
; [[Private Landowners with Conservation Easements]]: Private landowners who seek to partner with the NHA can place a conservation easement on their property and could waive the right to develop or mine their land. Landowner partners would retain the ownership and use of their land. <ref>[https://www.condorrange.org/about.html Range of the Condor - About] </ref> In [[California's Central Coast Region | California's Central Coast region]], a notable example of this form of partnership is the Hearst Ranch Conservation Easement in an agreement with the State of California. <ref>http://www.hearstranch.com/conservation/ Hearst Ranch] </ref><br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
<br />
* [[California Condor]]<br />
* [[Ventana Wildlife Society]]<br />
* [[Maps relating to the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]]<br />
* [[Lands that could potentially be designated for inclusion in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Designated wilderness areas in Calfornia's Central Coast Region]]<br />
* [[Wild and Scenic Rivers in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Range_of_the_Condor_National_Heritage_AreaRange of the Condor National Heritage Area2021-03-29T02:46:42Z<p>Fred: /* Governmental LCE */</p>
<hr />
<div>A [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|organizational summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The [[Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]] (RCNHA) is a proposed new [[National Heritage Area (NHA)]] spanning an [[Maps of the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|area]] defined by the current range of the [[California Condor]].<br />
<br />
This NHA designation would facilitate collaboration between [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|stakeholders (including government agencies and non-governmental organizations)]] for preservation, maintenance, project planning, and other land management duties throughout the area. NHAs also receive advising from the [[National Park Service (NPS)]] on technical and planning issues, as well as limited financial assistance.<br />
<br />
== Vision ==<br />
<br />
The vision for the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area includes all the traditional benefits [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)|NHAs]] confer to a region, in addition to novel assets at this particular area, including:<br />
<br />
* Preservation of habitat, especially for animals significant to the area's heritage like [[California Condor|California Condors]]. <br />
<br />
* Continuity between the Range of the Condor NHA and adjacent protected lands and coastal waters, offering exciting opportunities for research and recreation across uninterrupted wildlands, from the mountains to the sea. <br />
<br />
* Increased public access to land via new and improved trails, educational programs, and more.<br />
<br />
* Bolstered economic activity and jobs, including eco-tourism and new project development, throughout the region. <br />
<br />
* Public education on wildfires, fostering a new public attitude towards fires and fire management.<br />
<br />
* Completion of [[The Condor Trail]], which could be an iconic feature of the NHA and the State of California.<br />
<br />
* Construction of a 'University Trail' running between state universities in Monterey Bay and San Luis Obispo.<br />
<br />
== Management ==<br />
<br />
NHAs across the country differ in their operational structure. The [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]] designation by Congress doesn't dictate a specific organizational hierarchy; only the oversight role of the [[National Park Service]]. Thus, new NHAs can look to existing ones for organizational blueprints, in addition to developing their own system that works locally. Some components of NHAs relevant to the Range of the Condor NHA are listed within the [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas|comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]. A range of goals and missions of all existing NHAs can be found in the [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)|missions, planning, and administration]] section.<br />
<br />
=== Local Coordinating Entities ===<br />
<br />
NHAs are managed by Local Coordinating Entities (LCEs). The LCE can be a [[Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other Non-Profit Organizations in California's Central Coast Region|non-profit organization]] or a non-federal governmental organization. LCE responsibilities include creating the NHA management plan, finding external funding, and overseeing cooperation between partner organizations.<br />
<br />
'''Examples of responsibilities of LCEs managing a NHA'''<ref> [https://www.visittucson.org/visit/about/santa-cruz-valley-national-heritage-area Santa Cruz Valley National Heritage Area [Cited March 2021]] </ref><br />
*Promoting heritage-based tourism within the area<br />
*Developing educational programs based on the historical context of the region <br />
*Restoration and conservation of the Heritage area<br />
*Rehabilitating historic buildings <br />
<br />
==== The Non-Profit LCE option ====<br />
<br />
Most NHAs are managed by non-profit organizations acting as the LCE (see [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]). Examples include:<br />
<br />
* [[Kenai Mountains-Turnagain Arm National Heritage Area|Kenai Mountains-Turnagain Arm NHA]] managed by the [[Kenai Turnagain Arm Communities Association]]<br />
* [[Mountains to Sound Greenway National Heritage Area|Mountains to Sound Greenway NHA]] managed by the [[The Mountains to Sound Greenway Trust]]<br />
* [[Blue Ridge National Heritage Area]] managed by the [[ Blue Ridge National Heritage Area Partnership]]<br />
<br />
If the RCNHA is to be managed by a non-governmental organization, then this role could be played by the existing [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]] or by a new non-profit established specifically to function as the LCE for the RCNHA.<br />
<br />
==== Governmental LCE ====<br />
<br />
Some NHAs are managed by non-federal government organizations acting as the LCE (see [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]). Examples include:<br />
<br />
* [[Mississippi Gulf National Heritage Area|Mississippi Gulf NHA]] managed by [[Mississippi Department of Marine Resources]]<br />
* [[Muscle Shoals National Heritage Area|Muscle Shoals NHA]] managed by the [[University of Alabama]]<br />
* [[Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta National Heritage Area|Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta NHA]] managed by the [[State of California Delta Protection Commission]]<br />
<br />
Note that [[Annotated List of Federal Agencies with Resource Management Responsibilities in California's Central Coast Region|federal organizations]] do not act as LCEs because this is contrary to the intent of having a '''Local''' Coordinating Entity.<br />
<br />
If the RCNHA is be managed by a government organization, then logical choices for the LCE might be [[CDFW]] or [[State Parks]]. [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife|CDFW]] is responsible for managing numerous [[Special Status Species in the Central Coast Region]]. CDFW is also the agency that works with the [[U.S Army]] to manage hunting and fishing on Army bases, such as [[Fort Hunter Liggett]].<br />
<br />
=== Partnerships ===<br />
<br />
NHA creation generally requires cooperation between multiple agencies, which may be established through a [[JPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region|Memorandum of Understanding, Memorandum of Agreement, or a Joint Powers Agreement]]. These agreements would be between the [[NPS]], the local management entities, and the main LCE of the [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]]. <br />
MOU agreements have been used to create other [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]]s in the United States, such as the [[Mormon Pioneer National Heritage Area|Mormon Pioneer NHA]] and the [[Great Basin National Heritage Area|Great Basin NHA]] <ref> [https://www-jstor-org.csumb.idm.oclc.org/stable/10.5406/utahhistquar.88.2.0129?seq=1 From Skepticism to Support: National Heritage Areas in the West [Cited March 2021]] </ref>.<br />
<br />
[[JPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region|JPAs]] are widely used for various purposes in the [[California Central Coast Region]], such as [[California Community Power CCP]] which is a JPA created to combine energy buying power while advancing local and state climate goals. <ref> [https://solarindustrymag.com/eight-california-ccas-partner-to-form-new-joint-powers-authority [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. <br />
<br />
== Operational function ==<br />
<br />
The operational function of the RCNHA could involve:<br />
<br />
* Implementation of the NHA management plan<br />
* Regular meetings among partners<br />
* Public outreach and promotion of the NHA vision<br />
* Procurement of external funding<br />
* Restoration and preservation of habitat<br />
* Planning for increase public access to public land<br />
* Construction of facilities such as trail heads and trails such as the [[Condor Trail]]<br />
* Hosting conferences, workshops, & seminars on condors, land management, wildfire etc.<br />
* Facilitation of research<br />
<br />
== Leadership ==<br />
<br />
The Range of the Condor National Heritage Area is proposed by the [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]] and former Congressman Sam Farr.<br />
<br />
== Key Partners ==<br />
[[File:NHAProposal.png|200px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br />
[[File:ExpansionWithSanctuaries.jpg|300px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
There are many organizations that manage land and wildlife within the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area. These organizations and their potential roles are summarized below, with [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area | further details tabulated in a separate page]].<br />
<br />
; [[National Park Service (NPS)]]: The [[National Park Service (NPS)|NPS]] manages approximately 513,150 acres of land within the proposed area for the Range of the Condor NHA. Parks within this area include [[Pinnacles National Park]], [[Channel Islands National Park]], [[Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI)]], [[Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area]], and [[César E. Chávez National Monument]]. The [[National Park Service (NPS)|NPS]] is also the federal agency in charge of general [[National Heritage Areas|National Heritage Area]] oversight, assisting in funding and helping with cohesive management within the local communities. <br />
<br />
; [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) | Bureau of Land Management (BLM)]]: The [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM)| BLM]] manages over 85,000 acres of habitat conservation areas and other public lands in the [[California's Central Coast Region]], including [[Fort Ord National Monument (FONM)]], [[California Coastal National Monument (CCNM)]], [[Carrizo Plain National Monument]], and [[Clear Creek Management Area (CCMA)]]. The National Monuments and Special Management Areas are located in geographically important habitats for the historic range of the California Condor and as a result, would be valuable corridors within the Range of the Condor NHA. <br />
<br />
; [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)]]: Since 1992, [[USFWS]] has operated the [[California Condor Recovery Program]], which breeds and reintroduces California Condors to the wild. The [[USFWS]] also manages designated critical habitat for the [[California Tiger Salamander in California's Central Coast Region|California Tiger Salamander]], and the Pacific Southwest Region office previously worked with state agencies to create a species recovery plan that started in 2017. The [[USFWS]] also manages the [[National Wildlife Refuge System]], which consists of a total of 26,303 acres out of the seven wildlife refuges in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area. Due to its involvement in the [[California Condor Recovery Program]], and its role in [[Central Coast]] conservation and management, the [[USFWS]] would be a strong partner for the Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[United States Forest Service (USFS)]]: The [[USFS]] manages 4,222,701 acres of National Forest land that are partially located in the proposed area for the Range of the Condor NHA. These forests include [[Los Padres National Forest (LPNF)]], [[Angeles National Forest]], [[San Bernardino National Forest]], and [[Sequoia National Forest]]. The [[USFS]]'s mission is to maintain and improve the health, diversity, and productivity of the nation’s forests and grasslands, and focuses on managing vegetation, restoring ecosystems, reducing hazards, and maintaining forest health <ref>[https://www.fs.fed.us/forestmanagement/ U.S Forest Service [Cited March 2021]]</ref>. As of 2014, 103 California Condors were surveyed in [[Los Padres National Forest (LPNF)|LPNF]] <ref> [https://lpfw.org/our-region/wildlife/california-condor/ Los Padres Forest Watch [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Additionally, within the southern region of [[LPNF]] lies the [[Sespe Condor Sanctuary]] which provides critical protected habitat for the [[California Condor]], making the [[USFS]] an ideal partner for the Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[United States Army lands and activities in California's Central Coast Region | United States Army]]: The Department of Defense's Army Department owns and manages over 223,200 acres of land in the [[California Central Coast Region]] that would potentially fall within the Range of the Condor NHA. This land is primarily used for the training and education of members of the U.S. Army. The Department of Defense and the [[The Conservation Fund]] have partnered to prevent residential encroachment near military boundaries, create buffer projects to preserve habitat, provide supportive education, and assist with regional planning. The [[United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)]] is also the leading federal agency pursuing civil works projects ranging from flood control to ecosystem restoration and has a significant reach and impact on the nation's natural resources and aquatic ecosystems. It oversees thousands of civil works projects and the Clean Water Act 404 Regulatory Program <ref> [https://www.conservationfund.org/our-work/conservation-fund-partnerships/federal-conservation-partnerships/u-s-department-of-defense U.S. Department of Defense. The Conservation Fund. [Cited March 2021]]</ref>. [[United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)| USACE]] may be an organizational partner in coordinating the management of the NHA with the U.S. Army and other agencies. <br />
<br />
; [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]]: [[NOAA]] manages over 7,500 square miles of coastal ocean along the [[California Central Coast]] within the [[Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary]] and [[Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary]]. These marine sanctuaries exemplify the strong connection between California's [[Central Coast]] region and protection of the natural environment, and they generate large amounts of tourism and recreational revenue by drawing interest to the beauty of this region. [[NOAA]] conducts large-scale research and monitoring programs along the coast, and collaborates with many [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|local research institutions and organizations]] to promote environmental stewardship and future resiliency. The NOAA [[National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)]] also manages commercial and recreational fisheries within the [[Central Coast]] region and is responsible for issuing permits related to the [[Endangered Species Act]]. [[NMFS]] coordinates with [[Regional Fishery Management Councils]] and other local partners, funds fisheries research, and provides jobs to many coastal-dependent communities. California Condors rely on healthy coastal ecosystems to provide the carrion of marine mammals such as whales and sea lions that wash up on the beaches of the [[Central Coast Region]].<ref>https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/California_Condor/lifehistory</ref><br />
<br />
; [[Native Americans in California's Central Coast Region|Native American Tribes]]: The [[California Condor]] has been an important symbol for Native Americans that represents the wilderness heritage of the [[Central Coast Region]]. It has been regarded as the "most impressive and majestic flying bird in North America," and has captured the attention of Native peoples throughout its history <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. The proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area would span at least a dozen different pre-contact tribal lands, <ref> [https://aimfireriversideca.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/calprecontact.gif California Tribal Communities [Cited March 2021]] </ref> and would encompass several [[Lands_that_could_potentially_be_encompassed_by_the_Range_of_the_Condor_National_Heritage_Area#Tribal_land|current reservations and rancherias]]<ref> [https://www3.epa.gov/region9/air/maps/ca_tribe.html California Tribal Lands [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Archaeologists have found evidence to suggest the use of California Condors during rituals of early peoples in California, and other ceremonies included dancers wearing capes of condor skins and feathers <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Some Native peoples believed condors could "infuse" them with special powers. For example, because of the condor's extraordinary eyesight, some tribes within the [[California Central Coast Region]] believed wearing cloaks of condor feathers would grant them powers to find lost valuables and people <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. In 2018, the [[Esselen Tribe of Monterey County]] received a grant from the [[California Natural Resources Agency]] that allowed them to reclaim a 1,199-acre ranch along the northern slopes of the Little Sur River. This sacred land will be used by tribal members for traditional ceremonies, native plant gatherings, and the repatriation of tribal members. The Esselen Tribe's partnership with the [[Western Rivers Conservancy]] to conserve the native plants and wildlife of the land represents an important natural and cultural conservation success in the [[Central Coast Region]] <ref> [https://www.esselentribe.org/our-land Esselen Tribal Lands Conservation Project [Cited March 2021]] </ref>.<br />
<br />
; [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)]]: The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] manages over 69,000 acres of land in the [[California Central Coast Region]] that would be encompassed by the Range of the Condor NHA. These areas include the [[Big Sandy Ecological Reserve]], the [[Carrizo Plains Ecological Reserve]], and the [[Semitropic Ecological Preserve]]. The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] also manages wildlife on [[U.S. Army]] properties including [[Fort Hunter Liggett]] where hunters and fisherman can purchase an annual permit for $125 to access the property (as of 2021), any harvested animals have a tooth and hair samples taken for age and other biological analysis. There is also a region-wide reporting program in place to report sick or injured animals to the [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]]. Through this program, they are able to keep biological health records of specific animal populations in the area and can track disease spread. This kind of watch program is essential when assisting in the re-establishment of a species population, such as the [[California Condor]]. This partnership with wildlife management on the [[U.S. Army]] lands allows the [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] to have a broader scope of collaboration with varying agencies within the proposed Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other Non-Profit Organizations in California's Central Coast Region|Non-profit organizations]]: <br />
*[[Los Padres Forest Association]]<br />
*[[Ventana Wildlife Society]]<br />
*[[Ventana Wilderness Alliance]]<br />
*[[Condor Trail Association (CTA)|Condor Trail Association]]<br />
<br />
; [[Private Landowners with Conservation Easements]]: Private landowners who seek to partner with the NHA can place a conservation easement on their property and could waive the right to develop or mine their land. Landowner partners would retain the ownership and use of their land. <ref>[https://www.condorrange.org/about.html Range of the Condor - About] </ref> In [[California's Central Coast Region | California's Central Coast region]], a notable example of this form of partnership is the Hearst Ranch Conservation Easement in an agreement with the State of California. <ref>http://www.hearstranch.com/conservation/ Hearst Ranch] </ref><br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
<br />
* [[California Condor]]<br />
* [[Ventana Wildlife Society]]<br />
* [[Maps relating to the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]]<br />
* [[Lands that could potentially be designated for inclusion in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Designated wilderness areas in Calfornia's Central Coast Region]]<br />
* [[Wild and Scenic Rivers in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Range_of_the_Condor_National_Heritage_AreaRange of the Condor National Heritage Area2021-03-29T02:46:07Z<p>Fred: /* The Non-Profit LCE option */</p>
<hr />
<div>A [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|organizational summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The [[Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]] (RCNHA) is a proposed new [[National Heritage Area (NHA)]] spanning an [[Maps of the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|area]] defined by the current range of the [[California Condor]].<br />
<br />
This NHA designation would facilitate collaboration between [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|stakeholders (including government agencies and non-governmental organizations)]] for preservation, maintenance, project planning, and other land management duties throughout the area. NHAs also receive advising from the [[National Park Service (NPS)]] on technical and planning issues, as well as limited financial assistance.<br />
<br />
== Vision ==<br />
<br />
The vision for the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area includes all the traditional benefits [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)|NHAs]] confer to a region, in addition to novel assets at this particular area, including:<br />
<br />
* Preservation of habitat, especially for animals significant to the area's heritage like [[California Condor|California Condors]]. <br />
<br />
* Continuity between the Range of the Condor NHA and adjacent protected lands and coastal waters, offering exciting opportunities for research and recreation across uninterrupted wildlands, from the mountains to the sea. <br />
<br />
* Increased public access to land via new and improved trails, educational programs, and more.<br />
<br />
* Bolstered economic activity and jobs, including eco-tourism and new project development, throughout the region. <br />
<br />
* Public education on wildfires, fostering a new public attitude towards fires and fire management.<br />
<br />
* Completion of [[The Condor Trail]], which could be an iconic feature of the NHA and the State of California.<br />
<br />
* Construction of a 'University Trail' running between state universities in Monterey Bay and San Luis Obispo.<br />
<br />
== Management ==<br />
<br />
NHAs across the country differ in their operational structure. The [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]] designation by Congress doesn't dictate a specific organizational hierarchy; only the oversight role of the [[National Park Service]]. Thus, new NHAs can look to existing ones for organizational blueprints, in addition to developing their own system that works locally. Some components of NHAs relevant to the Range of the Condor NHA are listed within the [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas|comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]. A range of goals and missions of all existing NHAs can be found in the [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)|missions, planning, and administration]] section.<br />
<br />
=== Local Coordinating Entities ===<br />
<br />
NHAs are managed by Local Coordinating Entities (LCEs). The LCE can be a [[Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other Non-Profit Organizations in California's Central Coast Region|non-profit organization]] or a non-federal governmental organization. LCE responsibilities include creating the NHA management plan, finding external funding, and overseeing cooperation between partner organizations.<br />
<br />
'''Examples of responsibilities of LCEs managing a NHA'''<ref> [https://www.visittucson.org/visit/about/santa-cruz-valley-national-heritage-area Santa Cruz Valley National Heritage Area [Cited March 2021]] </ref><br />
*Promoting heritage-based tourism within the area<br />
*Developing educational programs based on the historical context of the region <br />
*Restoration and conservation of the Heritage area<br />
*Rehabilitating historic buildings <br />
<br />
==== The Non-Profit LCE option ====<br />
<br />
Most NHAs are managed by non-profit organizations acting as the LCE (see [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]). Examples include:<br />
<br />
* [[Kenai Mountains-Turnagain Arm National Heritage Area|Kenai Mountains-Turnagain Arm NHA]] managed by the [[Kenai Turnagain Arm Communities Association]]<br />
* [[Mountains to Sound Greenway National Heritage Area|Mountains to Sound Greenway NHA]] managed by the [[The Mountains to Sound Greenway Trust]]<br />
* [[Blue Ridge National Heritage Area]] managed by the [[ Blue Ridge National Heritage Area Partnership]]<br />
<br />
If the RCNHA is to be managed by a non-governmental organization, then this role could be played by the existing [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]] or by a new non-profit established specifically to function as the LCE for the RCNHA.<br />
<br />
==== Governmental LCE ====<br />
<br />
Some NHAs are managed by non-federal government organizations acting as the LCE (see [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]). Examples include:<br />
<br />
* [[Mississippi Gulf National Heritage Area|Mississippi Gulf NHA]] managed by [[Mississippi Department of Marine Resources]]<br />
* [[Muscle Shoals National Heritage Area|Muscle Shoals NHA]] managed by the [[University of Alabama]]<br />
* [[Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta National Heritage Area|Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta NHA]] managed by the [[State of California Delta Protection Commission]]<br />
<br />
Note that [[Annotated List of Federal Agencies with Resource Management Responsibilities in California's Central Coast Region|federal organizations]] do not act as LCEs because this is contrary to the intent of having a '''Local''' Coordinating Entity.<br />
<br />
If the RCNHA is be managed by a government organization, then logical choices for the LCE might be [[CDFW]] or [[State Parks]]. The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife|CDFW]] is responsible for managing numerous [[Special Status Species in the Central Coast Region]]. The CDFW is also the agency that works with the [[U.S Army]] to manage hunting and fishing on Army bases, such as [[Fort Hunter Liggett]].<br />
<br />
=== Partnerships ===<br />
<br />
NHA creation generally requires cooperation between multiple agencies, which may be established through a [[JPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region|Memorandum of Understanding, Memorandum of Agreement, or a Joint Powers Agreement]]. These agreements would be between the [[NPS]], the local management entities, and the main LCE of the [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]]. <br />
MOU agreements have been used to create other [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]]s in the United States, such as the [[Mormon Pioneer National Heritage Area|Mormon Pioneer NHA]] and the [[Great Basin National Heritage Area|Great Basin NHA]] <ref> [https://www-jstor-org.csumb.idm.oclc.org/stable/10.5406/utahhistquar.88.2.0129?seq=1 From Skepticism to Support: National Heritage Areas in the West [Cited March 2021]] </ref>.<br />
<br />
[[JPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region|JPAs]] are widely used for various purposes in the [[California Central Coast Region]], such as [[California Community Power CCP]] which is a JPA created to combine energy buying power while advancing local and state climate goals. <ref> [https://solarindustrymag.com/eight-california-ccas-partner-to-form-new-joint-powers-authority [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. <br />
<br />
== Operational function ==<br />
<br />
The operational function of the RCNHA could involve:<br />
<br />
* Implementation of the NHA management plan<br />
* Regular meetings among partners<br />
* Public outreach and promotion of the NHA vision<br />
* Procurement of external funding<br />
* Restoration and preservation of habitat<br />
* Planning for increase public access to public land<br />
* Construction of facilities such as trail heads and trails such as the [[Condor Trail]]<br />
* Hosting conferences, workshops, & seminars on condors, land management, wildfire etc.<br />
* Facilitation of research<br />
<br />
== Leadership ==<br />
<br />
The Range of the Condor National Heritage Area is proposed by the [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]] and former Congressman Sam Farr.<br />
<br />
== Key Partners ==<br />
[[File:NHAProposal.png|200px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br />
[[File:ExpansionWithSanctuaries.jpg|300px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
There are many organizations that manage land and wildlife within the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area. These organizations and their potential roles are summarized below, with [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area | further details tabulated in a separate page]].<br />
<br />
; [[National Park Service (NPS)]]: The [[National Park Service (NPS)|NPS]] manages approximately 513,150 acres of land within the proposed area for the Range of the Condor NHA. Parks within this area include [[Pinnacles National Park]], [[Channel Islands National Park]], [[Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI)]], [[Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area]], and [[César E. Chávez National Monument]]. The [[National Park Service (NPS)|NPS]] is also the federal agency in charge of general [[National Heritage Areas|National Heritage Area]] oversight, assisting in funding and helping with cohesive management within the local communities. <br />
<br />
; [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) | Bureau of Land Management (BLM)]]: The [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM)| BLM]] manages over 85,000 acres of habitat conservation areas and other public lands in the [[California's Central Coast Region]], including [[Fort Ord National Monument (FONM)]], [[California Coastal National Monument (CCNM)]], [[Carrizo Plain National Monument]], and [[Clear Creek Management Area (CCMA)]]. The National Monuments and Special Management Areas are located in geographically important habitats for the historic range of the California Condor and as a result, would be valuable corridors within the Range of the Condor NHA. <br />
<br />
; [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)]]: Since 1992, [[USFWS]] has operated the [[California Condor Recovery Program]], which breeds and reintroduces California Condors to the wild. The [[USFWS]] also manages designated critical habitat for the [[California Tiger Salamander in California's Central Coast Region|California Tiger Salamander]], and the Pacific Southwest Region office previously worked with state agencies to create a species recovery plan that started in 2017. The [[USFWS]] also manages the [[National Wildlife Refuge System]], which consists of a total of 26,303 acres out of the seven wildlife refuges in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area. Due to its involvement in the [[California Condor Recovery Program]], and its role in [[Central Coast]] conservation and management, the [[USFWS]] would be a strong partner for the Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[United States Forest Service (USFS)]]: The [[USFS]] manages 4,222,701 acres of National Forest land that are partially located in the proposed area for the Range of the Condor NHA. These forests include [[Los Padres National Forest (LPNF)]], [[Angeles National Forest]], [[San Bernardino National Forest]], and [[Sequoia National Forest]]. The [[USFS]]'s mission is to maintain and improve the health, diversity, and productivity of the nation’s forests and grasslands, and focuses on managing vegetation, restoring ecosystems, reducing hazards, and maintaining forest health <ref>[https://www.fs.fed.us/forestmanagement/ U.S Forest Service [Cited March 2021]]</ref>. As of 2014, 103 California Condors were surveyed in [[Los Padres National Forest (LPNF)|LPNF]] <ref> [https://lpfw.org/our-region/wildlife/california-condor/ Los Padres Forest Watch [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Additionally, within the southern region of [[LPNF]] lies the [[Sespe Condor Sanctuary]] which provides critical protected habitat for the [[California Condor]], making the [[USFS]] an ideal partner for the Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[United States Army lands and activities in California's Central Coast Region | United States Army]]: The Department of Defense's Army Department owns and manages over 223,200 acres of land in the [[California Central Coast Region]] that would potentially fall within the Range of the Condor NHA. This land is primarily used for the training and education of members of the U.S. Army. The Department of Defense and the [[The Conservation Fund]] have partnered to prevent residential encroachment near military boundaries, create buffer projects to preserve habitat, provide supportive education, and assist with regional planning. The [[United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)]] is also the leading federal agency pursuing civil works projects ranging from flood control to ecosystem restoration and has a significant reach and impact on the nation's natural resources and aquatic ecosystems. It oversees thousands of civil works projects and the Clean Water Act 404 Regulatory Program <ref> [https://www.conservationfund.org/our-work/conservation-fund-partnerships/federal-conservation-partnerships/u-s-department-of-defense U.S. Department of Defense. The Conservation Fund. [Cited March 2021]]</ref>. [[United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)| USACE]] may be an organizational partner in coordinating the management of the NHA with the U.S. Army and other agencies. <br />
<br />
; [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]]: [[NOAA]] manages over 7,500 square miles of coastal ocean along the [[California Central Coast]] within the [[Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary]] and [[Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary]]. These marine sanctuaries exemplify the strong connection between California's [[Central Coast]] region and protection of the natural environment, and they generate large amounts of tourism and recreational revenue by drawing interest to the beauty of this region. [[NOAA]] conducts large-scale research and monitoring programs along the coast, and collaborates with many [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|local research institutions and organizations]] to promote environmental stewardship and future resiliency. The NOAA [[National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)]] also manages commercial and recreational fisheries within the [[Central Coast]] region and is responsible for issuing permits related to the [[Endangered Species Act]]. [[NMFS]] coordinates with [[Regional Fishery Management Councils]] and other local partners, funds fisheries research, and provides jobs to many coastal-dependent communities. California Condors rely on healthy coastal ecosystems to provide the carrion of marine mammals such as whales and sea lions that wash up on the beaches of the [[Central Coast Region]].<ref>https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/California_Condor/lifehistory</ref><br />
<br />
; [[Native Americans in California's Central Coast Region|Native American Tribes]]: The [[California Condor]] has been an important symbol for Native Americans that represents the wilderness heritage of the [[Central Coast Region]]. It has been regarded as the "most impressive and majestic flying bird in North America," and has captured the attention of Native peoples throughout its history <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. The proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area would span at least a dozen different pre-contact tribal lands, <ref> [https://aimfireriversideca.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/calprecontact.gif California Tribal Communities [Cited March 2021]] </ref> and would encompass several [[Lands_that_could_potentially_be_encompassed_by_the_Range_of_the_Condor_National_Heritage_Area#Tribal_land|current reservations and rancherias]]<ref> [https://www3.epa.gov/region9/air/maps/ca_tribe.html California Tribal Lands [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Archaeologists have found evidence to suggest the use of California Condors during rituals of early peoples in California, and other ceremonies included dancers wearing capes of condor skins and feathers <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Some Native peoples believed condors could "infuse" them with special powers. For example, because of the condor's extraordinary eyesight, some tribes within the [[California Central Coast Region]] believed wearing cloaks of condor feathers would grant them powers to find lost valuables and people <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. In 2018, the [[Esselen Tribe of Monterey County]] received a grant from the [[California Natural Resources Agency]] that allowed them to reclaim a 1,199-acre ranch along the northern slopes of the Little Sur River. This sacred land will be used by tribal members for traditional ceremonies, native plant gatherings, and the repatriation of tribal members. The Esselen Tribe's partnership with the [[Western Rivers Conservancy]] to conserve the native plants and wildlife of the land represents an important natural and cultural conservation success in the [[Central Coast Region]] <ref> [https://www.esselentribe.org/our-land Esselen Tribal Lands Conservation Project [Cited March 2021]] </ref>.<br />
<br />
; [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)]]: The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] manages over 69,000 acres of land in the [[California Central Coast Region]] that would be encompassed by the Range of the Condor NHA. These areas include the [[Big Sandy Ecological Reserve]], the [[Carrizo Plains Ecological Reserve]], and the [[Semitropic Ecological Preserve]]. The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] also manages wildlife on [[U.S. Army]] properties including [[Fort Hunter Liggett]] where hunters and fisherman can purchase an annual permit for $125 to access the property (as of 2021), any harvested animals have a tooth and hair samples taken for age and other biological analysis. There is also a region-wide reporting program in place to report sick or injured animals to the [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]]. Through this program, they are able to keep biological health records of specific animal populations in the area and can track disease spread. This kind of watch program is essential when assisting in the re-establishment of a species population, such as the [[California Condor]]. This partnership with wildlife management on the [[U.S. Army]] lands allows the [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] to have a broader scope of collaboration with varying agencies within the proposed Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other Non-Profit Organizations in California's Central Coast Region|Non-profit organizations]]: <br />
*[[Los Padres Forest Association]]<br />
*[[Ventana Wildlife Society]]<br />
*[[Ventana Wilderness Alliance]]<br />
*[[Condor Trail Association (CTA)|Condor Trail Association]]<br />
<br />
; [[Private Landowners with Conservation Easements]]: Private landowners who seek to partner with the NHA can place a conservation easement on their property and could waive the right to develop or mine their land. Landowner partners would retain the ownership and use of their land. <ref>[https://www.condorrange.org/about.html Range of the Condor - About] </ref> In [[California's Central Coast Region | California's Central Coast region]], a notable example of this form of partnership is the Hearst Ranch Conservation Easement in an agreement with the State of California. <ref>http://www.hearstranch.com/conservation/ Hearst Ranch] </ref><br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
<br />
* [[California Condor]]<br />
* [[Ventana Wildlife Society]]<br />
* [[Maps relating to the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]]<br />
* [[Lands that could potentially be designated for inclusion in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Designated wilderness areas in Calfornia's Central Coast Region]]<br />
* [[Wild and Scenic Rivers in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Range_of_the_Condor_National_Heritage_AreaRange of the Condor National Heritage Area2021-03-29T02:45:52Z<p>Fred: /* The Non-Profit LCE option */</p>
<hr />
<div>A [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|organizational summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The [[Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]] (RCNHA) is a proposed new [[National Heritage Area (NHA)]] spanning an [[Maps of the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|area]] defined by the current range of the [[California Condor]].<br />
<br />
This NHA designation would facilitate collaboration between [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|stakeholders (including government agencies and non-governmental organizations)]] for preservation, maintenance, project planning, and other land management duties throughout the area. NHAs also receive advising from the [[National Park Service (NPS)]] on technical and planning issues, as well as limited financial assistance.<br />
<br />
== Vision ==<br />
<br />
The vision for the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area includes all the traditional benefits [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)|NHAs]] confer to a region, in addition to novel assets at this particular area, including:<br />
<br />
* Preservation of habitat, especially for animals significant to the area's heritage like [[California Condor|California Condors]]. <br />
<br />
* Continuity between the Range of the Condor NHA and adjacent protected lands and coastal waters, offering exciting opportunities for research and recreation across uninterrupted wildlands, from the mountains to the sea. <br />
<br />
* Increased public access to land via new and improved trails, educational programs, and more.<br />
<br />
* Bolstered economic activity and jobs, including eco-tourism and new project development, throughout the region. <br />
<br />
* Public education on wildfires, fostering a new public attitude towards fires and fire management.<br />
<br />
* Completion of [[The Condor Trail]], which could be an iconic feature of the NHA and the State of California.<br />
<br />
* Construction of a 'University Trail' running between state universities in Monterey Bay and San Luis Obispo.<br />
<br />
== Management ==<br />
<br />
NHAs across the country differ in their operational structure. The [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]] designation by Congress doesn't dictate a specific organizational hierarchy; only the oversight role of the [[National Park Service]]. Thus, new NHAs can look to existing ones for organizational blueprints, in addition to developing their own system that works locally. Some components of NHAs relevant to the Range of the Condor NHA are listed within the [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas|comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]. A range of goals and missions of all existing NHAs can be found in the [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)|missions, planning, and administration]] section.<br />
<br />
=== Local Coordinating Entities ===<br />
<br />
NHAs are managed by Local Coordinating Entities (LCEs). The LCE can be a [[Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other Non-Profit Organizations in California's Central Coast Region|non-profit organization]] or a non-federal governmental organization. LCE responsibilities include creating the NHA management plan, finding external funding, and overseeing cooperation between partner organizations.<br />
<br />
'''Examples of responsibilities of LCEs managing a NHA'''<ref> [https://www.visittucson.org/visit/about/santa-cruz-valley-national-heritage-area Santa Cruz Valley National Heritage Area [Cited March 2021]] </ref><br />
*Promoting heritage-based tourism within the area<br />
*Developing educational programs based on the historical context of the region <br />
*Restoration and conservation of the Heritage area<br />
*Rehabilitating historic buildings <br />
<br />
==== The Non-Profit LCE option ====<br />
<br />
Most NHAs are managed by non-profit organizations acting as the LCE (see [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]). Examples include:<br />
<br />
* [[Kenai Mountains-Turnagain Arm National Heritage Area|Kenai Mountains-Turnagain Arm NHA]] managed by the [[Kenai Turnagain Arm Communities Association]]<br />
* [[Mountains to Sound Greenway National Heritage Area|Mountains to Sound Greenway NHA]] managed by the [[The Mountains to Sound Greenway Trust]]<br />
* [[Blue Ridge National Heritage Area]] managed by the [[ Blue Ridge National Heritage Area Partnership]]<br />
<br />
If the RCNHA is to be managed by a non-governmental organization, then this role could be played by the existing [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]] or by a new non-profit setup specifically to function as the LCE for the RCNHA.<br />
<br />
==== Governmental LCE ====<br />
<br />
Some NHAs are managed by non-federal government organizations acting as the LCE (see [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]). Examples include:<br />
<br />
* [[Mississippi Gulf National Heritage Area|Mississippi Gulf NHA]] managed by [[Mississippi Department of Marine Resources]]<br />
* [[Muscle Shoals National Heritage Area|Muscle Shoals NHA]] managed by the [[University of Alabama]]<br />
* [[Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta National Heritage Area|Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta NHA]] managed by the [[State of California Delta Protection Commission]]<br />
<br />
Note that [[Annotated List of Federal Agencies with Resource Management Responsibilities in California's Central Coast Region|federal organizations]] do not act as LCEs because this is contrary to the intent of having a '''Local''' Coordinating Entity.<br />
<br />
If the RCNHA is be managed by a government organization, then logical choices for the LCE might be [[CDFW]] or [[State Parks]]. The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife|CDFW]] is responsible for managing numerous [[Special Status Species in the Central Coast Region]]. The CDFW is also the agency that works with the [[U.S Army]] to manage hunting and fishing on Army bases, such as [[Fort Hunter Liggett]].<br />
<br />
=== Partnerships ===<br />
<br />
NHA creation generally requires cooperation between multiple agencies, which may be established through a [[JPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region|Memorandum of Understanding, Memorandum of Agreement, or a Joint Powers Agreement]]. These agreements would be between the [[NPS]], the local management entities, and the main LCE of the [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]]. <br />
MOU agreements have been used to create other [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]]s in the United States, such as the [[Mormon Pioneer National Heritage Area|Mormon Pioneer NHA]] and the [[Great Basin National Heritage Area|Great Basin NHA]] <ref> [https://www-jstor-org.csumb.idm.oclc.org/stable/10.5406/utahhistquar.88.2.0129?seq=1 From Skepticism to Support: National Heritage Areas in the West [Cited March 2021]] </ref>.<br />
<br />
[[JPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region|JPAs]] are widely used for various purposes in the [[California Central Coast Region]], such as [[California Community Power CCP]] which is a JPA created to combine energy buying power while advancing local and state climate goals. <ref> [https://solarindustrymag.com/eight-california-ccas-partner-to-form-new-joint-powers-authority [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. <br />
<br />
== Operational function ==<br />
<br />
The operational function of the RCNHA could involve:<br />
<br />
* Implementation of the NHA management plan<br />
* Regular meetings among partners<br />
* Public outreach and promotion of the NHA vision<br />
* Procurement of external funding<br />
* Restoration and preservation of habitat<br />
* Planning for increase public access to public land<br />
* Construction of facilities such as trail heads and trails such as the [[Condor Trail]]<br />
* Hosting conferences, workshops, & seminars on condors, land management, wildfire etc.<br />
* Facilitation of research<br />
<br />
== Leadership ==<br />
<br />
The Range of the Condor National Heritage Area is proposed by the [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]] and former Congressman Sam Farr.<br />
<br />
== Key Partners ==<br />
[[File:NHAProposal.png|200px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br />
[[File:ExpansionWithSanctuaries.jpg|300px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
There are many organizations that manage land and wildlife within the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area. These organizations and their potential roles are summarized below, with [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area | further details tabulated in a separate page]].<br />
<br />
; [[National Park Service (NPS)]]: The [[National Park Service (NPS)|NPS]] manages approximately 513,150 acres of land within the proposed area for the Range of the Condor NHA. Parks within this area include [[Pinnacles National Park]], [[Channel Islands National Park]], [[Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI)]], [[Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area]], and [[César E. Chávez National Monument]]. The [[National Park Service (NPS)|NPS]] is also the federal agency in charge of general [[National Heritage Areas|National Heritage Area]] oversight, assisting in funding and helping with cohesive management within the local communities. <br />
<br />
; [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) | Bureau of Land Management (BLM)]]: The [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM)| BLM]] manages over 85,000 acres of habitat conservation areas and other public lands in the [[California's Central Coast Region]], including [[Fort Ord National Monument (FONM)]], [[California Coastal National Monument (CCNM)]], [[Carrizo Plain National Monument]], and [[Clear Creek Management Area (CCMA)]]. The National Monuments and Special Management Areas are located in geographically important habitats for the historic range of the California Condor and as a result, would be valuable corridors within the Range of the Condor NHA. <br />
<br />
; [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)]]: Since 1992, [[USFWS]] has operated the [[California Condor Recovery Program]], which breeds and reintroduces California Condors to the wild. The [[USFWS]] also manages designated critical habitat for the [[California Tiger Salamander in California's Central Coast Region|California Tiger Salamander]], and the Pacific Southwest Region office previously worked with state agencies to create a species recovery plan that started in 2017. The [[USFWS]] also manages the [[National Wildlife Refuge System]], which consists of a total of 26,303 acres out of the seven wildlife refuges in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area. Due to its involvement in the [[California Condor Recovery Program]], and its role in [[Central Coast]] conservation and management, the [[USFWS]] would be a strong partner for the Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[United States Forest Service (USFS)]]: The [[USFS]] manages 4,222,701 acres of National Forest land that are partially located in the proposed area for the Range of the Condor NHA. These forests include [[Los Padres National Forest (LPNF)]], [[Angeles National Forest]], [[San Bernardino National Forest]], and [[Sequoia National Forest]]. The [[USFS]]'s mission is to maintain and improve the health, diversity, and productivity of the nation’s forests and grasslands, and focuses on managing vegetation, restoring ecosystems, reducing hazards, and maintaining forest health <ref>[https://www.fs.fed.us/forestmanagement/ U.S Forest Service [Cited March 2021]]</ref>. As of 2014, 103 California Condors were surveyed in [[Los Padres National Forest (LPNF)|LPNF]] <ref> [https://lpfw.org/our-region/wildlife/california-condor/ Los Padres Forest Watch [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Additionally, within the southern region of [[LPNF]] lies the [[Sespe Condor Sanctuary]] which provides critical protected habitat for the [[California Condor]], making the [[USFS]] an ideal partner for the Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[United States Army lands and activities in California's Central Coast Region | United States Army]]: The Department of Defense's Army Department owns and manages over 223,200 acres of land in the [[California Central Coast Region]] that would potentially fall within the Range of the Condor NHA. This land is primarily used for the training and education of members of the U.S. Army. The Department of Defense and the [[The Conservation Fund]] have partnered to prevent residential encroachment near military boundaries, create buffer projects to preserve habitat, provide supportive education, and assist with regional planning. The [[United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)]] is also the leading federal agency pursuing civil works projects ranging from flood control to ecosystem restoration and has a significant reach and impact on the nation's natural resources and aquatic ecosystems. It oversees thousands of civil works projects and the Clean Water Act 404 Regulatory Program <ref> [https://www.conservationfund.org/our-work/conservation-fund-partnerships/federal-conservation-partnerships/u-s-department-of-defense U.S. Department of Defense. The Conservation Fund. [Cited March 2021]]</ref>. [[United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)| USACE]] may be an organizational partner in coordinating the management of the NHA with the U.S. Army and other agencies. <br />
<br />
; [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]]: [[NOAA]] manages over 7,500 square miles of coastal ocean along the [[California Central Coast]] within the [[Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary]] and [[Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary]]. These marine sanctuaries exemplify the strong connection between California's [[Central Coast]] region and protection of the natural environment, and they generate large amounts of tourism and recreational revenue by drawing interest to the beauty of this region. [[NOAA]] conducts large-scale research and monitoring programs along the coast, and collaborates with many [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|local research institutions and organizations]] to promote environmental stewardship and future resiliency. The NOAA [[National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)]] also manages commercial and recreational fisheries within the [[Central Coast]] region and is responsible for issuing permits related to the [[Endangered Species Act]]. [[NMFS]] coordinates with [[Regional Fishery Management Councils]] and other local partners, funds fisheries research, and provides jobs to many coastal-dependent communities. California Condors rely on healthy coastal ecosystems to provide the carrion of marine mammals such as whales and sea lions that wash up on the beaches of the [[Central Coast Region]].<ref>https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/California_Condor/lifehistory</ref><br />
<br />
; [[Native Americans in California's Central Coast Region|Native American Tribes]]: The [[California Condor]] has been an important symbol for Native Americans that represents the wilderness heritage of the [[Central Coast Region]]. It has been regarded as the "most impressive and majestic flying bird in North America," and has captured the attention of Native peoples throughout its history <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. The proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area would span at least a dozen different pre-contact tribal lands, <ref> [https://aimfireriversideca.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/calprecontact.gif California Tribal Communities [Cited March 2021]] </ref> and would encompass several [[Lands_that_could_potentially_be_encompassed_by_the_Range_of_the_Condor_National_Heritage_Area#Tribal_land|current reservations and rancherias]]<ref> [https://www3.epa.gov/region9/air/maps/ca_tribe.html California Tribal Lands [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Archaeologists have found evidence to suggest the use of California Condors during rituals of early peoples in California, and other ceremonies included dancers wearing capes of condor skins and feathers <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Some Native peoples believed condors could "infuse" them with special powers. For example, because of the condor's extraordinary eyesight, some tribes within the [[California Central Coast Region]] believed wearing cloaks of condor feathers would grant them powers to find lost valuables and people <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. In 2018, the [[Esselen Tribe of Monterey County]] received a grant from the [[California Natural Resources Agency]] that allowed them to reclaim a 1,199-acre ranch along the northern slopes of the Little Sur River. This sacred land will be used by tribal members for traditional ceremonies, native plant gatherings, and the repatriation of tribal members. The Esselen Tribe's partnership with the [[Western Rivers Conservancy]] to conserve the native plants and wildlife of the land represents an important natural and cultural conservation success in the [[Central Coast Region]] <ref> [https://www.esselentribe.org/our-land Esselen Tribal Lands Conservation Project [Cited March 2021]] </ref>.<br />
<br />
; [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)]]: The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] manages over 69,000 acres of land in the [[California Central Coast Region]] that would be encompassed by the Range of the Condor NHA. These areas include the [[Big Sandy Ecological Reserve]], the [[Carrizo Plains Ecological Reserve]], and the [[Semitropic Ecological Preserve]]. The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] also manages wildlife on [[U.S. Army]] properties including [[Fort Hunter Liggett]] where hunters and fisherman can purchase an annual permit for $125 to access the property (as of 2021), any harvested animals have a tooth and hair samples taken for age and other biological analysis. There is also a region-wide reporting program in place to report sick or injured animals to the [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]]. Through this program, they are able to keep biological health records of specific animal populations in the area and can track disease spread. This kind of watch program is essential when assisting in the re-establishment of a species population, such as the [[California Condor]]. This partnership with wildlife management on the [[U.S. Army]] lands allows the [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] to have a broader scope of collaboration with varying agencies within the proposed Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other Non-Profit Organizations in California's Central Coast Region|Non-profit organizations]]: <br />
*[[Los Padres Forest Association]]<br />
*[[Ventana Wildlife Society]]<br />
*[[Ventana Wilderness Alliance]]<br />
*[[Condor Trail Association (CTA)|Condor Trail Association]]<br />
<br />
; [[Private Landowners with Conservation Easements]]: Private landowners who seek to partner with the NHA can place a conservation easement on their property and could waive the right to develop or mine their land. Landowner partners would retain the ownership and use of their land. <ref>[https://www.condorrange.org/about.html Range of the Condor - About] </ref> In [[California's Central Coast Region | California's Central Coast region]], a notable example of this form of partnership is the Hearst Ranch Conservation Easement in an agreement with the State of California. <ref>http://www.hearstranch.com/conservation/ Hearst Ranch] </ref><br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
<br />
* [[California Condor]]<br />
* [[Ventana Wildlife Society]]<br />
* [[Maps relating to the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]]<br />
* [[Lands that could potentially be designated for inclusion in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Designated wilderness areas in Calfornia's Central Coast Region]]<br />
* [[Wild and Scenic Rivers in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Range_of_the_Condor_National_Heritage_AreaRange of the Condor National Heritage Area2021-03-29T02:44:12Z<p>Fred: /* Local Coordinating Entities */</p>
<hr />
<div>A [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|organizational summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The [[Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]] (RCNHA) is a proposed new [[National Heritage Area (NHA)]] spanning an [[Maps of the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|area]] defined by the current range of the [[California Condor]].<br />
<br />
This NHA designation would facilitate collaboration between [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|stakeholders (including government agencies and non-governmental organizations)]] for preservation, maintenance, project planning, and other land management duties throughout the area. NHAs also receive advising from the [[National Park Service (NPS)]] on technical and planning issues, as well as limited financial assistance.<br />
<br />
== Vision ==<br />
<br />
The vision for the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area includes all the traditional benefits [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)|NHAs]] confer to a region, in addition to novel assets at this particular area, including:<br />
<br />
* Preservation of habitat, especially for animals significant to the area's heritage like [[California Condor|California Condors]]. <br />
<br />
* Continuity between the Range of the Condor NHA and adjacent protected lands and coastal waters, offering exciting opportunities for research and recreation across uninterrupted wildlands, from the mountains to the sea. <br />
<br />
* Increased public access to land via new and improved trails, educational programs, and more.<br />
<br />
* Bolstered economic activity and jobs, including eco-tourism and new project development, throughout the region. <br />
<br />
* Public education on wildfires, fostering a new public attitude towards fires and fire management.<br />
<br />
* Completion of [[The Condor Trail]], which could be an iconic feature of the NHA and the State of California.<br />
<br />
* Construction of a 'University Trail' running between state universities in Monterey Bay and San Luis Obispo.<br />
<br />
== Management ==<br />
<br />
NHAs across the country differ in their operational structure. The [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]] designation by Congress doesn't dictate a specific organizational hierarchy; only the oversight role of the [[National Park Service]]. Thus, new NHAs can look to existing ones for organizational blueprints, in addition to developing their own system that works locally. Some components of NHAs relevant to the Range of the Condor NHA are listed within the [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas|comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]. A range of goals and missions of all existing NHAs can be found in the [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)|missions, planning, and administration]] section.<br />
<br />
=== Local Coordinating Entities ===<br />
<br />
NHAs are managed by Local Coordinating Entities (LCEs). The LCE can be a [[Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other Non-Profit Organizations in California's Central Coast Region|non-profit organization]] or a non-federal governmental organization. LCE responsibilities include creating the NHA management plan, finding external funding, and overseeing cooperation between partner organizations.<br />
<br />
'''Examples of responsibilities of LCEs managing a NHA'''<ref> [https://www.visittucson.org/visit/about/santa-cruz-valley-national-heritage-area Santa Cruz Valley National Heritage Area [Cited March 2021]] </ref><br />
*Promoting heritage-based tourism within the area<br />
*Developing educational programs based on the historical context of the region <br />
*Restoration and conservation of the Heritage area<br />
*Rehabilitating historic buildings <br />
<br />
==== The Non-Profit LCE option ====<br />
<br />
Most NHAs are managed by non-profit organizations acting as the LCE (see [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]). Examples include:<br />
<br />
* [[Kenai Mountains-Turnagain Arm National Heritage Area|Kenai Mountains-Turnagain Arm NHA]] managed by the [[Kenai Turnagain Arm Communities Association]]<br />
* [[Mountains to Sound Greenway National Heritage Area|Mountains to Sound Greenway NHA]] managed by the [[The Mountains to Sound Greenway Trust]]<br />
* [[Blue Ridge National Heritage Area]] managed by the [[ Blue Ridge National Heritage Area Partnership]]<br />
<br />
If the RCNHA is to be managed by a non-governmental organization, then this role could be played by the existing [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]].<br />
<br />
==== Governmental LCE ====<br />
<br />
Some NHAs are managed by non-federal government organizations acting as the LCE (see [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]). Examples include:<br />
<br />
* [[Mississippi Gulf National Heritage Area|Mississippi Gulf NHA]] managed by [[Mississippi Department of Marine Resources]]<br />
* [[Muscle Shoals National Heritage Area|Muscle Shoals NHA]] managed by the [[University of Alabama]]<br />
* [[Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta National Heritage Area|Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta NHA]] managed by the [[State of California Delta Protection Commission]]<br />
<br />
Note that [[Annotated List of Federal Agencies with Resource Management Responsibilities in California's Central Coast Region|federal organizations]] do not act as LCEs because this is contrary to the intent of having a '''Local''' Coordinating Entity.<br />
<br />
If the RCNHA is be managed by a government organization, then logical choices for the LCE might be [[CDFW]] or [[State Parks]]. The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife|CDFW]] is responsible for managing numerous [[Special Status Species in the Central Coast Region]]. The CDFW is also the agency that works with the [[U.S Army]] to manage hunting and fishing on Army bases, such as [[Fort Hunter Liggett]].<br />
<br />
=== Partnerships ===<br />
<br />
NHA creation generally requires cooperation between multiple agencies, which may be established through a [[JPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region|Memorandum of Understanding, Memorandum of Agreement, or a Joint Powers Agreement]]. These agreements would be between the [[NPS]], the local management entities, and the main LCE of the [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]]. <br />
MOU agreements have been used to create other [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]]s in the United States, such as the [[Mormon Pioneer National Heritage Area|Mormon Pioneer NHA]] and the [[Great Basin National Heritage Area|Great Basin NHA]] <ref> [https://www-jstor-org.csumb.idm.oclc.org/stable/10.5406/utahhistquar.88.2.0129?seq=1 From Skepticism to Support: National Heritage Areas in the West [Cited March 2021]] </ref>.<br />
<br />
[[JPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region|JPAs]] are widely used for various purposes in the [[California Central Coast Region]], such as [[California Community Power CCP]] which is a JPA created to combine energy buying power while advancing local and state climate goals. <ref> [https://solarindustrymag.com/eight-california-ccas-partner-to-form-new-joint-powers-authority [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. <br />
<br />
== Operational function ==<br />
<br />
The operational function of the RCNHA could involve:<br />
<br />
* Implementation of the NHA management plan<br />
* Regular meetings among partners<br />
* Public outreach and promotion of the NHA vision<br />
* Procurement of external funding<br />
* Restoration and preservation of habitat<br />
* Planning for increase public access to public land<br />
* Construction of facilities such as trail heads and trails such as the [[Condor Trail]]<br />
* Hosting conferences, workshops, & seminars on condors, land management, wildfire etc.<br />
* Facilitation of research<br />
<br />
== Leadership ==<br />
<br />
The Range of the Condor National Heritage Area is proposed by the [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]] and former Congressman Sam Farr.<br />
<br />
== Key Partners ==<br />
[[File:NHAProposal.png|200px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br />
[[File:ExpansionWithSanctuaries.jpg|300px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
There are many organizations that manage land and wildlife within the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area. These organizations and their potential roles are summarized below, with [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area | further details tabulated in a separate page]].<br />
<br />
; [[National Park Service (NPS)]]: The [[National Park Service (NPS)|NPS]] manages approximately 513,150 acres of land within the proposed area for the Range of the Condor NHA. Parks within this area include [[Pinnacles National Park]], [[Channel Islands National Park]], [[Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI)]], [[Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area]], and [[César E. Chávez National Monument]]. The [[National Park Service (NPS)|NPS]] is also the federal agency in charge of general [[National Heritage Areas|National Heritage Area]] oversight, assisting in funding and helping with cohesive management within the local communities. <br />
<br />
; [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) | Bureau of Land Management (BLM)]]: The [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM)| BLM]] manages over 85,000 acres of habitat conservation areas and other public lands in the [[California's Central Coast Region]], including [[Fort Ord National Monument (FONM)]], [[California Coastal National Monument (CCNM)]], [[Carrizo Plain National Monument]], and [[Clear Creek Management Area (CCMA)]]. The National Monuments and Special Management Areas are located in geographically important habitats for the historic range of the California Condor and as a result, would be valuable corridors within the Range of the Condor NHA. <br />
<br />
; [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)]]: Since 1992, [[USFWS]] has operated the [[California Condor Recovery Program]], which breeds and reintroduces California Condors to the wild. The [[USFWS]] also manages designated critical habitat for the [[California Tiger Salamander in California's Central Coast Region|California Tiger Salamander]], and the Pacific Southwest Region office previously worked with state agencies to create a species recovery plan that started in 2017. The [[USFWS]] also manages the [[National Wildlife Refuge System]], which consists of a total of 26,303 acres out of the seven wildlife refuges in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area. Due to its involvement in the [[California Condor Recovery Program]], and its role in [[Central Coast]] conservation and management, the [[USFWS]] would be a strong partner for the Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[United States Forest Service (USFS)]]: The [[USFS]] manages 4,222,701 acres of National Forest land that are partially located in the proposed area for the Range of the Condor NHA. These forests include [[Los Padres National Forest (LPNF)]], [[Angeles National Forest]], [[San Bernardino National Forest]], and [[Sequoia National Forest]]. The [[USFS]]'s mission is to maintain and improve the health, diversity, and productivity of the nation’s forests and grasslands, and focuses on managing vegetation, restoring ecosystems, reducing hazards, and maintaining forest health <ref>[https://www.fs.fed.us/forestmanagement/ U.S Forest Service [Cited March 2021]]</ref>. As of 2014, 103 California Condors were surveyed in [[Los Padres National Forest (LPNF)|LPNF]] <ref> [https://lpfw.org/our-region/wildlife/california-condor/ Los Padres Forest Watch [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Additionally, within the southern region of [[LPNF]] lies the [[Sespe Condor Sanctuary]] which provides critical protected habitat for the [[California Condor]], making the [[USFS]] an ideal partner for the Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[United States Army lands and activities in California's Central Coast Region | United States Army]]: The Department of Defense's Army Department owns and manages over 223,200 acres of land in the [[California Central Coast Region]] that would potentially fall within the Range of the Condor NHA. This land is primarily used for the training and education of members of the U.S. Army. The Department of Defense and the [[The Conservation Fund]] have partnered to prevent residential encroachment near military boundaries, create buffer projects to preserve habitat, provide supportive education, and assist with regional planning. The [[United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)]] is also the leading federal agency pursuing civil works projects ranging from flood control to ecosystem restoration and has a significant reach and impact on the nation's natural resources and aquatic ecosystems. It oversees thousands of civil works projects and the Clean Water Act 404 Regulatory Program <ref> [https://www.conservationfund.org/our-work/conservation-fund-partnerships/federal-conservation-partnerships/u-s-department-of-defense U.S. Department of Defense. The Conservation Fund. [Cited March 2021]]</ref>. [[United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)| USACE]] may be an organizational partner in coordinating the management of the NHA with the U.S. Army and other agencies. <br />
<br />
; [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]]: [[NOAA]] manages over 7,500 square miles of coastal ocean along the [[California Central Coast]] within the [[Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary]] and [[Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary]]. These marine sanctuaries exemplify the strong connection between California's [[Central Coast]] region and protection of the natural environment, and they generate large amounts of tourism and recreational revenue by drawing interest to the beauty of this region. [[NOAA]] conducts large-scale research and monitoring programs along the coast, and collaborates with many [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|local research institutions and organizations]] to promote environmental stewardship and future resiliency. The NOAA [[National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)]] also manages commercial and recreational fisheries within the [[Central Coast]] region and is responsible for issuing permits related to the [[Endangered Species Act]]. [[NMFS]] coordinates with [[Regional Fishery Management Councils]] and other local partners, funds fisheries research, and provides jobs to many coastal-dependent communities. California Condors rely on healthy coastal ecosystems to provide the carrion of marine mammals such as whales and sea lions that wash up on the beaches of the [[Central Coast Region]].<ref>https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/California_Condor/lifehistory</ref><br />
<br />
; [[Native Americans in California's Central Coast Region|Native American Tribes]]: The [[California Condor]] has been an important symbol for Native Americans that represents the wilderness heritage of the [[Central Coast Region]]. It has been regarded as the "most impressive and majestic flying bird in North America," and has captured the attention of Native peoples throughout its history <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. The proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area would span at least a dozen different pre-contact tribal lands, <ref> [https://aimfireriversideca.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/calprecontact.gif California Tribal Communities [Cited March 2021]] </ref> and would encompass several [[Lands_that_could_potentially_be_encompassed_by_the_Range_of_the_Condor_National_Heritage_Area#Tribal_land|current reservations and rancherias]]<ref> [https://www3.epa.gov/region9/air/maps/ca_tribe.html California Tribal Lands [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Archaeologists have found evidence to suggest the use of California Condors during rituals of early peoples in California, and other ceremonies included dancers wearing capes of condor skins and feathers <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Some Native peoples believed condors could "infuse" them with special powers. For example, because of the condor's extraordinary eyesight, some tribes within the [[California Central Coast Region]] believed wearing cloaks of condor feathers would grant them powers to find lost valuables and people <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. In 2018, the [[Esselen Tribe of Monterey County]] received a grant from the [[California Natural Resources Agency]] that allowed them to reclaim a 1,199-acre ranch along the northern slopes of the Little Sur River. This sacred land will be used by tribal members for traditional ceremonies, native plant gatherings, and the repatriation of tribal members. The Esselen Tribe's partnership with the [[Western Rivers Conservancy]] to conserve the native plants and wildlife of the land represents an important natural and cultural conservation success in the [[Central Coast Region]] <ref> [https://www.esselentribe.org/our-land Esselen Tribal Lands Conservation Project [Cited March 2021]] </ref>.<br />
<br />
; [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)]]: The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] manages over 69,000 acres of land in the [[California Central Coast Region]] that would be encompassed by the Range of the Condor NHA. These areas include the [[Big Sandy Ecological Reserve]], the [[Carrizo Plains Ecological Reserve]], and the [[Semitropic Ecological Preserve]]. The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] also manages wildlife on [[U.S. Army]] properties including [[Fort Hunter Liggett]] where hunters and fisherman can purchase an annual permit for $125 to access the property (as of 2021), any harvested animals have a tooth and hair samples taken for age and other biological analysis. There is also a region-wide reporting program in place to report sick or injured animals to the [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]]. Through this program, they are able to keep biological health records of specific animal populations in the area and can track disease spread. This kind of watch program is essential when assisting in the re-establishment of a species population, such as the [[California Condor]]. This partnership with wildlife management on the [[U.S. Army]] lands allows the [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] to have a broader scope of collaboration with varying agencies within the proposed Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other Non-Profit Organizations in California's Central Coast Region|Non-profit organizations]]: <br />
*[[Los Padres Forest Association]]<br />
*[[Ventana Wildlife Society]]<br />
*[[Ventana Wilderness Alliance]]<br />
*[[Condor Trail Association (CTA)|Condor Trail Association]]<br />
<br />
; [[Private Landowners with Conservation Easements]]: Private landowners who seek to partner with the NHA can place a conservation easement on their property and could waive the right to develop or mine their land. Landowner partners would retain the ownership and use of their land. <ref>[https://www.condorrange.org/about.html Range of the Condor - About] </ref> In [[California's Central Coast Region | California's Central Coast region]], a notable example of this form of partnership is the Hearst Ranch Conservation Easement in an agreement with the State of California. <ref>http://www.hearstranch.com/conservation/ Hearst Ranch] </ref><br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
<br />
* [[California Condor]]<br />
* [[Ventana Wildlife Society]]<br />
* [[Maps relating to the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]]<br />
* [[Lands that could potentially be designated for inclusion in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Designated wilderness areas in Calfornia's Central Coast Region]]<br />
* [[Wild and Scenic Rivers in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Range_of_the_Condor_National_Heritage_AreaRange of the Condor National Heritage Area2021-03-29T02:43:35Z<p>Fred: /* Operational function */</p>
<hr />
<div>A [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|organizational summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The [[Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]] (RCNHA) is a proposed new [[National Heritage Area (NHA)]] spanning an [[Maps of the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|area]] defined by the current range of the [[California Condor]].<br />
<br />
This NHA designation would facilitate collaboration between [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|stakeholders (including government agencies and non-governmental organizations)]] for preservation, maintenance, project planning, and other land management duties throughout the area. NHAs also receive advising from the [[National Park Service (NPS)]] on technical and planning issues, as well as limited financial assistance.<br />
<br />
== Vision ==<br />
<br />
The vision for the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area includes all the traditional benefits [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)|NHAs]] confer to a region, in addition to novel assets at this particular area, including:<br />
<br />
* Preservation of habitat, especially for animals significant to the area's heritage like [[California Condor|California Condors]]. <br />
<br />
* Continuity between the Range of the Condor NHA and adjacent protected lands and coastal waters, offering exciting opportunities for research and recreation across uninterrupted wildlands, from the mountains to the sea. <br />
<br />
* Increased public access to land via new and improved trails, educational programs, and more.<br />
<br />
* Bolstered economic activity and jobs, including eco-tourism and new project development, throughout the region. <br />
<br />
* Public education on wildfires, fostering a new public attitude towards fires and fire management.<br />
<br />
* Completion of [[The Condor Trail]], which could be an iconic feature of the NHA and the State of California.<br />
<br />
* Construction of a 'University Trail' running between state universities in Monterey Bay and San Luis Obispo.<br />
<br />
== Management ==<br />
<br />
NHAs across the country differ in their operational structure. The [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]] designation by Congress doesn't dictate a specific organizational hierarchy; only the oversight role of the [[National Park Service]]. Thus, new NHAs can look to existing ones for organizational blueprints, in addition to developing their own system that works locally. Some components of NHAs relevant to the Range of the Condor NHA are listed within the [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas|comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]. A range of goals and missions of all existing NHAs can be found in the [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)|missions, planning, and administration]] section.<br />
<br />
=== Local Coordinating Entities ===<br />
<br />
NHAs are managed by Local Coordinating Entities (LCEs). The LCE can be a [[Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other Non-Profit Organizations in California's Central Coast Region|non-profit organization]] or a non-federal governmental organization. LCE responsibilities include creating the NHA management plan, finding external funding, and overseeing cooperation between partner organizations.<br />
<br />
'''Examples of responsibilities of LCE managing a NHA'''<ref> [https://www.visittucson.org/visit/about/santa-cruz-valley-national-heritage-area Santa Cruz Valley National Heritage Area [Cited March 2021]] </ref><br />
*Promoting heritage-based tourism within the area<br />
*Developing educational programs based on the historical context of the region <br />
*Restoration and conservation of the Heritage area<br />
*Rehabilitating historic buildings <br />
<br />
==== The Non-Profit LCE option ====<br />
<br />
Most NHAs are managed by non-profit organizations acting as the LCE (see [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]). Examples include:<br />
<br />
* [[Kenai Mountains-Turnagain Arm National Heritage Area|Kenai Mountains-Turnagain Arm NHA]] managed by the [[Kenai Turnagain Arm Communities Association]]<br />
* [[Mountains to Sound Greenway National Heritage Area|Mountains to Sound Greenway NHA]] managed by the [[The Mountains to Sound Greenway Trust]]<br />
* [[Blue Ridge National Heritage Area]] managed by the [[ Blue Ridge National Heritage Area Partnership]]<br />
<br />
If the RCNHA is to be managed by a non-governmental organization, then this role could be played by the existing [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]].<br />
<br />
==== Governmental LCE ====<br />
<br />
Some NHAs are managed by non-federal government organizations acting as the LCE (see [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]). Examples include:<br />
<br />
* [[Mississippi Gulf National Heritage Area|Mississippi Gulf NHA]] managed by [[Mississippi Department of Marine Resources]]<br />
* [[Muscle Shoals National Heritage Area|Muscle Shoals NHA]] managed by the [[University of Alabama]]<br />
* [[Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta National Heritage Area|Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta NHA]] managed by the [[State of California Delta Protection Commission]]<br />
<br />
Note that [[Annotated List of Federal Agencies with Resource Management Responsibilities in California's Central Coast Region|federal organizations]] do not act as LCEs because this is contrary to the intent of having a '''Local''' Coordinating Entity.<br />
<br />
If the RCNHA is be managed by a government organization, then logical choices for the LCE might be [[CDFW]] or [[State Parks]]. The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife|CDFW]] is responsible for managing numerous [[Special Status Species in the Central Coast Region]]. The CDFW is also the agency that works with the [[U.S Army]] to manage hunting and fishing on Army bases, such as [[Fort Hunter Liggett]].<br />
<br />
=== Partnerships ===<br />
<br />
NHA creation generally requires cooperation between multiple agencies, which may be established through a [[JPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region|Memorandum of Understanding, Memorandum of Agreement, or a Joint Powers Agreement]]. These agreements would be between the [[NPS]], the local management entities, and the main LCE of the [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]]. <br />
MOU agreements have been used to create other [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]]s in the United States, such as the [[Mormon Pioneer National Heritage Area|Mormon Pioneer NHA]] and the [[Great Basin National Heritage Area|Great Basin NHA]] <ref> [https://www-jstor-org.csumb.idm.oclc.org/stable/10.5406/utahhistquar.88.2.0129?seq=1 From Skepticism to Support: National Heritage Areas in the West [Cited March 2021]] </ref>.<br />
<br />
[[JPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region|JPAs]] are widely used for various purposes in the [[California Central Coast Region]], such as [[California Community Power CCP]] which is a JPA created to combine energy buying power while advancing local and state climate goals. <ref> [https://solarindustrymag.com/eight-california-ccas-partner-to-form-new-joint-powers-authority [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. <br />
<br />
== Operational function ==<br />
<br />
The operational function of the RCNHA could involve:<br />
<br />
* Implementation of the NHA management plan<br />
* Regular meetings among partners<br />
* Public outreach and promotion of the NHA vision<br />
* Procurement of external funding<br />
* Restoration and preservation of habitat<br />
* Planning for increase public access to public land<br />
* Construction of facilities such as trail heads and trails such as the [[Condor Trail]]<br />
* Hosting conferences, workshops, & seminars on condors, land management, wildfire etc.<br />
* Facilitation of research<br />
<br />
== Leadership ==<br />
<br />
The Range of the Condor National Heritage Area is proposed by the [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]] and former Congressman Sam Farr.<br />
<br />
== Key Partners ==<br />
[[File:NHAProposal.png|200px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br />
[[File:ExpansionWithSanctuaries.jpg|300px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
There are many organizations that manage land and wildlife within the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area. These organizations and their potential roles are summarized below, with [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area | further details tabulated in a separate page]].<br />
<br />
; [[National Park Service (NPS)]]: The [[National Park Service (NPS)|NPS]] manages approximately 513,150 acres of land within the proposed area for the Range of the Condor NHA. Parks within this area include [[Pinnacles National Park]], [[Channel Islands National Park]], [[Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI)]], [[Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area]], and [[César E. Chávez National Monument]]. The [[National Park Service (NPS)|NPS]] is also the federal agency in charge of general [[National Heritage Areas|National Heritage Area]] oversight, assisting in funding and helping with cohesive management within the local communities. <br />
<br />
; [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) | Bureau of Land Management (BLM)]]: The [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM)| BLM]] manages over 85,000 acres of habitat conservation areas and other public lands in the [[California's Central Coast Region]], including [[Fort Ord National Monument (FONM)]], [[California Coastal National Monument (CCNM)]], [[Carrizo Plain National Monument]], and [[Clear Creek Management Area (CCMA)]]. The National Monuments and Special Management Areas are located in geographically important habitats for the historic range of the California Condor and as a result, would be valuable corridors within the Range of the Condor NHA. <br />
<br />
; [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)]]: Since 1992, [[USFWS]] has operated the [[California Condor Recovery Program]], which breeds and reintroduces California Condors to the wild. The [[USFWS]] also manages designated critical habitat for the [[California Tiger Salamander in California's Central Coast Region|California Tiger Salamander]], and the Pacific Southwest Region office previously worked with state agencies to create a species recovery plan that started in 2017. The [[USFWS]] also manages the [[National Wildlife Refuge System]], which consists of a total of 26,303 acres out of the seven wildlife refuges in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area. Due to its involvement in the [[California Condor Recovery Program]], and its role in [[Central Coast]] conservation and management, the [[USFWS]] would be a strong partner for the Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[United States Forest Service (USFS)]]: The [[USFS]] manages 4,222,701 acres of National Forest land that are partially located in the proposed area for the Range of the Condor NHA. These forests include [[Los Padres National Forest (LPNF)]], [[Angeles National Forest]], [[San Bernardino National Forest]], and [[Sequoia National Forest]]. The [[USFS]]'s mission is to maintain and improve the health, diversity, and productivity of the nation’s forests and grasslands, and focuses on managing vegetation, restoring ecosystems, reducing hazards, and maintaining forest health <ref>[https://www.fs.fed.us/forestmanagement/ U.S Forest Service [Cited March 2021]]</ref>. As of 2014, 103 California Condors were surveyed in [[Los Padres National Forest (LPNF)|LPNF]] <ref> [https://lpfw.org/our-region/wildlife/california-condor/ Los Padres Forest Watch [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Additionally, within the southern region of [[LPNF]] lies the [[Sespe Condor Sanctuary]] which provides critical protected habitat for the [[California Condor]], making the [[USFS]] an ideal partner for the Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[United States Army lands and activities in California's Central Coast Region | United States Army]]: The Department of Defense's Army Department owns and manages over 223,200 acres of land in the [[California Central Coast Region]] that would potentially fall within the Range of the Condor NHA. This land is primarily used for the training and education of members of the U.S. Army. The Department of Defense and the [[The Conservation Fund]] have partnered to prevent residential encroachment near military boundaries, create buffer projects to preserve habitat, provide supportive education, and assist with regional planning. The [[United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)]] is also the leading federal agency pursuing civil works projects ranging from flood control to ecosystem restoration and has a significant reach and impact on the nation's natural resources and aquatic ecosystems. It oversees thousands of civil works projects and the Clean Water Act 404 Regulatory Program <ref> [https://www.conservationfund.org/our-work/conservation-fund-partnerships/federal-conservation-partnerships/u-s-department-of-defense U.S. Department of Defense. The Conservation Fund. [Cited March 2021]]</ref>. [[United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)| USACE]] may be an organizational partner in coordinating the management of the NHA with the U.S. Army and other agencies. <br />
<br />
; [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]]: [[NOAA]] manages over 7,500 square miles of coastal ocean along the [[California Central Coast]] within the [[Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary]] and [[Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary]]. These marine sanctuaries exemplify the strong connection between California's [[Central Coast]] region and protection of the natural environment, and they generate large amounts of tourism and recreational revenue by drawing interest to the beauty of this region. [[NOAA]] conducts large-scale research and monitoring programs along the coast, and collaborates with many [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|local research institutions and organizations]] to promote environmental stewardship and future resiliency. The NOAA [[National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)]] also manages commercial and recreational fisheries within the [[Central Coast]] region and is responsible for issuing permits related to the [[Endangered Species Act]]. [[NMFS]] coordinates with [[Regional Fishery Management Councils]] and other local partners, funds fisheries research, and provides jobs to many coastal-dependent communities. California Condors rely on healthy coastal ecosystems to provide the carrion of marine mammals such as whales and sea lions that wash up on the beaches of the [[Central Coast Region]].<ref>https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/California_Condor/lifehistory</ref><br />
<br />
; [[Native Americans in California's Central Coast Region|Native American Tribes]]: The [[California Condor]] has been an important symbol for Native Americans that represents the wilderness heritage of the [[Central Coast Region]]. It has been regarded as the "most impressive and majestic flying bird in North America," and has captured the attention of Native peoples throughout its history <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. The proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area would span at least a dozen different pre-contact tribal lands, <ref> [https://aimfireriversideca.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/calprecontact.gif California Tribal Communities [Cited March 2021]] </ref> and would encompass several [[Lands_that_could_potentially_be_encompassed_by_the_Range_of_the_Condor_National_Heritage_Area#Tribal_land|current reservations and rancherias]]<ref> [https://www3.epa.gov/region9/air/maps/ca_tribe.html California Tribal Lands [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Archaeologists have found evidence to suggest the use of California Condors during rituals of early peoples in California, and other ceremonies included dancers wearing capes of condor skins and feathers <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Some Native peoples believed condors could "infuse" them with special powers. For example, because of the condor's extraordinary eyesight, some tribes within the [[California Central Coast Region]] believed wearing cloaks of condor feathers would grant them powers to find lost valuables and people <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. In 2018, the [[Esselen Tribe of Monterey County]] received a grant from the [[California Natural Resources Agency]] that allowed them to reclaim a 1,199-acre ranch along the northern slopes of the Little Sur River. This sacred land will be used by tribal members for traditional ceremonies, native plant gatherings, and the repatriation of tribal members. The Esselen Tribe's partnership with the [[Western Rivers Conservancy]] to conserve the native plants and wildlife of the land represents an important natural and cultural conservation success in the [[Central Coast Region]] <ref> [https://www.esselentribe.org/our-land Esselen Tribal Lands Conservation Project [Cited March 2021]] </ref>.<br />
<br />
; [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)]]: The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] manages over 69,000 acres of land in the [[California Central Coast Region]] that would be encompassed by the Range of the Condor NHA. These areas include the [[Big Sandy Ecological Reserve]], the [[Carrizo Plains Ecological Reserve]], and the [[Semitropic Ecological Preserve]]. The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] also manages wildlife on [[U.S. Army]] properties including [[Fort Hunter Liggett]] where hunters and fisherman can purchase an annual permit for $125 to access the property (as of 2021), any harvested animals have a tooth and hair samples taken for age and other biological analysis. There is also a region-wide reporting program in place to report sick or injured animals to the [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]]. Through this program, they are able to keep biological health records of specific animal populations in the area and can track disease spread. This kind of watch program is essential when assisting in the re-establishment of a species population, such as the [[California Condor]]. This partnership with wildlife management on the [[U.S. Army]] lands allows the [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] to have a broader scope of collaboration with varying agencies within the proposed Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other Non-Profit Organizations in California's Central Coast Region|Non-profit organizations]]: <br />
*[[Los Padres Forest Association]]<br />
*[[Ventana Wildlife Society]]<br />
*[[Ventana Wilderness Alliance]]<br />
*[[Condor Trail Association (CTA)|Condor Trail Association]]<br />
<br />
; [[Private Landowners with Conservation Easements]]: Private landowners who seek to partner with the NHA can place a conservation easement on their property and could waive the right to develop or mine their land. Landowner partners would retain the ownership and use of their land. <ref>[https://www.condorrange.org/about.html Range of the Condor - About] </ref> In [[California's Central Coast Region | California's Central Coast region]], a notable example of this form of partnership is the Hearst Ranch Conservation Easement in an agreement with the State of California. <ref>http://www.hearstranch.com/conservation/ Hearst Ranch] </ref><br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
<br />
* [[California Condor]]<br />
* [[Ventana Wildlife Society]]<br />
* [[Maps relating to the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]]<br />
* [[Lands that could potentially be designated for inclusion in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Designated wilderness areas in Calfornia's Central Coast Region]]<br />
* [[Wild and Scenic Rivers in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Range_of_the_Condor_National_Heritage_AreaRange of the Condor National Heritage Area2021-03-29T02:39:39Z<p>Fred: /* Overview */</p>
<hr />
<div>A [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|organizational summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The [[Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]] (RCNHA) is a proposed new [[National Heritage Area (NHA)]] spanning an [[Maps of the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|area]] defined by the current range of the [[California Condor]].<br />
<br />
This NHA designation would facilitate collaboration between [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|stakeholders (including government agencies and non-governmental organizations)]] for preservation, maintenance, project planning, and other land management duties throughout the area. NHAs also receive advising from the [[National Park Service (NPS)]] on technical and planning issues, as well as limited financial assistance.<br />
<br />
== Vision ==<br />
<br />
The vision for the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area includes all the traditional benefits [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)|NHAs]] confer to a region, in addition to novel assets at this particular area, including:<br />
<br />
* Preservation of habitat, especially for animals significant to the area's heritage like [[California Condor|California Condors]]. <br />
<br />
* Continuity between the Range of the Condor NHA and adjacent protected lands and coastal waters, offering exciting opportunities for research and recreation across uninterrupted wildlands, from the mountains to the sea. <br />
<br />
* Increased public access to land via new and improved trails, educational programs, and more.<br />
<br />
* Bolstered economic activity and jobs, including eco-tourism and new project development, throughout the region. <br />
<br />
* Public education on wildfires, fostering a new public attitude towards fires and fire management.<br />
<br />
* Completion of [[The Condor Trail]], which could be an iconic feature of the NHA and the State of California.<br />
<br />
* Construction of a 'University Trail' running between state universities in Monterey Bay and San Luis Obispo.<br />
<br />
== Management ==<br />
<br />
NHAs across the country differ in their operational structure. The [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]] designation by Congress doesn't dictate a specific organizational hierarchy; only the oversight role of the [[National Park Service]]. Thus, new NHAs can look to existing ones for organizational blueprints, in addition to developing their own system that works locally. Some components of NHAs relevant to the Range of the Condor NHA are listed within the [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas|comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]. A range of goals and missions of all existing NHAs can be found in the [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)|missions, planning, and administration]] section.<br />
<br />
=== Local Coordinating Entities ===<br />
<br />
NHAs are managed by Local Coordinating Entities (LCEs). The LCE can be a [[Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other Non-Profit Organizations in California's Central Coast Region|non-profit organization]] or a non-federal governmental organization. LCE responsibilities include creating the NHA management plan, finding external funding, and overseeing cooperation between partner organizations.<br />
<br />
'''Examples of responsibilities of LCE managing a NHA'''<ref> [https://www.visittucson.org/visit/about/santa-cruz-valley-national-heritage-area Santa Cruz Valley National Heritage Area [Cited March 2021]] </ref><br />
*Promoting heritage-based tourism within the area<br />
*Developing educational programs based on the historical context of the region <br />
*Restoration and conservation of the Heritage area<br />
*Rehabilitating historic buildings <br />
<br />
==== The Non-Profit LCE option ====<br />
<br />
Most NHAs are managed by non-profit organizations acting as the LCE (see [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]). Examples include:<br />
<br />
* [[Kenai Mountains-Turnagain Arm National Heritage Area|Kenai Mountains-Turnagain Arm NHA]] managed by the [[Kenai Turnagain Arm Communities Association]]<br />
* [[Mountains to Sound Greenway National Heritage Area|Mountains to Sound Greenway NHA]] managed by the [[The Mountains to Sound Greenway Trust]]<br />
* [[Blue Ridge National Heritage Area]] managed by the [[ Blue Ridge National Heritage Area Partnership]]<br />
<br />
If the RCNHA is to be managed by a non-governmental organization, then this role could be played by the existing [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]].<br />
<br />
==== Governmental LCE ====<br />
<br />
Some NHAs are managed by non-federal government organizations acting as the LCE (see [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]). Examples include:<br />
<br />
* [[Mississippi Gulf National Heritage Area|Mississippi Gulf NHA]] managed by [[Mississippi Department of Marine Resources]]<br />
* [[Muscle Shoals National Heritage Area|Muscle Shoals NHA]] managed by the [[University of Alabama]]<br />
* [[Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta National Heritage Area|Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta NHA]] managed by the [[State of California Delta Protection Commission]]<br />
<br />
Note that [[Annotated List of Federal Agencies with Resource Management Responsibilities in California's Central Coast Region|federal organizations]] do not act as LCEs because this is contrary to the intent of having a '''Local''' Coordinating Entity.<br />
<br />
If the RCNHA is be managed by a government organization, then logical choices for the LCE might be [[CDFW]] or [[State Parks]]. The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife|CDFW]] is responsible for managing numerous [[Special Status Species in the Central Coast Region]]. The CDFW is also the agency that works with the [[U.S Army]] to manage hunting and fishing on Army bases, such as [[Fort Hunter Liggett]].<br />
<br />
=== Partnerships ===<br />
<br />
NHA creation generally requires cooperation between multiple agencies, which may be established through a [[JPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region|Memorandum of Understanding, Memorandum of Agreement, or a Joint Powers Agreement]]. These agreements would be between the [[NPS]], the local management entities, and the main LCE of the [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]]. <br />
MOU agreements have been used to create other [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]]s in the United States, such as the [[Mormon Pioneer National Heritage Area|Mormon Pioneer NHA]] and the [[Great Basin National Heritage Area|Great Basin NHA]] <ref> [https://www-jstor-org.csumb.idm.oclc.org/stable/10.5406/utahhistquar.88.2.0129?seq=1 From Skepticism to Support: National Heritage Areas in the West [Cited March 2021]] </ref>.<br />
<br />
[[JPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region|JPAs]] are widely used for various purposes in the [[California Central Coast Region]], such as [[California Community Power CCP]] which is a JPA created to combine energy buying power while advancing local and state climate goals. <ref> [https://solarindustrymag.com/eight-california-ccas-partner-to-form-new-joint-powers-authority [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. <br />
<br />
== Operational function ==<br />
<br />
The operational function of the RCNHA could involve:<br />
<br />
* Implementation of the NHA management plan<br />
* Regular meetings among partners<br />
* Public outreach and promotion of the NHA vision<br />
* Procurement of external funding<br />
* Construction of facilities such as trail heads and trails<br />
* Hosting conferences, workshops, & seminars<br />
* Restoration and conservation of naturally functioning landscapes<br />
<br />
== Leadership ==<br />
<br />
The Range of the Condor National Heritage Area is proposed by the [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]] and former Congressman Sam Farr.<br />
<br />
== Key Partners ==<br />
[[File:NHAProposal.png|200px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br />
[[File:ExpansionWithSanctuaries.jpg|300px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
There are many organizations that manage land and wildlife within the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area. These organizations and their potential roles are summarized below, with [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area | further details tabulated in a separate page]].<br />
<br />
; [[National Park Service (NPS)]]: The [[National Park Service (NPS)|NPS]] manages approximately 513,150 acres of land within the proposed area for the Range of the Condor NHA. Parks within this area include [[Pinnacles National Park]], [[Channel Islands National Park]], [[Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI)]], [[Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area]], and [[César E. Chávez National Monument]]. The [[National Park Service (NPS)|NPS]] is also the federal agency in charge of general [[National Heritage Areas|National Heritage Area]] oversight, assisting in funding and helping with cohesive management within the local communities. <br />
<br />
; [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) | Bureau of Land Management (BLM)]]: The [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM)| BLM]] manages over 85,000 acres of habitat conservation areas and other public lands in the [[California's Central Coast Region]], including [[Fort Ord National Monument (FONM)]], [[California Coastal National Monument (CCNM)]], [[Carrizo Plain National Monument]], and [[Clear Creek Management Area (CCMA)]]. The National Monuments and Special Management Areas are located in geographically important habitats for the historic range of the California Condor and as a result, would be valuable corridors within the Range of the Condor NHA. <br />
<br />
; [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)]]: Since 1992, [[USFWS]] has operated the [[California Condor Recovery Program]], which breeds and reintroduces California Condors to the wild. The [[USFWS]] also manages designated critical habitat for the [[California Tiger Salamander in California's Central Coast Region|California Tiger Salamander]], and the Pacific Southwest Region office previously worked with state agencies to create a species recovery plan that started in 2017. The [[USFWS]] also manages the [[National Wildlife Refuge System]], which consists of a total of 26,303 acres out of the seven wildlife refuges in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area. Due to its involvement in the [[California Condor Recovery Program]], and its role in [[Central Coast]] conservation and management, the [[USFWS]] would be a strong partner for the Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[United States Forest Service (USFS)]]: The [[USFS]] manages 4,222,701 acres of National Forest land that are partially located in the proposed area for the Range of the Condor NHA. These forests include [[Los Padres National Forest (LPNF)]], [[Angeles National Forest]], [[San Bernardino National Forest]], and [[Sequoia National Forest]]. The [[USFS]]'s mission is to maintain and improve the health, diversity, and productivity of the nation’s forests and grasslands, and focuses on managing vegetation, restoring ecosystems, reducing hazards, and maintaining forest health <ref>[https://www.fs.fed.us/forestmanagement/ U.S Forest Service [Cited March 2021]]</ref>. As of 2014, 103 California Condors were surveyed in [[Los Padres National Forest (LPNF)|LPNF]] <ref> [https://lpfw.org/our-region/wildlife/california-condor/ Los Padres Forest Watch [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Additionally, within the southern region of [[LPNF]] lies the [[Sespe Condor Sanctuary]] which provides critical protected habitat for the [[California Condor]], making the [[USFS]] an ideal partner for the Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[United States Army lands and activities in California's Central Coast Region | United States Army]]: The Department of Defense's Army Department owns and manages over 223,200 acres of land in the [[California Central Coast Region]] that would potentially fall within the Range of the Condor NHA. This land is primarily used for the training and education of members of the U.S. Army. The Department of Defense and the [[The Conservation Fund]] have partnered to prevent residential encroachment near military boundaries, create buffer projects to preserve habitat, provide supportive education, and assist with regional planning. The [[United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)]] is also the leading federal agency pursuing civil works projects ranging from flood control to ecosystem restoration and has a significant reach and impact on the nation's natural resources and aquatic ecosystems. It oversees thousands of civil works projects and the Clean Water Act 404 Regulatory Program <ref> [https://www.conservationfund.org/our-work/conservation-fund-partnerships/federal-conservation-partnerships/u-s-department-of-defense U.S. Department of Defense. The Conservation Fund. [Cited March 2021]]</ref>. [[United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)| USACE]] may be an organizational partner in coordinating the management of the NHA with the U.S. Army and other agencies. <br />
<br />
; [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]]: [[NOAA]] manages over 7,500 square miles of coastal ocean along the [[California Central Coast]] within the [[Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary]] and [[Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary]]. These marine sanctuaries exemplify the strong connection between California's [[Central Coast]] region and protection of the natural environment, and they generate large amounts of tourism and recreational revenue by drawing interest to the beauty of this region. [[NOAA]] conducts large-scale research and monitoring programs along the coast, and collaborates with many [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|local research institutions and organizations]] to promote environmental stewardship and future resiliency. The NOAA [[National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)]] also manages commercial and recreational fisheries within the [[Central Coast]] region and is responsible for issuing permits related to the [[Endangered Species Act]]. [[NMFS]] coordinates with [[Regional Fishery Management Councils]] and other local partners, funds fisheries research, and provides jobs to many coastal-dependent communities. California Condors rely on healthy coastal ecosystems to provide the carrion of marine mammals such as whales and sea lions that wash up on the beaches of the [[Central Coast Region]].<ref>https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/California_Condor/lifehistory</ref><br />
<br />
; [[Native Americans in California's Central Coast Region|Native American Tribes]]: The [[California Condor]] has been an important symbol for Native Americans that represents the wilderness heritage of the [[Central Coast Region]]. It has been regarded as the "most impressive and majestic flying bird in North America," and has captured the attention of Native peoples throughout its history <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. The proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area would span at least a dozen different pre-contact tribal lands, <ref> [https://aimfireriversideca.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/calprecontact.gif California Tribal Communities [Cited March 2021]] </ref> and would encompass several [[Lands_that_could_potentially_be_encompassed_by_the_Range_of_the_Condor_National_Heritage_Area#Tribal_land|current reservations and rancherias]]<ref> [https://www3.epa.gov/region9/air/maps/ca_tribe.html California Tribal Lands [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Archaeologists have found evidence to suggest the use of California Condors during rituals of early peoples in California, and other ceremonies included dancers wearing capes of condor skins and feathers <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Some Native peoples believed condors could "infuse" them with special powers. For example, because of the condor's extraordinary eyesight, some tribes within the [[California Central Coast Region]] believed wearing cloaks of condor feathers would grant them powers to find lost valuables and people <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. In 2018, the [[Esselen Tribe of Monterey County]] received a grant from the [[California Natural Resources Agency]] that allowed them to reclaim a 1,199-acre ranch along the northern slopes of the Little Sur River. This sacred land will be used by tribal members for traditional ceremonies, native plant gatherings, and the repatriation of tribal members. The Esselen Tribe's partnership with the [[Western Rivers Conservancy]] to conserve the native plants and wildlife of the land represents an important natural and cultural conservation success in the [[Central Coast Region]] <ref> [https://www.esselentribe.org/our-land Esselen Tribal Lands Conservation Project [Cited March 2021]] </ref>.<br />
<br />
; [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)]]: The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] manages over 69,000 acres of land in the [[California Central Coast Region]] that would be encompassed by the Range of the Condor NHA. These areas include the [[Big Sandy Ecological Reserve]], the [[Carrizo Plains Ecological Reserve]], and the [[Semitropic Ecological Preserve]]. The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] also manages wildlife on [[U.S. Army]] properties including [[Fort Hunter Liggett]] where hunters and fisherman can purchase an annual permit for $125 to access the property (as of 2021), any harvested animals have a tooth and hair samples taken for age and other biological analysis. There is also a region-wide reporting program in place to report sick or injured animals to the [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]]. Through this program, they are able to keep biological health records of specific animal populations in the area and can track disease spread. This kind of watch program is essential when assisting in the re-establishment of a species population, such as the [[California Condor]]. This partnership with wildlife management on the [[U.S. Army]] lands allows the [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] to have a broader scope of collaboration with varying agencies within the proposed Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other Non-Profit Organizations in California's Central Coast Region|Non-profit organizations]]: <br />
*[[Los Padres Forest Association]]<br />
*[[Ventana Wildlife Society]]<br />
*[[Ventana Wilderness Alliance]]<br />
*[[Condor Trail Association (CTA)|Condor Trail Association]]<br />
<br />
; [[Private Landowners with Conservation Easements]]: Private landowners who seek to partner with the NHA can place a conservation easement on their property and could waive the right to develop or mine their land. Landowner partners would retain the ownership and use of their land. <ref>[https://www.condorrange.org/about.html Range of the Condor - About] </ref> In [[California's Central Coast Region | California's Central Coast region]], a notable example of this form of partnership is the Hearst Ranch Conservation Easement in an agreement with the State of California. <ref>http://www.hearstranch.com/conservation/ Hearst Ranch] </ref><br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
<br />
* [[California Condor]]<br />
* [[Ventana Wildlife Society]]<br />
* [[Maps relating to the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]]<br />
* [[Lands that could potentially be designated for inclusion in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Designated wilderness areas in Calfornia's Central Coast Region]]<br />
* [[Wild and Scenic Rivers in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Range_of_the_Condor_National_Heritage_AreaRange of the Condor National Heritage Area2021-03-29T02:39:08Z<p>Fred: /* Operational function */</p>
<hr />
<div>A [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|organizational summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The [[Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]] is a proposed new [[National Heritage Area (NHA)]] spanning an [[Maps of the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|area]] defined by the current range of the [[California Condor]].<br />
<br />
This NHA designation would facilitate collaboration between [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|stakeholders (including government agencies and non-governmental organizations)]] for preservation, maintenance, project planning, and other land management duties throughout the area. NHAs also receive advising from the [[National Park Service (NPS)]] on technical and planning issues, as well as limited financial assistance.<br />
<br />
== Vision ==<br />
<br />
The vision for the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area includes all the traditional benefits [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)|NHAs]] confer to a region, in addition to novel assets at this particular area, including:<br />
<br />
* Preservation of habitat, especially for animals significant to the area's heritage like [[California Condor|California Condors]]. <br />
<br />
* Continuity between the Range of the Condor NHA and adjacent protected lands and coastal waters, offering exciting opportunities for research and recreation across uninterrupted wildlands, from the mountains to the sea. <br />
<br />
* Increased public access to land via new and improved trails, educational programs, and more.<br />
<br />
* Bolstered economic activity and jobs, including eco-tourism and new project development, throughout the region. <br />
<br />
* Public education on wildfires, fostering a new public attitude towards fires and fire management.<br />
<br />
* Completion of [[The Condor Trail]], which could be an iconic feature of the NHA and the State of California.<br />
<br />
* Construction of a 'University Trail' running between state universities in Monterey Bay and San Luis Obispo.<br />
<br />
== Management ==<br />
<br />
NHAs across the country differ in their operational structure. The [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]] designation by Congress doesn't dictate a specific organizational hierarchy; only the oversight role of the [[National Park Service]]. Thus, new NHAs can look to existing ones for organizational blueprints, in addition to developing their own system that works locally. Some components of NHAs relevant to the Range of the Condor NHA are listed within the [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas|comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]. A range of goals and missions of all existing NHAs can be found in the [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)|missions, planning, and administration]] section.<br />
<br />
=== Local Coordinating Entities ===<br />
<br />
NHAs are managed by Local Coordinating Entities (LCEs). The LCE can be a [[Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other Non-Profit Organizations in California's Central Coast Region|non-profit organization]] or a non-federal governmental organization. LCE responsibilities include creating the NHA management plan, finding external funding, and overseeing cooperation between partner organizations.<br />
<br />
'''Examples of responsibilities of LCE managing a NHA'''<ref> [https://www.visittucson.org/visit/about/santa-cruz-valley-national-heritage-area Santa Cruz Valley National Heritage Area [Cited March 2021]] </ref><br />
*Promoting heritage-based tourism within the area<br />
*Developing educational programs based on the historical context of the region <br />
*Restoration and conservation of the Heritage area<br />
*Rehabilitating historic buildings <br />
<br />
==== The Non-Profit LCE option ====<br />
<br />
Most NHAs are managed by non-profit organizations acting as the LCE (see [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]). Examples include:<br />
<br />
* [[Kenai Mountains-Turnagain Arm National Heritage Area|Kenai Mountains-Turnagain Arm NHA]] managed by the [[Kenai Turnagain Arm Communities Association]]<br />
* [[Mountains to Sound Greenway National Heritage Area|Mountains to Sound Greenway NHA]] managed by the [[The Mountains to Sound Greenway Trust]]<br />
* [[Blue Ridge National Heritage Area]] managed by the [[ Blue Ridge National Heritage Area Partnership]]<br />
<br />
If the RCNHA is to be managed by a non-governmental organization, then this role could be played by the existing [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]].<br />
<br />
==== Governmental LCE ====<br />
<br />
Some NHAs are managed by non-federal government organizations acting as the LCE (see [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]). Examples include:<br />
<br />
* [[Mississippi Gulf National Heritage Area|Mississippi Gulf NHA]] managed by [[Mississippi Department of Marine Resources]]<br />
* [[Muscle Shoals National Heritage Area|Muscle Shoals NHA]] managed by the [[University of Alabama]]<br />
* [[Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta National Heritage Area|Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta NHA]] managed by the [[State of California Delta Protection Commission]]<br />
<br />
Note that [[Annotated List of Federal Agencies with Resource Management Responsibilities in California's Central Coast Region|federal organizations]] do not act as LCEs because this is contrary to the intent of having a '''Local''' Coordinating Entity.<br />
<br />
If the RCNHA is be managed by a government organization, then logical choices for the LCE might be [[CDFW]] or [[State Parks]]. The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife|CDFW]] is responsible for managing numerous [[Special Status Species in the Central Coast Region]]. The CDFW is also the agency that works with the [[U.S Army]] to manage hunting and fishing on Army bases, such as [[Fort Hunter Liggett]].<br />
<br />
=== Partnerships ===<br />
<br />
NHA creation generally requires cooperation between multiple agencies, which may be established through a [[JPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region|Memorandum of Understanding, Memorandum of Agreement, or a Joint Powers Agreement]]. These agreements would be between the [[NPS]], the local management entities, and the main LCE of the [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]]. <br />
MOU agreements have been used to create other [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]]s in the United States, such as the [[Mormon Pioneer National Heritage Area|Mormon Pioneer NHA]] and the [[Great Basin National Heritage Area|Great Basin NHA]] <ref> [https://www-jstor-org.csumb.idm.oclc.org/stable/10.5406/utahhistquar.88.2.0129?seq=1 From Skepticism to Support: National Heritage Areas in the West [Cited March 2021]] </ref>.<br />
<br />
[[JPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region|JPAs]] are widely used for various purposes in the [[California Central Coast Region]], such as [[California Community Power CCP]] which is a JPA created to combine energy buying power while advancing local and state climate goals. <ref> [https://solarindustrymag.com/eight-california-ccas-partner-to-form-new-joint-powers-authority [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. <br />
<br />
== Operational function ==<br />
<br />
The operational function of the RCNHA could involve:<br />
<br />
* Implementation of the NHA management plan<br />
* Regular meetings among partners<br />
* Public outreach and promotion of the NHA vision<br />
* Procurement of external funding<br />
* Construction of facilities such as trail heads and trails<br />
* Hosting conferences, workshops, & seminars<br />
* Restoration and conservation of naturally functioning landscapes<br />
<br />
== Leadership ==<br />
<br />
The Range of the Condor National Heritage Area is proposed by the [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]] and former Congressman Sam Farr.<br />
<br />
== Key Partners ==<br />
[[File:NHAProposal.png|200px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br />
[[File:ExpansionWithSanctuaries.jpg|300px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
There are many organizations that manage land and wildlife within the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area. These organizations and their potential roles are summarized below, with [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area | further details tabulated in a separate page]].<br />
<br />
; [[National Park Service (NPS)]]: The [[National Park Service (NPS)|NPS]] manages approximately 513,150 acres of land within the proposed area for the Range of the Condor NHA. Parks within this area include [[Pinnacles National Park]], [[Channel Islands National Park]], [[Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI)]], [[Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area]], and [[César E. Chávez National Monument]]. The [[National Park Service (NPS)|NPS]] is also the federal agency in charge of general [[National Heritage Areas|National Heritage Area]] oversight, assisting in funding and helping with cohesive management within the local communities. <br />
<br />
; [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) | Bureau of Land Management (BLM)]]: The [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM)| BLM]] manages over 85,000 acres of habitat conservation areas and other public lands in the [[California's Central Coast Region]], including [[Fort Ord National Monument (FONM)]], [[California Coastal National Monument (CCNM)]], [[Carrizo Plain National Monument]], and [[Clear Creek Management Area (CCMA)]]. The National Monuments and Special Management Areas are located in geographically important habitats for the historic range of the California Condor and as a result, would be valuable corridors within the Range of the Condor NHA. <br />
<br />
; [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)]]: Since 1992, [[USFWS]] has operated the [[California Condor Recovery Program]], which breeds and reintroduces California Condors to the wild. The [[USFWS]] also manages designated critical habitat for the [[California Tiger Salamander in California's Central Coast Region|California Tiger Salamander]], and the Pacific Southwest Region office previously worked with state agencies to create a species recovery plan that started in 2017. The [[USFWS]] also manages the [[National Wildlife Refuge System]], which consists of a total of 26,303 acres out of the seven wildlife refuges in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area. Due to its involvement in the [[California Condor Recovery Program]], and its role in [[Central Coast]] conservation and management, the [[USFWS]] would be a strong partner for the Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[United States Forest Service (USFS)]]: The [[USFS]] manages 4,222,701 acres of National Forest land that are partially located in the proposed area for the Range of the Condor NHA. These forests include [[Los Padres National Forest (LPNF)]], [[Angeles National Forest]], [[San Bernardino National Forest]], and [[Sequoia National Forest]]. The [[USFS]]'s mission is to maintain and improve the health, diversity, and productivity of the nation’s forests and grasslands, and focuses on managing vegetation, restoring ecosystems, reducing hazards, and maintaining forest health <ref>[https://www.fs.fed.us/forestmanagement/ U.S Forest Service [Cited March 2021]]</ref>. As of 2014, 103 California Condors were surveyed in [[Los Padres National Forest (LPNF)|LPNF]] <ref> [https://lpfw.org/our-region/wildlife/california-condor/ Los Padres Forest Watch [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Additionally, within the southern region of [[LPNF]] lies the [[Sespe Condor Sanctuary]] which provides critical protected habitat for the [[California Condor]], making the [[USFS]] an ideal partner for the Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[United States Army lands and activities in California's Central Coast Region | United States Army]]: The Department of Defense's Army Department owns and manages over 223,200 acres of land in the [[California Central Coast Region]] that would potentially fall within the Range of the Condor NHA. This land is primarily used for the training and education of members of the U.S. Army. The Department of Defense and the [[The Conservation Fund]] have partnered to prevent residential encroachment near military boundaries, create buffer projects to preserve habitat, provide supportive education, and assist with regional planning. The [[United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)]] is also the leading federal agency pursuing civil works projects ranging from flood control to ecosystem restoration and has a significant reach and impact on the nation's natural resources and aquatic ecosystems. It oversees thousands of civil works projects and the Clean Water Act 404 Regulatory Program <ref> [https://www.conservationfund.org/our-work/conservation-fund-partnerships/federal-conservation-partnerships/u-s-department-of-defense U.S. Department of Defense. The Conservation Fund. [Cited March 2021]]</ref>. [[United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)| USACE]] may be an organizational partner in coordinating the management of the NHA with the U.S. Army and other agencies. <br />
<br />
; [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]]: [[NOAA]] manages over 7,500 square miles of coastal ocean along the [[California Central Coast]] within the [[Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary]] and [[Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary]]. These marine sanctuaries exemplify the strong connection between California's [[Central Coast]] region and protection of the natural environment, and they generate large amounts of tourism and recreational revenue by drawing interest to the beauty of this region. [[NOAA]] conducts large-scale research and monitoring programs along the coast, and collaborates with many [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|local research institutions and organizations]] to promote environmental stewardship and future resiliency. The NOAA [[National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)]] also manages commercial and recreational fisheries within the [[Central Coast]] region and is responsible for issuing permits related to the [[Endangered Species Act]]. [[NMFS]] coordinates with [[Regional Fishery Management Councils]] and other local partners, funds fisheries research, and provides jobs to many coastal-dependent communities. California Condors rely on healthy coastal ecosystems to provide the carrion of marine mammals such as whales and sea lions that wash up on the beaches of the [[Central Coast Region]].<ref>https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/California_Condor/lifehistory</ref><br />
<br />
; [[Native Americans in California's Central Coast Region|Native American Tribes]]: The [[California Condor]] has been an important symbol for Native Americans that represents the wilderness heritage of the [[Central Coast Region]]. It has been regarded as the "most impressive and majestic flying bird in North America," and has captured the attention of Native peoples throughout its history <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. The proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area would span at least a dozen different pre-contact tribal lands, <ref> [https://aimfireriversideca.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/calprecontact.gif California Tribal Communities [Cited March 2021]] </ref> and would encompass several [[Lands_that_could_potentially_be_encompassed_by_the_Range_of_the_Condor_National_Heritage_Area#Tribal_land|current reservations and rancherias]]<ref> [https://www3.epa.gov/region9/air/maps/ca_tribe.html California Tribal Lands [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Archaeologists have found evidence to suggest the use of California Condors during rituals of early peoples in California, and other ceremonies included dancers wearing capes of condor skins and feathers <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Some Native peoples believed condors could "infuse" them with special powers. For example, because of the condor's extraordinary eyesight, some tribes within the [[California Central Coast Region]] believed wearing cloaks of condor feathers would grant them powers to find lost valuables and people <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. In 2018, the [[Esselen Tribe of Monterey County]] received a grant from the [[California Natural Resources Agency]] that allowed them to reclaim a 1,199-acre ranch along the northern slopes of the Little Sur River. This sacred land will be used by tribal members for traditional ceremonies, native plant gatherings, and the repatriation of tribal members. The Esselen Tribe's partnership with the [[Western Rivers Conservancy]] to conserve the native plants and wildlife of the land represents an important natural and cultural conservation success in the [[Central Coast Region]] <ref> [https://www.esselentribe.org/our-land Esselen Tribal Lands Conservation Project [Cited March 2021]] </ref>.<br />
<br />
; [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)]]: The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] manages over 69,000 acres of land in the [[California Central Coast Region]] that would be encompassed by the Range of the Condor NHA. These areas include the [[Big Sandy Ecological Reserve]], the [[Carrizo Plains Ecological Reserve]], and the [[Semitropic Ecological Preserve]]. The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] also manages wildlife on [[U.S. Army]] properties including [[Fort Hunter Liggett]] where hunters and fisherman can purchase an annual permit for $125 to access the property (as of 2021), any harvested animals have a tooth and hair samples taken for age and other biological analysis. There is also a region-wide reporting program in place to report sick or injured animals to the [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]]. Through this program, they are able to keep biological health records of specific animal populations in the area and can track disease spread. This kind of watch program is essential when assisting in the re-establishment of a species population, such as the [[California Condor]]. This partnership with wildlife management on the [[U.S. Army]] lands allows the [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] to have a broader scope of collaboration with varying agencies within the proposed Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other Non-Profit Organizations in California's Central Coast Region|Non-profit organizations]]: <br />
*[[Los Padres Forest Association]]<br />
*[[Ventana Wildlife Society]]<br />
*[[Ventana Wilderness Alliance]]<br />
*[[Condor Trail Association (CTA)|Condor Trail Association]]<br />
<br />
; [[Private Landowners with Conservation Easements]]: Private landowners who seek to partner with the NHA can place a conservation easement on their property and could waive the right to develop or mine their land. Landowner partners would retain the ownership and use of their land. <ref>[https://www.condorrange.org/about.html Range of the Condor - About] </ref> In [[California's Central Coast Region | California's Central Coast region]], a notable example of this form of partnership is the Hearst Ranch Conservation Easement in an agreement with the State of California. <ref>http://www.hearstranch.com/conservation/ Hearst Ranch] </ref><br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
<br />
* [[California Condor]]<br />
* [[Ventana Wildlife Society]]<br />
* [[Maps relating to the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]]<br />
* [[Lands that could potentially be designated for inclusion in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Designated wilderness areas in Calfornia's Central Coast Region]]<br />
* [[Wild and Scenic Rivers in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Range_of_the_Condor_National_Heritage_AreaRange of the Condor National Heritage Area2021-03-29T02:38:51Z<p>Fred: /* Operational function */</p>
<hr />
<div>A [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|organizational summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The [[Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]] is a proposed new [[National Heritage Area (NHA)]] spanning an [[Maps of the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|area]] defined by the current range of the [[California Condor]].<br />
<br />
This NHA designation would facilitate collaboration between [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|stakeholders (including government agencies and non-governmental organizations)]] for preservation, maintenance, project planning, and other land management duties throughout the area. NHAs also receive advising from the [[National Park Service (NPS)]] on technical and planning issues, as well as limited financial assistance.<br />
<br />
== Vision ==<br />
<br />
The vision for the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area includes all the traditional benefits [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)|NHAs]] confer to a region, in addition to novel assets at this particular area, including:<br />
<br />
* Preservation of habitat, especially for animals significant to the area's heritage like [[California Condor|California Condors]]. <br />
<br />
* Continuity between the Range of the Condor NHA and adjacent protected lands and coastal waters, offering exciting opportunities for research and recreation across uninterrupted wildlands, from the mountains to the sea. <br />
<br />
* Increased public access to land via new and improved trails, educational programs, and more.<br />
<br />
* Bolstered economic activity and jobs, including eco-tourism and new project development, throughout the region. <br />
<br />
* Public education on wildfires, fostering a new public attitude towards fires and fire management.<br />
<br />
* Completion of [[The Condor Trail]], which could be an iconic feature of the NHA and the State of California.<br />
<br />
* Construction of a 'University Trail' running between state universities in Monterey Bay and San Luis Obispo.<br />
<br />
== Management ==<br />
<br />
NHAs across the country differ in their operational structure. The [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]] designation by Congress doesn't dictate a specific organizational hierarchy; only the oversight role of the [[National Park Service]]. Thus, new NHAs can look to existing ones for organizational blueprints, in addition to developing their own system that works locally. Some components of NHAs relevant to the Range of the Condor NHA are listed within the [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas|comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]. A range of goals and missions of all existing NHAs can be found in the [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)|missions, planning, and administration]] section.<br />
<br />
=== Local Coordinating Entities ===<br />
<br />
NHAs are managed by Local Coordinating Entities (LCEs). The LCE can be a [[Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other Non-Profit Organizations in California's Central Coast Region|non-profit organization]] or a non-federal governmental organization. LCE responsibilities include creating the NHA management plan, finding external funding, and overseeing cooperation between partner organizations.<br />
<br />
'''Examples of responsibilities of LCE managing a NHA'''<ref> [https://www.visittucson.org/visit/about/santa-cruz-valley-national-heritage-area Santa Cruz Valley National Heritage Area [Cited March 2021]] </ref><br />
*Promoting heritage-based tourism within the area<br />
*Developing educational programs based on the historical context of the region <br />
*Restoration and conservation of the Heritage area<br />
*Rehabilitating historic buildings <br />
<br />
==== The Non-Profit LCE option ====<br />
<br />
Most NHAs are managed by non-profit organizations acting as the LCE (see [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]). Examples include:<br />
<br />
* [[Kenai Mountains-Turnagain Arm National Heritage Area|Kenai Mountains-Turnagain Arm NHA]] managed by the [[Kenai Turnagain Arm Communities Association]]<br />
* [[Mountains to Sound Greenway National Heritage Area|Mountains to Sound Greenway NHA]] managed by the [[The Mountains to Sound Greenway Trust]]<br />
* [[Blue Ridge National Heritage Area]] managed by the [[ Blue Ridge National Heritage Area Partnership]]<br />
<br />
If the RCNHA is to be managed by a non-governmental organization, then this role could be played by the existing [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]].<br />
<br />
==== Governmental LCE ====<br />
<br />
Some NHAs are managed by non-federal government organizations acting as the LCE (see [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]). Examples include:<br />
<br />
* [[Mississippi Gulf National Heritage Area|Mississippi Gulf NHA]] managed by [[Mississippi Department of Marine Resources]]<br />
* [[Muscle Shoals National Heritage Area|Muscle Shoals NHA]] managed by the [[University of Alabama]]<br />
* [[Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta National Heritage Area|Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta NHA]] managed by the [[State of California Delta Protection Commission]]<br />
<br />
Note that [[Annotated List of Federal Agencies with Resource Management Responsibilities in California's Central Coast Region|federal organizations]] do not act as LCEs because this is contrary to the intent of having a '''Local''' Coordinating Entity.<br />
<br />
If the RCNHA is be managed by a government organization, then logical choices for the LCE might be [[CDFW]] or [[State Parks]]. The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife|CDFW]] is responsible for managing numerous [[Special Status Species in the Central Coast Region]]. The CDFW is also the agency that works with the [[U.S Army]] to manage hunting and fishing on Army bases, such as [[Fort Hunter Liggett]].<br />
<br />
=== Partnerships ===<br />
<br />
NHA creation generally requires cooperation between multiple agencies, which may be established through a [[JPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region|Memorandum of Understanding, Memorandum of Agreement, or a Joint Powers Agreement]]. These agreements would be between the [[NPS]], the local management entities, and the main LCE of the [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]]. <br />
MOU agreements have been used to create other [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]]s in the United States, such as the [[Mormon Pioneer National Heritage Area|Mormon Pioneer NHA]] and the [[Great Basin National Heritage Area|Great Basin NHA]] <ref> [https://www-jstor-org.csumb.idm.oclc.org/stable/10.5406/utahhistquar.88.2.0129?seq=1 From Skepticism to Support: National Heritage Areas in the West [Cited March 2021]] </ref>.<br />
<br />
[[JPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region|JPAs]] are widely used for various purposes in the [[California Central Coast Region]], such as [[California Community Power CCP]] which is a JPA created to combine energy buying power while advancing local and state climate goals. <ref> [https://solarindustrymag.com/eight-california-ccas-partner-to-form-new-joint-powers-authority [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. <br />
<br />
== Operational function ==<br />
<br />
The operational fnuction of the RCNHA could involve:<br />
<br />
* Implementation of the NHA management plan<br />
* Regular meetings among partners<br />
* Public outreach and promotion of the NHA vision<br />
* Procurement of external funding<br />
* Construction of facilities such as trail heads and trails<br />
* Hosting conferences, workshops, & seminars<br />
* Restoration and conservation of naturally functioning landscapes<br />
<br />
== Leadership ==<br />
<br />
The Range of the Condor National Heritage Area is proposed by the [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]] and former Congressman Sam Farr.<br />
<br />
== Key Partners ==<br />
[[File:NHAProposal.png|200px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br />
[[File:ExpansionWithSanctuaries.jpg|300px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
There are many organizations that manage land and wildlife within the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area. These organizations and their potential roles are summarized below, with [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area | further details tabulated in a separate page]].<br />
<br />
; [[National Park Service (NPS)]]: The [[National Park Service (NPS)|NPS]] manages approximately 513,150 acres of land within the proposed area for the Range of the Condor NHA. Parks within this area include [[Pinnacles National Park]], [[Channel Islands National Park]], [[Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI)]], [[Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area]], and [[César E. Chávez National Monument]]. The [[National Park Service (NPS)|NPS]] is also the federal agency in charge of general [[National Heritage Areas|National Heritage Area]] oversight, assisting in funding and helping with cohesive management within the local communities. <br />
<br />
; [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) | Bureau of Land Management (BLM)]]: The [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM)| BLM]] manages over 85,000 acres of habitat conservation areas and other public lands in the [[California's Central Coast Region]], including [[Fort Ord National Monument (FONM)]], [[California Coastal National Monument (CCNM)]], [[Carrizo Plain National Monument]], and [[Clear Creek Management Area (CCMA)]]. The National Monuments and Special Management Areas are located in geographically important habitats for the historic range of the California Condor and as a result, would be valuable corridors within the Range of the Condor NHA. <br />
<br />
; [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)]]: Since 1992, [[USFWS]] has operated the [[California Condor Recovery Program]], which breeds and reintroduces California Condors to the wild. The [[USFWS]] also manages designated critical habitat for the [[California Tiger Salamander in California's Central Coast Region|California Tiger Salamander]], and the Pacific Southwest Region office previously worked with state agencies to create a species recovery plan that started in 2017. The [[USFWS]] also manages the [[National Wildlife Refuge System]], which consists of a total of 26,303 acres out of the seven wildlife refuges in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area. Due to its involvement in the [[California Condor Recovery Program]], and its role in [[Central Coast]] conservation and management, the [[USFWS]] would be a strong partner for the Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[United States Forest Service (USFS)]]: The [[USFS]] manages 4,222,701 acres of National Forest land that are partially located in the proposed area for the Range of the Condor NHA. These forests include [[Los Padres National Forest (LPNF)]], [[Angeles National Forest]], [[San Bernardino National Forest]], and [[Sequoia National Forest]]. The [[USFS]]'s mission is to maintain and improve the health, diversity, and productivity of the nation’s forests and grasslands, and focuses on managing vegetation, restoring ecosystems, reducing hazards, and maintaining forest health <ref>[https://www.fs.fed.us/forestmanagement/ U.S Forest Service [Cited March 2021]]</ref>. As of 2014, 103 California Condors were surveyed in [[Los Padres National Forest (LPNF)|LPNF]] <ref> [https://lpfw.org/our-region/wildlife/california-condor/ Los Padres Forest Watch [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Additionally, within the southern region of [[LPNF]] lies the [[Sespe Condor Sanctuary]] which provides critical protected habitat for the [[California Condor]], making the [[USFS]] an ideal partner for the Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[United States Army lands and activities in California's Central Coast Region | United States Army]]: The Department of Defense's Army Department owns and manages over 223,200 acres of land in the [[California Central Coast Region]] that would potentially fall within the Range of the Condor NHA. This land is primarily used for the training and education of members of the U.S. Army. The Department of Defense and the [[The Conservation Fund]] have partnered to prevent residential encroachment near military boundaries, create buffer projects to preserve habitat, provide supportive education, and assist with regional planning. The [[United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)]] is also the leading federal agency pursuing civil works projects ranging from flood control to ecosystem restoration and has a significant reach and impact on the nation's natural resources and aquatic ecosystems. It oversees thousands of civil works projects and the Clean Water Act 404 Regulatory Program <ref> [https://www.conservationfund.org/our-work/conservation-fund-partnerships/federal-conservation-partnerships/u-s-department-of-defense U.S. Department of Defense. The Conservation Fund. [Cited March 2021]]</ref>. [[United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)| USACE]] may be an organizational partner in coordinating the management of the NHA with the U.S. Army and other agencies. <br />
<br />
; [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]]: [[NOAA]] manages over 7,500 square miles of coastal ocean along the [[California Central Coast]] within the [[Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary]] and [[Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary]]. These marine sanctuaries exemplify the strong connection between California's [[Central Coast]] region and protection of the natural environment, and they generate large amounts of tourism and recreational revenue by drawing interest to the beauty of this region. [[NOAA]] conducts large-scale research and monitoring programs along the coast, and collaborates with many [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|local research institutions and organizations]] to promote environmental stewardship and future resiliency. The NOAA [[National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)]] also manages commercial and recreational fisheries within the [[Central Coast]] region and is responsible for issuing permits related to the [[Endangered Species Act]]. [[NMFS]] coordinates with [[Regional Fishery Management Councils]] and other local partners, funds fisheries research, and provides jobs to many coastal-dependent communities. California Condors rely on healthy coastal ecosystems to provide the carrion of marine mammals such as whales and sea lions that wash up on the beaches of the [[Central Coast Region]].<ref>https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/California_Condor/lifehistory</ref><br />
<br />
; [[Native Americans in California's Central Coast Region|Native American Tribes]]: The [[California Condor]] has been an important symbol for Native Americans that represents the wilderness heritage of the [[Central Coast Region]]. It has been regarded as the "most impressive and majestic flying bird in North America," and has captured the attention of Native peoples throughout its history <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. The proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area would span at least a dozen different pre-contact tribal lands, <ref> [https://aimfireriversideca.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/calprecontact.gif California Tribal Communities [Cited March 2021]] </ref> and would encompass several [[Lands_that_could_potentially_be_encompassed_by_the_Range_of_the_Condor_National_Heritage_Area#Tribal_land|current reservations and rancherias]]<ref> [https://www3.epa.gov/region9/air/maps/ca_tribe.html California Tribal Lands [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Archaeologists have found evidence to suggest the use of California Condors during rituals of early peoples in California, and other ceremonies included dancers wearing capes of condor skins and feathers <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Some Native peoples believed condors could "infuse" them with special powers. For example, because of the condor's extraordinary eyesight, some tribes within the [[California Central Coast Region]] believed wearing cloaks of condor feathers would grant them powers to find lost valuables and people <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. In 2018, the [[Esselen Tribe of Monterey County]] received a grant from the [[California Natural Resources Agency]] that allowed them to reclaim a 1,199-acre ranch along the northern slopes of the Little Sur River. This sacred land will be used by tribal members for traditional ceremonies, native plant gatherings, and the repatriation of tribal members. The Esselen Tribe's partnership with the [[Western Rivers Conservancy]] to conserve the native plants and wildlife of the land represents an important natural and cultural conservation success in the [[Central Coast Region]] <ref> [https://www.esselentribe.org/our-land Esselen Tribal Lands Conservation Project [Cited March 2021]] </ref>.<br />
<br />
; [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)]]: The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] manages over 69,000 acres of land in the [[California Central Coast Region]] that would be encompassed by the Range of the Condor NHA. These areas include the [[Big Sandy Ecological Reserve]], the [[Carrizo Plains Ecological Reserve]], and the [[Semitropic Ecological Preserve]]. The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] also manages wildlife on [[U.S. Army]] properties including [[Fort Hunter Liggett]] where hunters and fisherman can purchase an annual permit for $125 to access the property (as of 2021), any harvested animals have a tooth and hair samples taken for age and other biological analysis. There is also a region-wide reporting program in place to report sick or injured animals to the [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]]. Through this program, they are able to keep biological health records of specific animal populations in the area and can track disease spread. This kind of watch program is essential when assisting in the re-establishment of a species population, such as the [[California Condor]]. This partnership with wildlife management on the [[U.S. Army]] lands allows the [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] to have a broader scope of collaboration with varying agencies within the proposed Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other Non-Profit Organizations in California's Central Coast Region|Non-profit organizations]]: <br />
*[[Los Padres Forest Association]]<br />
*[[Ventana Wildlife Society]]<br />
*[[Ventana Wilderness Alliance]]<br />
*[[Condor Trail Association (CTA)|Condor Trail Association]]<br />
<br />
; [[Private Landowners with Conservation Easements]]: Private landowners who seek to partner with the NHA can place a conservation easement on their property and could waive the right to develop or mine their land. Landowner partners would retain the ownership and use of their land. <ref>[https://www.condorrange.org/about.html Range of the Condor - About] </ref> In [[California's Central Coast Region | California's Central Coast region]], a notable example of this form of partnership is the Hearst Ranch Conservation Easement in an agreement with the State of California. <ref>http://www.hearstranch.com/conservation/ Hearst Ranch] </ref><br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
<br />
* [[California Condor]]<br />
* [[Ventana Wildlife Society]]<br />
* [[Maps relating to the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]]<br />
* [[Lands that could potentially be designated for inclusion in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Designated wilderness areas in Calfornia's Central Coast Region]]<br />
* [[Wild and Scenic Rivers in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Range_of_the_Condor_National_Heritage_AreaRange of the Condor National Heritage Area2021-03-29T02:37:30Z<p>Fred: </p>
<hr />
<div>A [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|organizational summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The [[Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]] is a proposed new [[National Heritage Area (NHA)]] spanning an [[Maps of the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|area]] defined by the current range of the [[California Condor]].<br />
<br />
This NHA designation would facilitate collaboration between [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|stakeholders (including government agencies and non-governmental organizations)]] for preservation, maintenance, project planning, and other land management duties throughout the area. NHAs also receive advising from the [[National Park Service (NPS)]] on technical and planning issues, as well as limited financial assistance.<br />
<br />
== Vision ==<br />
<br />
The vision for the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area includes all the traditional benefits [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)|NHAs]] confer to a region, in addition to novel assets at this particular area, including:<br />
<br />
* Preservation of habitat, especially for animals significant to the area's heritage like [[California Condor|California Condors]]. <br />
<br />
* Continuity between the Range of the Condor NHA and adjacent protected lands and coastal waters, offering exciting opportunities for research and recreation across uninterrupted wildlands, from the mountains to the sea. <br />
<br />
* Increased public access to land via new and improved trails, educational programs, and more.<br />
<br />
* Bolstered economic activity and jobs, including eco-tourism and new project development, throughout the region. <br />
<br />
* Public education on wildfires, fostering a new public attitude towards fires and fire management.<br />
<br />
* Completion of [[The Condor Trail]], which could be an iconic feature of the NHA and the State of California.<br />
<br />
* Construction of a 'University Trail' running between state universities in Monterey Bay and San Luis Obispo.<br />
<br />
== Management ==<br />
<br />
NHAs across the country differ in their operational structure. The [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]] designation by Congress doesn't dictate a specific organizational hierarchy; only the oversight role of the [[National Park Service]]. Thus, new NHAs can look to existing ones for organizational blueprints, in addition to developing their own system that works locally. Some components of NHAs relevant to the Range of the Condor NHA are listed within the [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas|comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]. A range of goals and missions of all existing NHAs can be found in the [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)|missions, planning, and administration]] section.<br />
<br />
=== Local Coordinating Entities ===<br />
<br />
NHAs are managed by Local Coordinating Entities (LCEs). The LCE can be a [[Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other Non-Profit Organizations in California's Central Coast Region|non-profit organization]] or a non-federal governmental organization. LCE responsibilities include creating the NHA management plan, finding external funding, and overseeing cooperation between partner organizations.<br />
<br />
'''Examples of responsibilities of LCE managing a NHA'''<ref> [https://www.visittucson.org/visit/about/santa-cruz-valley-national-heritage-area Santa Cruz Valley National Heritage Area [Cited March 2021]] </ref><br />
*Promoting heritage-based tourism within the area<br />
*Developing educational programs based on the historical context of the region <br />
*Restoration and conservation of the Heritage area<br />
*Rehabilitating historic buildings <br />
<br />
==== The Non-Profit LCE option ====<br />
<br />
Most NHAs are managed by non-profit organizations acting as the LCE (see [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]). Examples include:<br />
<br />
* [[Kenai Mountains-Turnagain Arm National Heritage Area|Kenai Mountains-Turnagain Arm NHA]] managed by the [[Kenai Turnagain Arm Communities Association]]<br />
* [[Mountains to Sound Greenway National Heritage Area|Mountains to Sound Greenway NHA]] managed by the [[The Mountains to Sound Greenway Trust]]<br />
* [[Blue Ridge National Heritage Area]] managed by the [[ Blue Ridge National Heritage Area Partnership]]<br />
<br />
If the RCNHA is to be managed by a non-governmental organization, then this role could be played by the existing [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]].<br />
<br />
==== Governmental LCE ====<br />
<br />
Some NHAs are managed by non-federal government organizations acting as the LCE (see [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]). Examples include:<br />
<br />
* [[Mississippi Gulf National Heritage Area|Mississippi Gulf NHA]] managed by [[Mississippi Department of Marine Resources]]<br />
* [[Muscle Shoals National Heritage Area|Muscle Shoals NHA]] managed by the [[University of Alabama]]<br />
* [[Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta National Heritage Area|Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta NHA]] managed by the [[State of California Delta Protection Commission]]<br />
<br />
Note that [[Annotated List of Federal Agencies with Resource Management Responsibilities in California's Central Coast Region|federal organizations]] do not act as LCEs because this is contrary to the intent of having a '''Local''' Coordinating Entity.<br />
<br />
If the RCNHA is be managed by a government organization, then logical choices for the LCE might be [[CDFW]] or [[State Parks]]. The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife|CDFW]] is responsible for managing numerous [[Special Status Species in the Central Coast Region]]. The CDFW is also the agency that works with the [[U.S Army]] to manage hunting and fishing on Army bases, such as [[Fort Hunter Liggett]].<br />
<br />
=== Partnerships ===<br />
<br />
NHA creation generally requires cooperation between multiple agencies, which may be established through a [[JPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region|Memorandum of Understanding, Memorandum of Agreement, or a Joint Powers Agreement]]. These agreements would be between the [[NPS]], the local management entities, and the main LCE of the [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]]. <br />
MOU agreements have been used to create other [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]]s in the United States, such as the [[Mormon Pioneer National Heritage Area|Mormon Pioneer NHA]] and the [[Great Basin National Heritage Area|Great Basin NHA]] <ref> [https://www-jstor-org.csumb.idm.oclc.org/stable/10.5406/utahhistquar.88.2.0129?seq=1 From Skepticism to Support: National Heritage Areas in the West [Cited March 2021]] </ref>.<br />
<br />
[[JPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region|JPAs]] are widely used for various purposes in the [[California Central Coast Region]], such as [[California Community Power CCP]] which is a JPA created to combine energy buying power while advancing local and state climate goals. <ref> [https://solarindustrymag.com/eight-california-ccas-partner-to-form-new-joint-powers-authority [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. <br />
<br />
== Operational function ==<br />
<br />
The opertional fnuction of the RCNHA could involve:<br />
<br />
* Implementation of the NHA management plan<br />
* Regular meetings among partners<br />
* Public outreach and promotion of the NHA vision<br />
* Procurement of external funding<br />
* Construction of facilities such as trail heads and trails<br />
* Hosting conferences, workshops, & seminars<br />
* ...<br />
<br />
== Leadership ==<br />
<br />
The Range of the Condor National Heritage Area is proposed by the [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]] and former Congressman Sam Farr.<br />
<br />
== Key Partners ==<br />
[[File:NHAProposal.png|200px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br />
[[File:ExpansionWithSanctuaries.jpg|300px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
There are many organizations that manage land and wildlife within the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area. These organizations and their potential roles are summarized below, with [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area | further details tabulated in a separate page]].<br />
<br />
; [[National Park Service (NPS)]]: The [[National Park Service (NPS)|NPS]] manages approximately 513,150 acres of land within the proposed area for the Range of the Condor NHA. Parks within this area include [[Pinnacles National Park]], [[Channel Islands National Park]], [[Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI)]], [[Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area]], and [[César E. Chávez National Monument]]. The [[National Park Service (NPS)|NPS]] is also the federal agency in charge of general [[National Heritage Areas|National Heritage Area]] oversight, assisting in funding and helping with cohesive management within the local communities. <br />
<br />
; [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) | Bureau of Land Management (BLM)]]: The [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM)| BLM]] manages over 85,000 acres of habitat conservation areas and other public lands in the [[California's Central Coast Region]], including [[Fort Ord National Monument (FONM)]], [[California Coastal National Monument (CCNM)]], [[Carrizo Plain National Monument]], and [[Clear Creek Management Area (CCMA)]]. The National Monuments and Special Management Areas are located in geographically important habitats for the historic range of the California Condor and as a result, would be valuable corridors within the Range of the Condor NHA. <br />
<br />
; [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)]]: Since 1992, [[USFWS]] has operated the [[California Condor Recovery Program]], which breeds and reintroduces California Condors to the wild. The [[USFWS]] also manages designated critical habitat for the [[California Tiger Salamander in California's Central Coast Region|California Tiger Salamander]], and the Pacific Southwest Region office previously worked with state agencies to create a species recovery plan that started in 2017. The [[USFWS]] also manages the [[National Wildlife Refuge System]], which consists of a total of 26,303 acres out of the seven wildlife refuges in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area. Due to its involvement in the [[California Condor Recovery Program]], and its role in [[Central Coast]] conservation and management, the [[USFWS]] would be a strong partner for the Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[United States Forest Service (USFS)]]: The [[USFS]] manages 4,222,701 acres of National Forest land that are partially located in the proposed area for the Range of the Condor NHA. These forests include [[Los Padres National Forest (LPNF)]], [[Angeles National Forest]], [[San Bernardino National Forest]], and [[Sequoia National Forest]]. The [[USFS]]'s mission is to maintain and improve the health, diversity, and productivity of the nation’s forests and grasslands, and focuses on managing vegetation, restoring ecosystems, reducing hazards, and maintaining forest health <ref>[https://www.fs.fed.us/forestmanagement/ U.S Forest Service [Cited March 2021]]</ref>. As of 2014, 103 California Condors were surveyed in [[Los Padres National Forest (LPNF)|LPNF]] <ref> [https://lpfw.org/our-region/wildlife/california-condor/ Los Padres Forest Watch [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Additionally, within the southern region of [[LPNF]] lies the [[Sespe Condor Sanctuary]] which provides critical protected habitat for the [[California Condor]], making the [[USFS]] an ideal partner for the Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[United States Army lands and activities in California's Central Coast Region | United States Army]]: The Department of Defense's Army Department owns and manages over 223,200 acres of land in the [[California Central Coast Region]] that would potentially fall within the Range of the Condor NHA. This land is primarily used for the training and education of members of the U.S. Army. The Department of Defense and the [[The Conservation Fund]] have partnered to prevent residential encroachment near military boundaries, create buffer projects to preserve habitat, provide supportive education, and assist with regional planning. The [[United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)]] is also the leading federal agency pursuing civil works projects ranging from flood control to ecosystem restoration and has a significant reach and impact on the nation's natural resources and aquatic ecosystems. It oversees thousands of civil works projects and the Clean Water Act 404 Regulatory Program <ref> [https://www.conservationfund.org/our-work/conservation-fund-partnerships/federal-conservation-partnerships/u-s-department-of-defense U.S. Department of Defense. The Conservation Fund. [Cited March 2021]]</ref>. [[United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)| USACE]] may be an organizational partner in coordinating the management of the NHA with the U.S. Army and other agencies. <br />
<br />
; [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]]: [[NOAA]] manages over 7,500 square miles of coastal ocean along the [[California Central Coast]] within the [[Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary]] and [[Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary]]. These marine sanctuaries exemplify the strong connection between California's [[Central Coast]] region and protection of the natural environment, and they generate large amounts of tourism and recreational revenue by drawing interest to the beauty of this region. [[NOAA]] conducts large-scale research and monitoring programs along the coast, and collaborates with many [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|local research institutions and organizations]] to promote environmental stewardship and future resiliency. The NOAA [[National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)]] also manages commercial and recreational fisheries within the [[Central Coast]] region and is responsible for issuing permits related to the [[Endangered Species Act]]. [[NMFS]] coordinates with [[Regional Fishery Management Councils]] and other local partners, funds fisheries research, and provides jobs to many coastal-dependent communities. California Condors rely on healthy coastal ecosystems to provide the carrion of marine mammals such as whales and sea lions that wash up on the beaches of the [[Central Coast Region]].<ref>https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/California_Condor/lifehistory</ref><br />
<br />
; [[Native Americans in California's Central Coast Region|Native American Tribes]]: The [[California Condor]] has been an important symbol for Native Americans that represents the wilderness heritage of the [[Central Coast Region]]. It has been regarded as the "most impressive and majestic flying bird in North America," and has captured the attention of Native peoples throughout its history <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. The proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area would span at least a dozen different pre-contact tribal lands, <ref> [https://aimfireriversideca.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/calprecontact.gif California Tribal Communities [Cited March 2021]] </ref> and would encompass several [[Lands_that_could_potentially_be_encompassed_by_the_Range_of_the_Condor_National_Heritage_Area#Tribal_land|current reservations and rancherias]]<ref> [https://www3.epa.gov/region9/air/maps/ca_tribe.html California Tribal Lands [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Archaeologists have found evidence to suggest the use of California Condors during rituals of early peoples in California, and other ceremonies included dancers wearing capes of condor skins and feathers <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Some Native peoples believed condors could "infuse" them with special powers. For example, because of the condor's extraordinary eyesight, some tribes within the [[California Central Coast Region]] believed wearing cloaks of condor feathers would grant them powers to find lost valuables and people <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. In 2018, the [[Esselen Tribe of Monterey County]] received a grant from the [[California Natural Resources Agency]] that allowed them to reclaim a 1,199-acre ranch along the northern slopes of the Little Sur River. This sacred land will be used by tribal members for traditional ceremonies, native plant gatherings, and the repatriation of tribal members. The Esselen Tribe's partnership with the [[Western Rivers Conservancy]] to conserve the native plants and wildlife of the land represents an important natural and cultural conservation success in the [[Central Coast Region]] <ref> [https://www.esselentribe.org/our-land Esselen Tribal Lands Conservation Project [Cited March 2021]] </ref>.<br />
<br />
; [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)]]: The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] manages over 69,000 acres of land in the [[California Central Coast Region]] that would be encompassed by the Range of the Condor NHA. These areas include the [[Big Sandy Ecological Reserve]], the [[Carrizo Plains Ecological Reserve]], and the [[Semitropic Ecological Preserve]]. The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] also manages wildlife on [[U.S. Army]] properties including [[Fort Hunter Liggett]] where hunters and fisherman can purchase an annual permit for $125 to access the property (as of 2021), any harvested animals have a tooth and hair samples taken for age and other biological analysis. There is also a region-wide reporting program in place to report sick or injured animals to the [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]]. Through this program, they are able to keep biological health records of specific animal populations in the area and can track disease spread. This kind of watch program is essential when assisting in the re-establishment of a species population, such as the [[California Condor]]. This partnership with wildlife management on the [[U.S. Army]] lands allows the [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] to have a broader scope of collaboration with varying agencies within the proposed Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other Non-Profit Organizations in California's Central Coast Region|Non-profit organizations]]: <br />
*[[Los Padres Forest Association]]<br />
*[[Ventana Wildlife Society]]<br />
*[[Ventana Wilderness Alliance]]<br />
*[[Condor Trail Association (CTA)|Condor Trail Association]]<br />
<br />
; [[Private Landowners with Conservation Easements]]: Private landowners who seek to partner with the NHA can place a conservation easement on their property and could waive the right to develop or mine their land. Landowner partners would retain the ownership and use of their land. <ref>[https://www.condorrange.org/about.html Range of the Condor - About] </ref> In [[California's Central Coast Region | California's Central Coast region]], a notable example of this form of partnership is the Hearst Ranch Conservation Easement in an agreement with the State of California. <ref>http://www.hearstranch.com/conservation/ Hearst Ranch] </ref><br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
<br />
* [[California Condor]]<br />
* [[Ventana Wildlife Society]]<br />
* [[Maps relating to the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]]<br />
* [[Lands that could potentially be designated for inclusion in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Designated wilderness areas in Calfornia's Central Coast Region]]<br />
* [[Wild and Scenic Rivers in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Range_of_the_Condor_National_Heritage_AreaRange of the Condor National Heritage Area2021-03-29T02:14:26Z<p>Fred: /* Function and Operation */</p>
<hr />
<div>A [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|organizational summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The [[Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]] is a proposed new [[National Heritage Area (NHA)]] spanning an [[Maps of the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|area]] defined by the current range of the [[California Condor]].<br />
<br />
This NHA designation would facilitate collaboration between [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|stakeholders (including government agencies and non-governmental organizations)]] for preservation, maintenance, project planning, and other land management duties throughout the area. NHAs also receive advising from the [[National Park Service (NPS)]] on technical and planning issues, as well as limited financial assistance.<br />
<br />
== Vision ==<br />
<br />
The vision for the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area includes all the traditional benefits [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)|NHAs]] confer to a region, in addition to novel assets at this particular area, including:<br />
<br />
* Preservation of habitat, especially for animals significant to the area's heritage like [[California Condor|California Condors]]. <br />
<br />
* Continuity between the Range of the Condor NHA and adjacent protected lands and coastal waters, offering exciting opportunities for research and recreation across uninterrupted wildlands, from the mountains to the sea. <br />
<br />
* Increased public access to land via new and improved trails, educational programs, and more.<br />
<br />
* Bolstered economic activity and jobs, including eco-tourism and new project development, throughout the region. <br />
<br />
* Public education on wildfires, fostering a new public attitude towards fires and fire management.<br />
<br />
* Completion of [[The Condor Trail]], which could be an iconic feature of the NHA and the State of California.<br />
<br />
* Construction of a 'University Trail' running between state universities in Monterey Bay and San Luis Obispo.<br />
<br />
== Governance ==<br />
<br />
NHAs across the country differ in their operational structure. The [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]] designation by Congress doesn't dictate a specific organizational hierarchy; only the oversight role of the [[National Park Service]]. Thus, new NHAs can look to existing ones for organizational blueprints, in addition to developing their own system that works locally. Some components of NHAs relevant to the Range of the Condor NHA are listed within the [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas|comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]. A range of goals and missions of all existing NHAs can be found in the [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)|missions, planning, and administration]] section.<br />
<br />
NHA operations are typically spearheaded by a '''Local Coordinating Entity (LCE)''', which acts as the public face of the NHA, taking a leadership role in coordination, and developing the required heritage area management plan. The LCE can be a non-governmental organization or a non-federal governmental organization.<br />
<br />
If the RCNHA is to be managed by a non-governmental organization, then this role could be played by the existing [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]]. On the other hand, if the RCNHA is be managed by a government organization, then a logical choice for the LCE might be [[CDFW]] or [[State Parks]].<br />
<br />
NHA creation generally requires cooperation between multiple agencies, which may be established through a [[JPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region|Memorandum of Understanding, Memorandum of Agreement, or a Joint Powers Agreement]]. These agreements would be between the [[NPS]], the local management entities, and the main LCE of the [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]]. <br />
MOU agreements have been used to create other [[National Heritage Area (NHA)|NHA]]s in the United States, such as the [[Mormon Pioneer National Heritage Area|Mormon Pioneer NHA]] and the [[Great Basin National Heritage Area|Great Basin NHA]] <ref> [https://www-jstor-org.csumb.idm.oclc.org/stable/10.5406/utahhistquar.88.2.0129?seq=1 From Skepticism to Support: National Heritage Areas in the West [Cited March 2021]] </ref>.<br />
<br />
[[JPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region|JPAs]] are widely used for various purposes in the [[California Central Coast Region]], such as [[California Community Power CCP]] which is a JPA created to combine energy buying power while advancing local and state climate goals. <ref> [https://solarindustrymag.com/eight-california-ccas-partner-to-form-new-joint-powers-authority [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. <br />
<br />
== Function ==<br />
<br />
...<br />
<br />
== Leadership ==<br />
<br />
The Range of the Condor National Heritage Area is proposed by the [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]] and former Congressman Sam Farr.<br />
<br />
== Key Partners ==<br />
[[File:NHAProposal.png|200px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br />
[[File:ExpansionWithSanctuaries.jpg|300px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
There are many organizations that manage land and wildlife within the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area. These organizations and their potential roles are summarized below, with [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area | further details tabulated in a separate page]].<br />
<br />
; [[National Park Service (NPS)]]: The [[National Park Service (NPS)|NPS]] manages approximately 513,150 acres of land within the proposed area for the Range of the Condor NHA. Parks within this area include [[Pinnacles National Park]], [[Channel Islands National Park]], [[Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI)]], [[Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area]], and [[César E. Chávez National Monument]]. The [[National Park Service (NPS)|NPS]] is also the federal agency in charge of general [[National Heritage Areas|National Heritage Area]] oversight, assisting in funding and helping with cohesive management within the local communities. <br />
<br />
; [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) | Bureau of Land Management (BLM)]]: The [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM)| BLM]] manages over 85,000 acres of habitat conservation areas and other public lands in the [[California's Central Coast Region]], including [[Fort Ord National Monument (FONM)]], [[California Coastal National Monument (CCNM)]], [[Carrizo Plain National Monument]], and [[Clear Creek Management Area (CCMA)]]. The National Monuments and Special Management Areas are located in geographically important habitats for the historic range of the California Condor and as a result, would be valuable corridors within the Range of the Condor NHA. <br />
<br />
; [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)]]: Since 1992, [[USFWS]] has operated the [[California Condor Recovery Program]], which breeds and reintroduces California Condors to the wild. The [[USFWS]] also manages designated critical habitat for the [[California Tiger Salamander in California's Central Coast Region|California Tiger Salamander]], and the Pacific Southwest Region office previously worked with state agencies to create a species recovery plan that started in 2017. The [[USFWS]] also manages the [[National Wildlife Refuge System]], which consists of a total of 26,303 acres out of the seven wildlife refuges in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area. Due to its involvement in the [[California Condor Recovery Program]], and its role in [[Central Coast]] conservation and management, the [[USFWS]] would be a strong partner for the Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[United States Forest Service (USFS)]]: The [[USFS]] manages 4,222,701 acres of National Forest land that are partially located in the proposed area for the Range of the Condor NHA. These forests include [[Los Padres National Forest (LPNF)]], [[Angeles National Forest]], [[San Bernardino National Forest]], and [[Sequoia National Forest]]. The [[USFS]]'s mission is to maintain and improve the health, diversity, and productivity of the nation’s forests and grasslands, and focuses on managing vegetation, restoring ecosystems, reducing hazards, and maintaining forest health <ref>[https://www.fs.fed.us/forestmanagement/ U.S Forest Service [Cited March 2021]]</ref>. As of 2014, 103 California Condors were surveyed in [[Los Padres National Forest (LPNF)|LPNF]] <ref> [https://lpfw.org/our-region/wildlife/california-condor/ Los Padres Forest Watch [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Additionally, within the southern region of [[LPNF]] lies the [[Sespe Condor Sanctuary]] which provides critical protected habitat for the [[California Condor]], making the [[USFS]] an ideal partner for the Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[United States Army lands and activities in California's Central Coast Region | United States Army]]: The Department of Defense's Army Department owns and manages over 223,200 acres of land in the [[California Central Coast Region]] that would potentially fall within the Range of the Condor NHA. This land is primarily used for the training and education of members of the U.S. Army. The Department of Defense and the [[The Conservation Fund]] have partnered to prevent residential encroachment near military boundaries, create buffer projects to preserve habitat, provide supportive education, and assist with regional planning. The [[United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)]] is also the leading federal agency pursuing civil works projects ranging from flood control to ecosystem restoration and has a significant reach and impact on the nation's natural resources and aquatic ecosystems. It oversees thousands of civil works projects and the Clean Water Act 404 Regulatory Program <ref> [https://www.conservationfund.org/our-work/conservation-fund-partnerships/federal-conservation-partnerships/u-s-department-of-defense U.S. Department of Defense. The Conservation Fund. [Cited March 2021]]</ref>. [[United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)| USACE]] may be an organizational partner in coordinating the management of the NHA with the U.S. Army and other agencies. <br />
<br />
; [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]]: [[NOAA]] manages over 7,500 square miles of coastal ocean along the [[California Central Coast]] within the [[Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary]] and [[Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary]]. These marine sanctuaries exemplify the strong connection between California's [[Central Coast]] region and protection of the natural environment, and they generate large amounts of tourism and recreational revenue by drawing interest to the beauty of this region. [[NOAA]] conducts large-scale research and monitoring programs along the coast, and collaborates with many [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|local research institutions and organizations]] to promote environmental stewardship and future resiliency. The NOAA [[National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)]] also manages commercial and recreational fisheries within the [[Central Coast]] region and is responsible for issuing permits related to the [[Endangered Species Act]]. [[NMFS]] coordinates with [[Regional Fishery Management Councils]] and other local partners, funds fisheries research, and provides jobs to many coastal-dependent communities. California Condors rely on healthy coastal ecosystems to provide the carrion of marine mammals such as whales and sea lions that wash up on the beaches of the [[Central Coast Region]].<ref>https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/California_Condor/lifehistory</ref><br />
<br />
; [[Native Americans in California's Central Coast Region|Native American Tribes]]: The [[California Condor]] has been an important symbol for Native Americans that represents the wilderness heritage of the [[Central Coast Region]]. It has been regarded as the "most impressive and majestic flying bird in North America," and has captured the attention of Native peoples throughout its history <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. The proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area would span at least a dozen different pre-contact tribal lands, <ref> [https://aimfireriversideca.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/calprecontact.gif California Tribal Communities [Cited March 2021]] </ref> and would encompass several [[Lands_that_could_potentially_be_encompassed_by_the_Range_of_the_Condor_National_Heritage_Area#Tribal_land|current reservations and rancherias]]<ref> [https://www3.epa.gov/region9/air/maps/ca_tribe.html California Tribal Lands [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Archaeologists have found evidence to suggest the use of California Condors during rituals of early peoples in California, and other ceremonies included dancers wearing capes of condor skins and feathers <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. Some Native peoples believed condors could "infuse" them with special powers. For example, because of the condor's extraordinary eyesight, some tribes within the [[California Central Coast Region]] believed wearing cloaks of condor feathers would grant them powers to find lost valuables and people <ref> [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23527 Wings of the Spirit: California Condor [Cited March 2021]] </ref>. In 2018, the [[Esselen Tribe of Monterey County]] received a grant from the [[California Natural Resources Agency]] that allowed them to reclaim a 1,199-acre ranch along the northern slopes of the Little Sur River. This sacred land will be used by tribal members for traditional ceremonies, native plant gatherings, and the repatriation of tribal members. The Esselen Tribe's partnership with the [[Western Rivers Conservancy]] to conserve the native plants and wildlife of the land represents an important natural and cultural conservation success in the [[Central Coast Region]] <ref> [https://www.esselentribe.org/our-land Esselen Tribal Lands Conservation Project [Cited March 2021]] </ref>.<br />
<br />
; [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)]]: The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] manages over 69,000 acres of land in the [[California Central Coast Region]] that would be encompassed by the Range of the Condor NHA. These areas include the [[Big Sandy Ecological Reserve]], the [[Carrizo Plains Ecological Reserve]], and the [[Semitropic Ecological Preserve]]. The [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] also manages wildlife on [[U.S. Army]] properties including [[Fort Hunter Liggett]] where hunters and fisherman can purchase an annual permit for $125 to access the property (as of 2021), any harvested animals have a tooth and hair samples taken for age and other biological analysis. There is also a region-wide reporting program in place to report sick or injured animals to the [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]]. Through this program, they are able to keep biological health records of specific animal populations in the area and can track disease spread. This kind of watch program is essential when assisting in the re-establishment of a species population, such as the [[California Condor]]. This partnership with wildlife management on the [[U.S. Army]] lands allows the [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)|CDFW]] to have a broader scope of collaboration with varying agencies within the proposed Range of the Condor NHA.<br />
<br />
; [[Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other Non-Profit Organizations in California's Central Coast Region|Non-profit organizations]]: <br />
*[[Los Padres Forest Association]]<br />
*[[Ventana Wildlife Society]]<br />
*[[Ventana Wilderness Alliance]]<br />
*[[Condor Trail Association (CTA)|Condor Trail Association]]<br />
<br />
; [[Private Landowners with Conservation Easements]]: Private landowners who seek to partner with the NHA can place a conservation easement on their property and could waive the right to develop or mine their land. Landowner partners would retain the ownership and use of their land. <ref>[https://www.condorrange.org/about.html Range of the Condor - About] </ref> In [[California's Central Coast Region | California's Central Coast region]], a notable example of this form of partnership is the Hearst Ranch Conservation Easement in an agreement with the State of California. <ref>http://www.hearstranch.com/conservation/ Hearst Ranch] </ref><br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
<br />
* [[California Condor]]<br />
* [[Ventana Wildlife Society]]<br />
* [[Maps relating to the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]]<br />
* [[Lands that could potentially be designated for inclusion in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[Designated wilderness areas in Calfornia's Central Coast Region]]<br />
* [[Wild and Scenic Rivers in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/California_Community_Power_(CCP)California Community Power (CCP)2021-03-29T01:51:56Z<p>Fred: </p>
<hr />
<div>A [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|organizational summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
Stub page. Not fleshed out yet.<br />
<br />
== CCP Vision ==<br />
<br />
"To leverage the buying power of our members to deliver more cost-effective, clean, and reliable energy solutions for our customers. We are eight California Community Choice Aggregators that have come together to partner on our shared vision to accelerate the transition to a clean energy future. CC Power members represent 2.6 million customers across more than 140 municipalities spanning from Humboldt County to Santa Barbara County. Our members serve a combined load of 32,600-gigawatt hours." <ref> [https://cacommunitypower.org/about-us-ca/]</ref> <ref> [https://solarindustrymag.com/eight-california-ccas-partner-to-form-new-joint-powers-authority] </ref><br />
<br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
<br />
* [[JPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/JPAs,_MOUs,_and_MOA%27s_in_California%27s_Central_Coast_RegionJPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region2021-03-29T01:51:09Z<p>Fred: /* Local JPAs, MOUs, and MOAs, */</p>
<hr />
<div>An [[Summaries of Environmental Topics in California's Central Coast Region|environmental topic]], summarized by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs), Memoranda of Agreement (MOAs), and Joint Powers Agencies or Authorities (JPAs) are some of the cooperative and legal instruments that can be used to facilitate inter-agency coordination on resource management. This page explains what these instruments are and describes some examples relevant to California's [[Central Coast region]].<br />
<br />
The stakeholders involved when establishing MOUs for National Heritage areas include not-for-profit organizations, federal commissions, institutions of higher education, and state and local governments. In order for the performance of newly established National Heritage Areas to be tracked, National Heritage Areas Program Annual Reporting Forms need to be completed by the stakeholders established within the JPA/MOU/MOA. In many conservation projects where multiple agencies overlap in their jurisdictions, many MOUs/MOAs/JPAs are often needed. MOUs/MOAs/JPAs should help determine the lead agency to oversee natural resource issues in conservation.<br />
<br />
== Definitions ==<br />
; Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) : An MOU is an agreement between both private and public agencies with an intent to collaborate, cooperate, and share information in areas of common regulation and supervision. MOUs can also be formed with academic institutions and other entities like non-profit organizations. MOUs are non-binding agreements that are often entered to describe broad concepts of common understanding, goals, and cooperative planning between parties <ref>https://media.defense.gov/2017/Mar/13/2001710658/-1/-1/0/CI_5216_18.PDF </ref>. MOUs can be categorized into three overarching groups: Academic MOUs, Domestic MOUs, and Non-Profit and other MOUs. <br />
; Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) : An MOA is different than an MOU because it describes in detail any specific responsibilities and actions needed to be taken by each party involved in order to accomplish a set goal <ref>https://media.defense.gov/2017/Mar/13/2001710658/-1/-1/0/CI_5216_18.PDF </ref>. Both MOUs and MOAs are required to follow the mission of the federal agency involved as well as federal law, regulation, and funding limitations. MOUs and MOAs also do not drumpf the need for separate contracts, documents, and agreements to meet the goals of the respective parties involved. MOUs and MOAs are not to be used as the sole authority to meet a goal or acquire goods and services.<br />
; Joint Powers Agreement (JPA) : Some JPAs are cooperative agreements between existing agencies and others to create separate institutions that are known as joint powers agencies <ref> https://sgf.senate.ca.gov/sites/sgf.senate.ca.gov/files/GWTFinalversion2.pdf </ref>. JPAs are established to work on a common problem between two or more parties, fund projects, or act as representative body to different activities <ref> https://sgf.senate.ca.gov/sites/sgf.senate.ca.gov/files/GWTFinalversion2.pdf </ref>. JPAs can be formed between federal institutions, state departments, counties, cities, school districts, development agencies and other joint power institutions. JPAs can also be formed across state lines. JPAs are currently formed for groundwater management, infrastructure development, habitat conservation, mental health facilities construction, etc <ref> https://sgf.senate.ca.gov/sites/sgf.senate.ca.gov/files/GWTFinalversion2.pdf </ref>.<br />
<br />
== Process of establishing MOUs/MOAs==<br />
<br />
The first stage in the process of establishing MOUs/MOAs is the planning stage <ref> https://aspe.hhs.gov/basic-report/guide-memorandum-understanding-negotiation-and-development#chapII </ref>. This is when internal brainstorming begins between administrators, case managers, or others parties involved in order to identify:<br />
<br />
# What you want or need another party to provide<br />
# What you are willing to negotiate<br />
# What you are willing to give up<br />
# What you have to offer<br />
# The rationale for entering the MOU process <ref> https://aspe.hhs.gov/basic-report/guide-memorandum-understanding-negotiation-and-development#chapII </ref>. <br />
<br />
The second step of the planning stage involves identifying the potential providers of the specific community. This allows for the needs of the community to be identified and allows a plan or goal to be set in order to meet those needs. The third step is focused on identifying the program objectives of the particular MOU/MOA and understanding if the objectives can be met without the MOU/MOA. The third step is regarded as the most crucial part of creating a MOU/MOA. The fourth step involves understanding the level of staff to be involved in the negotiation process that will take place in another stage of the MOU/MOA process. The last two steps of the planning stage involve identifying agencies that have resources to provide services and also have the authority to do so. <br />
<br />
The second stage is known as the negotiation stage <ref> https://aspe.hhs.gov/basic-report/guide-memorandum-understanding-negotiation-and-development#chapII </ref>. The negotiation stage begins with a contact with between the parties to discuss specific elements of the MOU/MOA. The overall concept of the MOU/MOA is presented to the case management of different agencies that are planning on working together in order to agree on the terms of the agreement.<br />
<br />
The third stage is where the MOU/MOA is completed <ref> https://aspe.hhs.gov/basic-report/guide-memorandum-understanding-negotiation-and-development#chapII </ref>. This final stage involves the preparation of a draft of the MOU instrument which is based on your meeting and negotiations with the provider agency. Generally, since you are initiating the process, you will assume responsibility for preparing the draft. Send the draft to the other party, along with a cover letter in which you identify controversial areas. Try to negotiate those points where there is some flexibility and identify the immutable points. This phase of the negotiation could be handled by phone or in person. Involving the persons with the authority to negotiate for the agency at this draft stage can minimize the time to complete the MOU.<br />
<br />
== Local JPAs, MOUs, and MOAs, ==<br />
<br />
* Coast Dairies Management Area on the north coast of [[City of Santa Cruz | Santa Cruz County]] <ref> https://www.blm.gov/press-release/blm-signs-partnership-agreement-amah-mutsun-land-trust </ref><br />
** '''Parties:''' [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) | Bureau of Land Management]] and the Amah Mutsun Land Trust<br />
** '''Purpose:''' The purpose of this MOU is to provide tribal members access to Coast Dairies, allow the collection of plant materials on Coast Dairies, and facilitate collaboration between BLM and AMLT that will help guide management planning at Coast Dairies.<br />
<br />
* Laguna Grande Regional Park Joint Powers Agency <ref> https://www.mprpd.org/files/950f3eee4/LGJPA-Agenda_093019.pdf </ref><br />
** '''Parties:''' [[Monterey County Regional Park District | Monterey County Regional Park District]] , [[City of Monterey | City of Monterey]], [[City of Seaside | City of Seaside]]<br />
** '''Purpose:''' This agency was created to coordinate the development and maintenance of the Laguna Regional Park<br />
* Canyon Del Rey Watershed Joint Powers Agency <ref> https://www.ci.seaside.ca.us/DocumentCenter/View/10036/Canyon-Del-Rey-Watershed-Joint-Powers-Agency-Article-1-PDF </ref> <br />
**'''Parties:''' Cities: Del Rey Oaks, Monterey, Seaside; Monterey County; and the [[Monterey County Regional Park District | Monterey Peninsula Regional Park District]]<br />
** '''Purpose:''' This agency was created to coordinate the development and maintenance of the Canyon Del Rey Watershed to preserve and improve the quality of the water<br />
* [[Monterey Peninsula | Monterey Peninsula]] Regional Water Authority (MPRWA) <ref> https://monterey.org/MPRWA-Hosted-Archive/The-Authority </ref><br />
**'''Parties:''' Mayors of [[Carmel | Carmel-by-the-Sea]], Del Rey Oaks, Monterey, Pacific Grove, Sand City, and Seaside<br />
** '''Purpose:''' This agency was created to find a solution to the Peninsula Water Shortage caused by the over drafting of the Carmel River <br />
* [[Desalination in California's Central Coast Region | Deep Water Desalination]] <ref> https://www.deepwaterdesal.com/joint-powers-authority.htm </ref><br />
**'''Parties:''' Monterey Bay Regional Water Project and the Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination (SWRO) Plant<br />
** '''Purpose:''' The purpose of this agency is to design and construct the SWRO facility and later operate the facility for a period of time.<br />
* [[Regional Government Services]]<br />
* [[California Community Power (CCP)|California Community Power]]<br />
<br />
== Other Examples in Conservation==<br />
<br />
* California Condor Restoration Memorandum of Understanding May 2018 <ref> https://parkplanning.nps.gov/document.cfm?parkID=336&projectID=66364&documentID=88289 </ref><br />
** '''Parties:''' [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service]], [[National Park Service (NPS) | The National Park Service]], [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) | Bureau of Land Management]], [[United States Forest Service (USFS) | U.S. Forest Service]], the Yurok Tribe, [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) | California Department of Fish and Wildlife]], [[California Department of Parks and Recreation (State Parks) | California Department of Parks and Recreation]], Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Oregon Zoo, the Sequoia Park Zoo, the Ventana Wildlife Society, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, PacifiCorp d.b.a. Pacific Power, Green Diamond Resource Company, and Hells Canyon Preservation Council. <br />
** '''Purpose:''' Provide detailed goals of cooperation and encourage close coordination among the parties involved to support ongoing conservation of the California condor<br />
<br />
* The Conservation of Migratory Birds <ref> https://www.fws.gov/migratorybirds/pdf/management/mounps.pdf </ref> <br />
** '''Parties:''' [[National Park Service (NPS) | The National Park Service]] and [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service]]<br />
** '''Purpose:''' The purpose of this MOU is to increase migratory bird conservation by identifying and developing strategies used to complement and support existing efforts, and create new collaborative migratory bird conservation partnerships and efficient planning strategies for migratory birds. <br />
<br />
* Protection of National Parks and Other Protected Natural and Cultural Heritage Sites <ref> https://iea.uoregon.edu/MarineMammals/engine/research/0-3309-3313htm_1.htm </ref><br />
** '''Parties:''' [[National Park Service (NPS) | The National Park Service]] and the Secretariat of Urban Development and Ecology United Mexican States<br />
** '''Purpose:''' The purpose of this MOU is to promote the rational use and management of natural resources within protected national areas and natural and cultural heritage<br />
* National Pollution Discharge <ref>https://www.bsee.gov/sites/bsee.gov/files/doi-epa-npdes-mou-signed-and-ocrd.pdf </ref><br />
** '''Parties:''' Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement, and the [[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)| Environmental Protection Agency]] <br />
** '''Purpose:''' This MOU was created to promote coordination between the oil and gas agencies' lease activities on the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS).<br />
* Cooperation in Management and Protection of National Parks and Other Protected Natural and Cultural Heritage Sites, Mexico City and Washington <ref> https://iea.uoregon.edu/MarineMammals/engine/research/0-3309-3313htm_1.htm </ref><br />
** '''Parties:''' [[National Park Service (NPS) | The National Park Service]] and the Secretariat of Urban Development and Ecology<br />
** '''Purpose:''' The purpose of the MOU was to work towards the conservation of protected natural areas and their biodiversity, the preservation of cultural heritage and natural resources, and sustainable development alternatives for rural Mexican communities <ref> https://books.google.com/books?id=ixvUpq8j-gwC&pg=PA3309&lpg=PA3309&dq=Memorandum+of+Understanding+Between+the+National+Park+Service+of+the+Department+of+the+Interior+of+the+United+States+of+America+and+the+Secretariat+of+Urban+Development+and+Ecology+on+Cooperation+in+Management+and+Protection+of+National+Parks+and+Other+Protected+Natural+and+Cultural+Heritage+Sites,+Mexico+City+and+Washington,+1988-1989+MEMORANDUM+OF+UNDERSTANDING+between+NATIONAL+PARK+SERVICE+OF+THE+DEPARTMENT+OF+THE+INTERIOR+OF+THE+UNITED+STATES+OF+AMERICA+and+SECRETARIAT+OF+URBAN+DEVELOPMENT+AND+ECOLOGY+UNITED+MEXICAN+STATES+on+Cooperation+in+Management+and+Protection+of+National+Parks+and+Other+Protected+Natural+and+Cultural+Heritage+Sites&source=bl&ots=iwBsuX6A7j&sig=ACfU3U1es6X6XPXY3cjf0RNcaE022oMBhA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj3__vInKzvAhXFWM0KHb8QASEQ6AEwAXoECAEQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false </ref>. <br />
* Establishing the Federal Native Plant Conservation Committee of the Plant Conservation Alliance <ref> https://www.blm.gov/sites/blm.gov/files/PCA%20MOU%202019%205%20signed.pdf </ref><br />
** '''Parties:''' [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) | Bureau of Land Management]], [[National Park Service (NPS) | The National Park Service]], Smithsonian Institution, United States Botanic Garden, [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service]], and [[United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) | USDA]] Agricultural Research Service<br />
** '''Purpose:''' The purpose of this MOU is to allow the Federal Native Plant Conservation Committee to continue working through the Plant Conservation Alliance. The involved parties will identify and recommend conservation needs for native plants and their habitats and coordinate programs in order to meet those needs <ref> https://www.blm.gov/sites/blm.gov/files/PCA%20MOU%202019%205%20signed.pdf </ref><br />
<br />
=== Other examples===<br />
<br />
* Mission Trails Regional Occupational Program <ref> https://www.salinasuhsd.org/Page/112 </ref><br />
** '''Parties:''' Carmel Unified School District, Gonzales Unified School District, Monterey Peninsula Unified School District, North Monterey County School District, Soledad Unified School District, South Monterey County Joint Union High School District and Salinas Union High School District<br />
** '''Purpose:''' This JPA was established to "develop, administer, and operate as a strong mechanism of collaboration and support in CTE programs across Monterey County" <ref> https://www.salinasuhsd.org/Page/112 </ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/California_Community_Power_(CCP)California Community Power (CCP)2021-03-29T01:49:30Z<p>Fred: Fred moved page California Community Power CCP to California Community Power (CCP)</p>
<hr />
<div>A [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|organizational summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
...'''to be written'''...<br />
<br />
== Vision ==<br />
<br />
"To leverage the buying power of our members to deliver more cost-effective, clean, and reliable energy solutions for our customers. We are eight California Community Choice Aggregators that have come together to partner on our shared vision to accelerate the transition to a clean energy future. CC Power members represent 2.6 million customers across more than 140 municipalities spanning from Humboldt County to Santa Barbara County. Our members serve a combined load of 32,600-gigawatt hours." <ref> [https://cacommunitypower.org/about-us-ca/]</ref> <ref> [https://solarindustrymag.com/eight-california-ccas-partner-to-form-new-joint-powers-authority] </ref><br />
<br />
== Function and Operation ==<br />
<br />
...'''to be written'''...<br />
<br />
== Key Partners ==<br />
<br />
...'''to be written'''...<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/California_Community_Power_CCPCalifornia Community Power CCP2021-03-29T01:49:30Z<p>Fred: Fred moved page California Community Power CCP to California Community Power (CCP)</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[California Community Power (CCP)]]</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Federal_legislation_and_executive_orders_relating_to_federal_lands_in_California%27s_Central_Coast_regionFederal legislation and executive orders relating to federal lands in California's Central Coast region2021-03-29T01:45:26Z<p>Fred: /* Federal legislation and executive orders involving lands managed by the United States Bureau of Land Management */</p>
<hr />
<div>An [[Summaries of Environmental Topics in California's Central Coast Region|environmental summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
== Federal legislation and executive orders involving lands managed by [[National Park Service (NPS) | The National Park Service ]]== <br />
*'''The Antiquities Act of 1906''' <ref>https://www.nps.gov/history/local-law/anti1906.htm</ref><br />
** The Antiquities Act was the first law in the U.S. to provide general protection for any general kind of "cultural or natural resource" <ref> https://www.nps.gov/archeology/tools/laws/AntAct.htm </ref>. It established the first national historic preservation policy for the United States. The statute provided a tool for politicians and their supporters to clearly identify the uses of public lands and resources with a concentration in conservation. The act dissolved the requirement of parks or reserves to have an act of Congress as well as Presidential approval to begin conservation efforts, allowing the establishment of national monuments to be quicker. The Antiquities Act was utilized by presidents during the late 20th and early 21st century to designate national monuments.<br />
*'''Title 16 - Conservation of 1890'''<br />
**26 Stat. 478, 16 USC 41<br />
***Established [[Sequoia National Park]] including only the drainage of the South Fork of the Kaweah River - Garfield Grove and Hockett Meadow <ref> https://www.nps.gov/seki/learn/management/enabling-legislation.htm </ref><br />
*'''Public Law 85-665 of 1940''' <ref> http://famousredwoods.com/kings_canyon_national_park/#:~:text=On%20September%2028%2C%201984%2C%20Kings,receives%20nearly%20600%2C000%20visitors%20annually </ref><br />
**54 Stat. 41, 16 USC 80a<br />
***Established [[Kings Canyon National Park]] and expanded its boundary to its current approximate condition <ref>https://www.nps.gov/seki/learn/management/enabling-legislation.htm#:~:text=California%20Wilderness%20Act%20of%201984,Establishes%20Sequoia%2FKings%20Canyon%20Wilderness.</ref><br />
*'''Proclamation No. 2825 of 1949''' <ref> https://www.nps.gov/chis/learn/historyculture/park-history.htm </ref><br />
**Signed by President Truman which added 17,635 acres to the [[Channel Islands National Park]] shortly after its establishment as a national monument in 1938. <br />
*'''Federal Property Act of 1949''' <ref>https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1508/index.htm</ref><br />
**The purpose of this act is to help increase local recreation opportunities while reducing the federal government’s inventory of real property. This program has transferred about 184,000 acres of land to date to state and local governments for parks and recreation use.<br />
*'''The Wilderness Act of 1964''' <ref>https://wilderness.net/learn-about-wilderness/key-laws/wilderness-act/default.php</ref><br />
**A law that created the legal definition of wilderness in the U.S., which protects 9.1 million acres (37,000 km²) of federal land. The definition is as follows; "A wilderness, in contrast with those areas where man and his own works dominate the landscape, is hereby recognized as an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain." - Howard Zahniser<br />
* In 2012, President Barack Obama established the [[César E. Chávez National Monument]].<br />
* In 2013, President Barack Obama redesignated Pinnacles National Monument to become [[Pinnacles National Park]].<br />
<br />
== Federal legislation and executive orders involving lands managed by the [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM)|United States Bureau of Land Management]]== <br />
<br />
* History needed for:<br />
** Clear Creek Management Area (CCMA)<br />
** Joaquin Rocks<br />
** etc.<br />
* In 2012, President Barack Obama designated [[Fort Ord National Monument (FONM)|Fort Ord National Monument]].<br />
<br />
==Federal laws involving lands managed by the [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service]]==<br />
*'''National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966''' <ref>https://www.fws.gov/laws/lawsdigest/nwrsact.html</ref><br />
**This act establishes the guidelines and directives for administration and management of all areas in [[National Wildlife Refuge System]] including "wildlife refuges, areas for the protection and conservation of fish and wildlife that are threatened with extinction, wildlife ranges, game ranges, wildlife management areas, and waterfowl production areas.<br />
*'''National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act''' <ref>https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Salinas_River/1997Act.html</ref><br />
**Amends the National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 in a manner that provides an “Organic Act” for the Refuge System.<br />
*'''[[Big Sur Region | Big Sur]] Wilderness and Conservation Act of 2002''' <ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/4750</ref><br />
**This law designated specific lands administered by [[BLM]], [[USFS]], or [[NPS]] in California as wilderness, as components of the [[National Wilderness Preservation System]], and as additions to the Ventana, Silver Peak, or Pinnacles Wilderness areas.<br />
**The following federal lands affected by this legislation are as follows:<br />
***[[Ellicott Slough National Wildlife Refuge]] near Watsonville (201 acres)<br />
***[[Salinas River National Wildlife Refuge]] near Marina (367 acres)<br />
***[[Bitter Creek National Wildlife Refuge (BCNWR)]] near Taft (14,097 acres)<br />
***[[Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes National Wildlife Refuge (GNDNWR)]] near Nipomo (2,553 acres)<br />
***[[Kern National Wildlife Refuge]] near Lost Hills, in the [[California Central Valley Region]] (1,249 acres)<br />
***[[Pixley National Wildlife Refuge]] near Delano, in the [[California Central Valley Region]] (6,939 acres)<br />
***[[Blue Ridge National Wildlife Refuge (BRNWR)]] near Visalia in the foothills of the southern Sierra Nevada (897 acres)<br />
<br />
== Federal Laws involving lands managed by the [[United States Forest Service (USFS) | United States Forest Service ]]==<br />
===Laws affecting the entire United States=== <br />
*'''Forest Reserve Act of 1891''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100217050446/http://www.fs.fed.us/gpnf/forest-research/heritage/early1.html#top</ref><br />
**After two decades of debate about public land management, this act was passed in order to give the [[United States Department of the Interior (DOI)]] the authority to manage "forest reserves."<ref>https://www.wilderness.org/articles/article/how-america-started-saving-national-forests</ref> <br />
** This act affects the management of [[Los Padres National Forest]].<br />
*'''The Transfer Act of 1905''' <ref>https://foresthistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Transfer_Act_1905.pdf</ref><br />
**This act "unified" all Federal forest management under the[[United States Department of Agriculture | Department of Agriculture]]. <ref> https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev3_004814.pdf </ref>. This allowed the former Bureau of Forestry to be established as the Forest Service on July 1, 1905. <br />
*'''The Weeks Act of 1911''' <ref>https://foresthistory.org/research-explore/us-forest-service-history/policy-and-law/the-weeks-act/</ref><br />
**This act created a true national forest system where the federal government was allowed to purchase and maintain land in the eastern U.S. Prior to this act, local and federal governments did not own substantial land east of the Mississippi River <ref> https://www.plymouth.edu/mwm/the-weeks-act-of-1911/ </ref><br />
*'''The Multiple Use - Sustained Yield Act of 1960''' <ref>https://www.fs.fed.us/emc/nfma/includes/musya60.pdf</ref><br />
**Authorizes and directs the Secretary of Agriculture to develop and administer the renewable resources of timber, range, water, recreation and wildlife on the national forests for multiple use and sustained yield of the products and services. <br />
*'''The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1970''' <ref>https://ceq.doe.gov/#:~:text=Congress%20enacted%20NEPA%20to%20establish,Carta%22%20of%20Federal%20environmental%20laws.</ref><br />
** NEPA was enacted to establish a national policy for the environment and to provide additional support for the establishment of the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ). NEPA was the first major environmental law in the United States <ref> https://ceq.doe.gov </ref><br />
*'''Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974''' <ref>https://www.fs.fed.us/emc/nfma/includes/range74.pdf</ref><br />
**authorizes long-range planning by [[USFS]] to protect, develop, and enhance the productivity and other values of forest resources. It requires that a renewable resource assessment and a Forest Service plan be prepared every ten and five years, respectively, to plan and prepare for the future of natural resources. <br />
*'''The National Forest Management Act (NFMA) of 1976''' <ref>https://www.sierraforestlegacy.org/FC_LawsPolicyRegulations/FPP_NFMA.php</ref><br />
**This law is the main statute governing the administration of national forests and was an amendment to the [[Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974]]. <br />
**This law was amended by a 2012 planning rule. <ref>https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fseprd583096.pdf</ref><br />
*'''The Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978''' <ref>https://www.agriculture.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Cooperative%20Forestry%20Assistance%20Act%20Of%201978.pdf</ref><br />
** This law revised the authority of the United States Forest Service to provide financial and technical assistance to states and private landowners on a variety of forestry issues, including forest management and stewardship, fire protection, insect and disease control, reforestation and stand improvement, and urban forestry.<br />
<br />
===Laws that affect the [[California's Central Coast Region | California Central Coast Region]]===<br />
*'''The Wilderness Act of 1964''' <ref>https://wilderness.net/learn-about-wilderness/key-laws/wilderness-act/default.php</ref><br />
**A law that created the legal definition of wilderness in the U.S., which protects 9.1 million acres (37,000 km²) of federal land. The definition is as follows; "A wilderness, in contrast with those areas where man and his own works dominate the landscape, is hereby recognized as an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain." - Howard Zahniser. <br />
**This law established the [[National Wilderness Preservation System]] which helped create the following wilderness areas;<br />
***[[San Rafael Wilderness]] (194,380 acres (787 km2))<br />
***[[Santa Lucia Wilderness]] (20,412 acres (83 km2) in the Lucia District, in the Santa Lucia Mountains)<br />
*Ventana Wilderness Act <br />
**Established in 1969, which redesignated 98,000 acres of the Ventana Primitive Area as the Ventana Wilderness.<br />
***[[Ventana Wilderness]] (240,026 acres (971 km2)) <ref>https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/statement-signing-bill-designating-the-ventana-wilderness-california</ref><br />
*'''Endangered American Wilderness Act of 1978''' <ref>https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/95/hr3454</ref><br />
**Established ten new designated Wilderness Areas in the National Forests of several Western states. In California, it created the following; <br />
***306,000 acre Golden Trout Wilderness in the Inyo and Sequoia National Forests<br />
***21,250 acre Santa Lucia Wilderness in the Los Padres National Forest<br />
***Added 61,000 acres to the established [[Ventana Wilderness]] in the [[Los Padres National Forest]]<br />
*'''California Wilderness Act of 1984''' <ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/98th-congress/house-bill/1437</ref><br />
**This act authorized the addition of over 3 million acres (12,000 km2) [1] within the state of California to the [[National Wilderness Preservation System]]. It created the following;<br />
***[[Dick Smith Wilderness]] (64,800 acres (262 km2) in the Santa Barbara Ranger District)<br />
***Added 2,750 acres to the established [[Ventana Wilderness]] in the [[Los Padres National Forest]]<br />
** The [[Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail]] was designated by Congress in 1990<br />
*'''The Los Padres Condor Range and River Protection Act of 1992''' <ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-106/pdf/STATUTE-106-Pg242.pdf</ref><br />
**Established six new designated Wilderness Areas and three new designated [[Wild and Scenic Rivers in California's Central Coast Region|Wild and Scenic Rivers]] in the Los Padres National Forest and Angeles National Forest in California. These include the following:<br />
***[[Chumash Wilderness]] (38,150 acres (154 km2) in the Mt. Pinos Ranger District, just west of Mount Pinos)<br />
***[[Garcia Wilderness]] (14,100 acres (57 km2) in the Lucia District)<br />
***[[Machesna Mountain Wilderness]] (19,880 acres (80 km2), in the La Panza Range in San Luis Obispo County)<br />
***[[Matilija Wilderness]] (29,600 acres (120 km2) in the Ojai Ranger District)<br />
***[[Sespe Wilderness]] (219,700 acres (889 km2), in both the Ojai and Mt. Pinos Ranger Districts)<br />
***[[Silver Peak Wilderness]] (31,555 acres (128 km2), in the Monterey District)<br />
***[[Sisquoc River]] - 33 miles (Wild River)<br />
***[[Sespe Creek]] - 31.5 miles (4 miles as a Scenic River and 27.5 miles as a Wild River)<br />
***[[Big Sur River]] - 19.5 miles (Wild River)<br />
***It also added 38,800 acres to the established [[Ventana Wilderness]] in the [[Los Padres National Forest]]<br />
*'''[[Big Sur Region | Big Sur]] Wilderness and Conservation Act of 2002''' <ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/4750</ref><br />
**Added 35,800 acres to the established [[Ventana Wilderness]] in the [[Los Padres National Forest]]. The wilderness currently has a total of 240,026 acres.<br />
<br />
==Federal laws involving ocean areas overseen by the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]]==<br />
*'''National Marine Sanctuaries Act of 1972'''<br />
** This act authorizes the Secretary of Commerce to identify and protect areas of the marine environment with special national significance. Some examples of significance are conservation, recreational, ecological, historical, scientific, cultural, archeological, educational or esthetic qualities <ref> https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/about/legislation/ </ref>. Daily management of national marine sanctuaries has been overseen by the Secretary of Commerce to NOAA's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. The main goal of the NMSA is to protect marine resources, such as coral reefs, sunken historical vessels or unique habitats.<br />
** Established the [[Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS)]]. <ref>https://montereybay.noaa.gov/resourcepro/regs-boundry.html#:~:text=Overview,for%20their%20management%20and%20protection.</ref><br />
**Established the [[Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary]]. <ref>https://nmschannelislands.blob.core.windows.net/channelislands-prod/media/archive/sac/pdfs/gjfr_99.pdf</ref><br />
* '''Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) of 1972''' <ref>https://coast.noaa.gov/czm/act/</ref><br />
**This act provides for the management of the nation’s coastal resources, including the Great Lakes. The goal of the act is to “preserve, protect, develop, and where possible, to restore or enhance the resources of the nation’s coastal zone" <ref> https://coast.noaa.gov/czm/act/ </ref>. The CZMA outlines three national programs: the National Coastal Zone Management Program, the National Estuarine Research Reserve System, and the Coastal and Estuarine Land Conservation Program (CELCP). <br />
**Established the [[Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve (ESNERR)]].<br />
<br />
== Related links ==<br />
<br />
* [[Legislation related to environmental management in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
* [[United States Department of the Interior (DOI)]]<br />
* [[National Park Service (NPS)]]<br />
* [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM)]]<br />
* [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)]]<br />
* [[United States Forest Service (USFS)]]<br />
* [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessary reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Federal_legislation_and_executive_orders_relating_to_federal_lands_in_California%27s_Central_Coast_regionFederal legislation and executive orders relating to federal lands in California's Central Coast region2021-03-29T01:40:34Z<p>Fred: /* Federal legislation and executive orders involving lands managed by The National Park Service */</p>
<hr />
<div>An [[Summaries of Environmental Topics in California's Central Coast Region|environmental summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
== Federal legislation and executive orders involving lands managed by [[National Park Service (NPS) | The National Park Service ]]== <br />
*'''The Antiquities Act of 1906''' <ref>https://www.nps.gov/history/local-law/anti1906.htm</ref><br />
** The Antiquities Act was the first law in the U.S. to provide general protection for any general kind of "cultural or natural resource" <ref> https://www.nps.gov/archeology/tools/laws/AntAct.htm </ref>. It established the first national historic preservation policy for the United States. The statute provided a tool for politicians and their supporters to clearly identify the uses of public lands and resources with a concentration in conservation. The act dissolved the requirement of parks or reserves to have an act of Congress as well as Presidential approval to begin conservation efforts, allowing the establishment of national monuments to be quicker. The Antiquities Act was utilized by presidents during the late 20th and early 21st century to designate national monuments.<br />
*'''Title 16 - Conservation of 1890'''<br />
**26 Stat. 478, 16 USC 41<br />
***Established [[Sequoia National Park]] including only the drainage of the South Fork of the Kaweah River - Garfield Grove and Hockett Meadow <ref> https://www.nps.gov/seki/learn/management/enabling-legislation.htm </ref><br />
*'''Public Law 85-665 of 1940''' <ref> http://famousredwoods.com/kings_canyon_national_park/#:~:text=On%20September%2028%2C%201984%2C%20Kings,receives%20nearly%20600%2C000%20visitors%20annually </ref><br />
**54 Stat. 41, 16 USC 80a<br />
***Established [[Kings Canyon National Park]] and expanded its boundary to its current approximate condition <ref>https://www.nps.gov/seki/learn/management/enabling-legislation.htm#:~:text=California%20Wilderness%20Act%20of%201984,Establishes%20Sequoia%2FKings%20Canyon%20Wilderness.</ref><br />
*'''Proclamation No. 2825 of 1949''' <ref> https://www.nps.gov/chis/learn/historyculture/park-history.htm </ref><br />
**Signed by President Truman which added 17,635 acres to the [[Channel Islands National Park]] shortly after its establishment as a national monument in 1938. <br />
*'''Federal Property Act of 1949''' <ref>https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1508/index.htm</ref><br />
**The purpose of this act is to help increase local recreation opportunities while reducing the federal government’s inventory of real property. This program has transferred about 184,000 acres of land to date to state and local governments for parks and recreation use.<br />
*'''The Wilderness Act of 1964''' <ref>https://wilderness.net/learn-about-wilderness/key-laws/wilderness-act/default.php</ref><br />
**A law that created the legal definition of wilderness in the U.S., which protects 9.1 million acres (37,000 km²) of federal land. The definition is as follows; "A wilderness, in contrast with those areas where man and his own works dominate the landscape, is hereby recognized as an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain." - Howard Zahniser<br />
* In 2012, President Barack Obama established the [[César E. Chávez National Monument]].<br />
* In 2013, President Barack Obama redesignated Pinnacles National Monument to become [[Pinnacles National Park]].<br />
<br />
== Federal legislation and executive orders involving lands managed by the [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM)|United States Bureau of Land Management]]== <br />
<br />
* ...<br />
<br />
==Federal laws involving lands managed by the [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service]]==<br />
*'''National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966''' <ref>https://www.fws.gov/laws/lawsdigest/nwrsact.html</ref><br />
**This act establishes the guidelines and directives for administration and management of all areas in [[National Wildlife Refuge System]] including "wildlife refuges, areas for the protection and conservation of fish and wildlife that are threatened with extinction, wildlife ranges, game ranges, wildlife management areas, and waterfowl production areas.<br />
*'''National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act''' <ref>https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Salinas_River/1997Act.html</ref><br />
**Amends the National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 in a manner that provides an “Organic Act” for the Refuge System.<br />
*'''[[Big Sur Region | Big Sur]] Wilderness and Conservation Act of 2002''' <ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/4750</ref><br />
**This law designated specific lands administered by [[BLM]], [[USFS]], or [[NPS]] in California as wilderness, as components of the [[National Wilderness Preservation System]], and as additions to the Ventana, Silver Peak, or Pinnacles Wilderness areas.<br />
**The following federal lands affected by this legislation are as follows:<br />
***[[Ellicott Slough National Wildlife Refuge]] near Watsonville (201 acres)<br />
***[[Salinas River National Wildlife Refuge]] near Marina (367 acres)<br />
***[[Bitter Creek National Wildlife Refuge (BCNWR)]] near Taft (14,097 acres)<br />
***[[Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes National Wildlife Refuge (GNDNWR)]] near Nipomo (2,553 acres)<br />
***[[Kern National Wildlife Refuge]] near Lost Hills, in the [[California Central Valley Region]] (1,249 acres)<br />
***[[Pixley National Wildlife Refuge]] near Delano, in the [[California Central Valley Region]] (6,939 acres)<br />
***[[Blue Ridge National Wildlife Refuge (BRNWR)]] near Visalia in the foothills of the southern Sierra Nevada (897 acres)<br />
<br />
== Federal Laws involving lands managed by the [[United States Forest Service (USFS) | United States Forest Service ]]==<br />
===Laws affecting the entire United States=== <br />
*'''Forest Reserve Act of 1891''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100217050446/http://www.fs.fed.us/gpnf/forest-research/heritage/early1.html#top</ref><br />
**After two decades of debate about public land management, this act was passed in order to give the [[United States Department of the Interior (DOI)]] the authority to manage "forest reserves."<ref>https://www.wilderness.org/articles/article/how-america-started-saving-national-forests</ref> <br />
** This act affects the management of [[Los Padres National Forest]].<br />
*'''The Transfer Act of 1905''' <ref>https://foresthistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Transfer_Act_1905.pdf</ref><br />
**This act "unified" all Federal forest management under the[[United States Department of Agriculture | Department of Agriculture]]. <ref> https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev3_004814.pdf </ref>. This allowed the former Bureau of Forestry to be established as the Forest Service on July 1, 1905. <br />
*'''The Weeks Act of 1911''' <ref>https://foresthistory.org/research-explore/us-forest-service-history/policy-and-law/the-weeks-act/</ref><br />
**This act created a true national forest system where the federal government was allowed to purchase and maintain land in the eastern U.S. Prior to this act, local and federal governments did not own substantial land east of the Mississippi River <ref> https://www.plymouth.edu/mwm/the-weeks-act-of-1911/ </ref><br />
*'''The Multiple Use - Sustained Yield Act of 1960''' <ref>https://www.fs.fed.us/emc/nfma/includes/musya60.pdf</ref><br />
**Authorizes and directs the Secretary of Agriculture to develop and administer the renewable resources of timber, range, water, recreation and wildlife on the national forests for multiple use and sustained yield of the products and services. <br />
*'''The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1970''' <ref>https://ceq.doe.gov/#:~:text=Congress%20enacted%20NEPA%20to%20establish,Carta%22%20of%20Federal%20environmental%20laws.</ref><br />
** NEPA was enacted to establish a national policy for the environment and to provide additional support for the establishment of the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ). NEPA was the first major environmental law in the United States <ref> https://ceq.doe.gov </ref><br />
*'''Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974''' <ref>https://www.fs.fed.us/emc/nfma/includes/range74.pdf</ref><br />
**authorizes long-range planning by [[USFS]] to protect, develop, and enhance the productivity and other values of forest resources. It requires that a renewable resource assessment and a Forest Service plan be prepared every ten and five years, respectively, to plan and prepare for the future of natural resources. <br />
*'''The National Forest Management Act (NFMA) of 1976''' <ref>https://www.sierraforestlegacy.org/FC_LawsPolicyRegulations/FPP_NFMA.php</ref><br />
**This law is the main statute governing the administration of national forests and was an amendment to the [[Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974]]. <br />
**This law was amended by a 2012 planning rule. <ref>https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fseprd583096.pdf</ref><br />
*'''The Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978''' <ref>https://www.agriculture.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Cooperative%20Forestry%20Assistance%20Act%20Of%201978.pdf</ref><br />
** This law revised the authority of the United States Forest Service to provide financial and technical assistance to states and private landowners on a variety of forestry issues, including forest management and stewardship, fire protection, insect and disease control, reforestation and stand improvement, and urban forestry.<br />
<br />
===Laws that affect the [[California's Central Coast Region | California Central Coast Region]]===<br />
*'''The Wilderness Act of 1964''' <ref>https://wilderness.net/learn-about-wilderness/key-laws/wilderness-act/default.php</ref><br />
**A law that created the legal definition of wilderness in the U.S., which protects 9.1 million acres (37,000 km²) of federal land. The definition is as follows; "A wilderness, in contrast with those areas where man and his own works dominate the landscape, is hereby recognized as an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain." - Howard Zahniser. <br />
**This law established the [[National Wilderness Preservation System]] which helped create the following wilderness areas;<br />
***[[San Rafael Wilderness]] (194,380 acres (787 km2))<br />
***[[Santa Lucia Wilderness]] (20,412 acres (83 km2) in the Lucia District, in the Santa Lucia Mountains)<br />
*Ventana Wilderness Act <br />
**Established in 1969, which redesignated 98,000 acres of the Ventana Primitive Area as the Ventana Wilderness.<br />
***[[Ventana Wilderness]] (240,026 acres (971 km2)) <ref>https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/statement-signing-bill-designating-the-ventana-wilderness-california</ref><br />
*'''Endangered American Wilderness Act of 1978''' <ref>https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/95/hr3454</ref><br />
**Established ten new designated Wilderness Areas in the National Forests of several Western states. In California, it created the following; <br />
***306,000 acre Golden Trout Wilderness in the Inyo and Sequoia National Forests<br />
***21,250 acre Santa Lucia Wilderness in the Los Padres National Forest<br />
***Added 61,000 acres to the established [[Ventana Wilderness]] in the [[Los Padres National Forest]]<br />
*'''California Wilderness Act of 1984''' <ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/98th-congress/house-bill/1437</ref><br />
**This act authorized the addition of over 3 million acres (12,000 km2) [1] within the state of California to the [[National Wilderness Preservation System]]. It created the following;<br />
***[[Dick Smith Wilderness]] (64,800 acres (262 km2) in the Santa Barbara Ranger District)<br />
***Added 2,750 acres to the established [[Ventana Wilderness]] in the [[Los Padres National Forest]]<br />
** The [[Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail]] was designated by Congress in 1990<br />
*'''The Los Padres Condor Range and River Protection Act of 1992''' <ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-106/pdf/STATUTE-106-Pg242.pdf</ref><br />
**Established six new designated Wilderness Areas and three new designated [[Wild and Scenic Rivers in California's Central Coast Region|Wild and Scenic Rivers]] in the Los Padres National Forest and Angeles National Forest in California. These include the following:<br />
***[[Chumash Wilderness]] (38,150 acres (154 km2) in the Mt. Pinos Ranger District, just west of Mount Pinos)<br />
***[[Garcia Wilderness]] (14,100 acres (57 km2) in the Lucia District)<br />
***[[Machesna Mountain Wilderness]] (19,880 acres (80 km2), in the La Panza Range in San Luis Obispo County)<br />
***[[Matilija Wilderness]] (29,600 acres (120 km2) in the Ojai Ranger District)<br />
***[[Sespe Wilderness]] (219,700 acres (889 km2), in both the Ojai and Mt. Pinos Ranger Districts)<br />
***[[Silver Peak Wilderness]] (31,555 acres (128 km2), in the Monterey District)<br />
***[[Sisquoc River]] - 33 miles (Wild River)<br />
***[[Sespe Creek]] - 31.5 miles (4 miles as a Scenic River and 27.5 miles as a Wild River)<br />
***[[Big Sur River]] - 19.5 miles (Wild River)<br />
***It also added 38,800 acres to the established [[Ventana Wilderness]] in the [[Los Padres National Forest]]<br />
*'''[[Big Sur Region | Big Sur]] Wilderness and Conservation Act of 2002''' <ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/4750</ref><br />
**Added 35,800 acres to the established [[Ventana Wilderness]] in the [[Los Padres National Forest]]. The wilderness currently has a total of 240,026 acres.<br />
<br />
==Federal laws involving ocean areas overseen by the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]]==<br />
*'''National Marine Sanctuaries Act of 1972'''<br />
** This act authorizes the Secretary of Commerce to identify and protect areas of the marine environment with special national significance. Some examples of significance are conservation, recreational, ecological, historical, scientific, cultural, archeological, educational or esthetic qualities <ref> https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/about/legislation/ </ref>. Daily management of national marine sanctuaries has been overseen by the Secretary of Commerce to NOAA's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. The main goal of the NMSA is to protect marine resources, such as coral reefs, sunken historical vessels or unique habitats.<br />
** Established the [[Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS)]]. <ref>https://montereybay.noaa.gov/resourcepro/regs-boundry.html#:~:text=Overview,for%20their%20management%20and%20protection.</ref><br />
**Established the [[Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary]]. <ref>https://nmschannelislands.blob.core.windows.net/channelislands-prod/media/archive/sac/pdfs/gjfr_99.pdf</ref><br />
* '''Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) of 1972''' <ref>https://coast.noaa.gov/czm/act/</ref><br />
**This act provides for the management of the nation’s coastal resources, including the Great Lakes. The goal of the act is to “preserve, protect, develop, and where possible, to restore or enhance the resources of the nation’s coastal zone" <ref> https://coast.noaa.gov/czm/act/ </ref>. The CZMA outlines three national programs: the National Coastal Zone Management Program, the National Estuarine Research Reserve System, and the Coastal and Estuarine Land Conservation Program (CELCP). <br />
**Established the [[Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve (ESNERR)]].<br />
<br />
== Related links ==<br />
<br />
* [[Legislation related to environmental management in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
* [[United States Department of the Interior (DOI)]]<br />
* [[National Park Service (NPS)]]<br />
* [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM)]]<br />
* [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)]]<br />
* [[United States Forest Service (USFS)]]<br />
* [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessary reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Federal_legislation_and_executive_orders_relating_to_federal_lands_in_California%27s_Central_Coast_regionFederal legislation and executive orders relating to federal lands in California's Central Coast region2021-03-29T01:30:01Z<p>Fred: /* Laws that affect the California Central Coast Region */</p>
<hr />
<div>An [[Summaries of Environmental Topics in California's Central Coast Region|environmental summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
== Federal legislation and executive orders involving lands managed by [[National Park Service (NPS) | The National Park Service ]]== <br />
*'''The Antiquities Act of 1906''' <ref>https://www.nps.gov/history/local-law/anti1906.htm</ref><br />
** The Antiquities Act was the first law in the U.S. to provide general protection for any general kind of "cultural or natural resource" <ref> https://www.nps.gov/archeology/tools/laws/AntAct.htm </ref>. It established the first national historic preservation policy for the United States. The statute provided a tool for politicians and their supporters to clearly identify the uses of public lands and resources with a concentration in conservation. The act dissolved the requirement of parks or reserves to have an act of Congress as well as Presidential approval to begin conservation efforts, allowing the establishment of national monuments to be quicker. The Antiquities Act was utilized by presidents during the late 20th and early 21st century to designate national monuments.<br />
*'''Title 16 - Conservation of 1890'''<br />
**26 Stat. 478, 16 USC 41<br />
***Established [[Sequoia National Park]] including only the drainage of the South Fork of the Kaweah River - Garfield Grove and Hockett Meadow <ref> https://www.nps.gov/seki/learn/management/enabling-legislation.htm </ref><br />
*'''Public Law 85-665 of 1940''' <ref> http://famousredwoods.com/kings_canyon_national_park/#:~:text=On%20September%2028%2C%201984%2C%20Kings,receives%20nearly%20600%2C000%20visitors%20annually </ref><br />
**54 Stat. 41, 16 USC 80a<br />
***Established [[Kings Canyon National Park]] and expanded its boundary to its current approximate condition <ref>https://www.nps.gov/seki/learn/management/enabling-legislation.htm#:~:text=California%20Wilderness%20Act%20of%201984,Establishes%20Sequoia%2FKings%20Canyon%20Wilderness.</ref><br />
*'''Proclamation No. 2825 of 1949''' <ref> https://www.nps.gov/chis/learn/historyculture/park-history.htm </ref><br />
**Signed by President Truman which added 17,635 acres to the [[Channel Islands National Park]] shortly after its establishment as a national monument in 1938. <br />
*'''Federal Property Act of 1949''' <ref>https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1508/index.htm</ref><br />
**The purpose of this act is to help increase local recreation opportunities while reducing the federal government’s inventory of real property. This program has transferred about 184,000 acres of land to date to state and local governments for parks and recreation use.<br />
*'''The Wilderness Act of 1964''' <ref>https://wilderness.net/learn-about-wilderness/key-laws/wilderness-act/default.php</ref><br />
**A law that created the legal definition of wilderness in the U.S., which protects 9.1 million acres (37,000 km²) of federal land. The definition is as follows; "A wilderness, in contrast with those areas where man and his own works dominate the landscape, is hereby recognized as an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain." - Howard Zahniser<br />
*Barack Obama established the [[César E. Chávez National Monument]] in 2012.<br />
<br />
== Federal legislation and executive orders involving lands managed by the [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM)|United States Bureau of Land Management]]== <br />
<br />
* ...<br />
<br />
==Federal laws involving lands managed by the [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service]]==<br />
*'''National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966''' <ref>https://www.fws.gov/laws/lawsdigest/nwrsact.html</ref><br />
**This act establishes the guidelines and directives for administration and management of all areas in [[National Wildlife Refuge System]] including "wildlife refuges, areas for the protection and conservation of fish and wildlife that are threatened with extinction, wildlife ranges, game ranges, wildlife management areas, and waterfowl production areas.<br />
*'''National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act''' <ref>https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Salinas_River/1997Act.html</ref><br />
**Amends the National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 in a manner that provides an “Organic Act” for the Refuge System.<br />
*'''[[Big Sur Region | Big Sur]] Wilderness and Conservation Act of 2002''' <ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/4750</ref><br />
**This law designated specific lands administered by [[BLM]], [[USFS]], or [[NPS]] in California as wilderness, as components of the [[National Wilderness Preservation System]], and as additions to the Ventana, Silver Peak, or Pinnacles Wilderness areas.<br />
**The following federal lands affected by this legislation are as follows:<br />
***[[Ellicott Slough National Wildlife Refuge]] near Watsonville (201 acres)<br />
***[[Salinas River National Wildlife Refuge]] near Marina (367 acres)<br />
***[[Bitter Creek National Wildlife Refuge (BCNWR)]] near Taft (14,097 acres)<br />
***[[Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes National Wildlife Refuge (GNDNWR)]] near Nipomo (2,553 acres)<br />
***[[Kern National Wildlife Refuge]] near Lost Hills, in the [[California Central Valley Region]] (1,249 acres)<br />
***[[Pixley National Wildlife Refuge]] near Delano, in the [[California Central Valley Region]] (6,939 acres)<br />
***[[Blue Ridge National Wildlife Refuge (BRNWR)]] near Visalia in the foothills of the southern Sierra Nevada (897 acres)<br />
<br />
== Federal Laws involving lands managed by the [[United States Forest Service (USFS) | United States Forest Service ]]==<br />
===Laws affecting the entire United States=== <br />
*'''Forest Reserve Act of 1891''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100217050446/http://www.fs.fed.us/gpnf/forest-research/heritage/early1.html#top</ref><br />
**After two decades of debate about public land management, this act was passed in order to give the [[United States Department of the Interior (DOI)]] the authority to manage "forest reserves."<ref>https://www.wilderness.org/articles/article/how-america-started-saving-national-forests</ref> <br />
** This act affects the management of [[Los Padres National Forest]].<br />
*'''The Transfer Act of 1905''' <ref>https://foresthistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Transfer_Act_1905.pdf</ref><br />
**This act "unified" all Federal forest management under the[[United States Department of Agriculture | Department of Agriculture]]. <ref> https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev3_004814.pdf </ref>. This allowed the former Bureau of Forestry to be established as the Forest Service on July 1, 1905. <br />
*'''The Weeks Act of 1911''' <ref>https://foresthistory.org/research-explore/us-forest-service-history/policy-and-law/the-weeks-act/</ref><br />
**This act created a true national forest system where the federal government was allowed to purchase and maintain land in the eastern U.S. Prior to this act, local and federal governments did not own substantial land east of the Mississippi River <ref> https://www.plymouth.edu/mwm/the-weeks-act-of-1911/ </ref><br />
*'''The Multiple Use - Sustained Yield Act of 1960''' <ref>https://www.fs.fed.us/emc/nfma/includes/musya60.pdf</ref><br />
**Authorizes and directs the Secretary of Agriculture to develop and administer the renewable resources of timber, range, water, recreation and wildlife on the national forests for multiple use and sustained yield of the products and services. <br />
*'''The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1970''' <ref>https://ceq.doe.gov/#:~:text=Congress%20enacted%20NEPA%20to%20establish,Carta%22%20of%20Federal%20environmental%20laws.</ref><br />
** NEPA was enacted to establish a national policy for the environment and to provide additional support for the establishment of the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ). NEPA was the first major environmental law in the United States <ref> https://ceq.doe.gov </ref><br />
*'''Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974''' <ref>https://www.fs.fed.us/emc/nfma/includes/range74.pdf</ref><br />
**authorizes long-range planning by [[USFS]] to protect, develop, and enhance the productivity and other values of forest resources. It requires that a renewable resource assessment and a Forest Service plan be prepared every ten and five years, respectively, to plan and prepare for the future of natural resources. <br />
*'''The National Forest Management Act (NFMA) of 1976''' <ref>https://www.sierraforestlegacy.org/FC_LawsPolicyRegulations/FPP_NFMA.php</ref><br />
**This law is the main statute governing the administration of national forests and was an amendment to the [[Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974]]. <br />
**This law was amended by a 2012 planning rule. <ref>https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fseprd583096.pdf</ref><br />
*'''The Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978''' <ref>https://www.agriculture.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Cooperative%20Forestry%20Assistance%20Act%20Of%201978.pdf</ref><br />
** This law revised the authority of the United States Forest Service to provide financial and technical assistance to states and private landowners on a variety of forestry issues, including forest management and stewardship, fire protection, insect and disease control, reforestation and stand improvement, and urban forestry.<br />
<br />
===Laws that affect the [[California's Central Coast Region | California Central Coast Region]]===<br />
*'''The Wilderness Act of 1964''' <ref>https://wilderness.net/learn-about-wilderness/key-laws/wilderness-act/default.php</ref><br />
**A law that created the legal definition of wilderness in the U.S., which protects 9.1 million acres (37,000 km²) of federal land. The definition is as follows; "A wilderness, in contrast with those areas where man and his own works dominate the landscape, is hereby recognized as an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain." - Howard Zahniser. <br />
**This law established the [[National Wilderness Preservation System]] which helped create the following wilderness areas;<br />
***[[San Rafael Wilderness]] (194,380 acres (787 km2))<br />
***[[Santa Lucia Wilderness]] (20,412 acres (83 km2) in the Lucia District, in the Santa Lucia Mountains)<br />
*Ventana Wilderness Act <br />
**Established in 1969, which redesignated 98,000 acres of the Ventana Primitive Area as the Ventana Wilderness.<br />
***[[Ventana Wilderness]] (240,026 acres (971 km2)) <ref>https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/statement-signing-bill-designating-the-ventana-wilderness-california</ref><br />
*'''Endangered American Wilderness Act of 1978''' <ref>https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/95/hr3454</ref><br />
**Established ten new designated Wilderness Areas in the National Forests of several Western states. In California, it created the following; <br />
***306,000 acre Golden Trout Wilderness in the Inyo and Sequoia National Forests<br />
***21,250 acre Santa Lucia Wilderness in the Los Padres National Forest<br />
***Added 61,000 acres to the established [[Ventana Wilderness]] in the [[Los Padres National Forest]]<br />
*'''California Wilderness Act of 1984''' <ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/98th-congress/house-bill/1437</ref><br />
**This act authorized the addition of over 3 million acres (12,000 km2) [1] within the state of California to the [[National Wilderness Preservation System]]. It created the following;<br />
***[[Dick Smith Wilderness]] (64,800 acres (262 km2) in the Santa Barbara Ranger District)<br />
***Added 2,750 acres to the established [[Ventana Wilderness]] in the [[Los Padres National Forest]]<br />
** The [[Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail]] was designated by Congress in 1990<br />
*'''The Los Padres Condor Range and River Protection Act of 1992''' <ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-106/pdf/STATUTE-106-Pg242.pdf</ref><br />
**Established six new designated Wilderness Areas and three new designated [[Wild and Scenic Rivers in California's Central Coast Region|Wild and Scenic Rivers]] in the Los Padres National Forest and Angeles National Forest in California. These include the following:<br />
***[[Chumash Wilderness]] (38,150 acres (154 km2) in the Mt. Pinos Ranger District, just west of Mount Pinos)<br />
***[[Garcia Wilderness]] (14,100 acres (57 km2) in the Lucia District)<br />
***[[Machesna Mountain Wilderness]] (19,880 acres (80 km2), in the La Panza Range in San Luis Obispo County)<br />
***[[Matilija Wilderness]] (29,600 acres (120 km2) in the Ojai Ranger District)<br />
***[[Sespe Wilderness]] (219,700 acres (889 km2), in both the Ojai and Mt. Pinos Ranger Districts)<br />
***[[Silver Peak Wilderness]] (31,555 acres (128 km2), in the Monterey District)<br />
***[[Sisquoc River]] - 33 miles (Wild River)<br />
***[[Sespe Creek]] - 31.5 miles (4 miles as a Scenic River and 27.5 miles as a Wild River)<br />
***[[Big Sur River]] - 19.5 miles (Wild River)<br />
***It also added 38,800 acres to the established [[Ventana Wilderness]] in the [[Los Padres National Forest]]<br />
*'''[[Big Sur Region | Big Sur]] Wilderness and Conservation Act of 2002''' <ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/4750</ref><br />
**Added 35,800 acres to the established [[Ventana Wilderness]] in the [[Los Padres National Forest]]. The wilderness currently has a total of 240,026 acres.<br />
<br />
==Federal laws involving ocean areas overseen by the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]]==<br />
*'''National Marine Sanctuaries Act of 1972'''<br />
** This act authorizes the Secretary of Commerce to identify and protect areas of the marine environment with special national significance. Some examples of significance are conservation, recreational, ecological, historical, scientific, cultural, archeological, educational or esthetic qualities <ref> https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/about/legislation/ </ref>. Daily management of national marine sanctuaries has been overseen by the Secretary of Commerce to NOAA's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. The main goal of the NMSA is to protect marine resources, such as coral reefs, sunken historical vessels or unique habitats.<br />
** Established the [[Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS)]]. <ref>https://montereybay.noaa.gov/resourcepro/regs-boundry.html#:~:text=Overview,for%20their%20management%20and%20protection.</ref><br />
**Established the [[Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary]]. <ref>https://nmschannelislands.blob.core.windows.net/channelislands-prod/media/archive/sac/pdfs/gjfr_99.pdf</ref><br />
* '''Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) of 1972''' <ref>https://coast.noaa.gov/czm/act/</ref><br />
**This act provides for the management of the nation’s coastal resources, including the Great Lakes. The goal of the act is to “preserve, protect, develop, and where possible, to restore or enhance the resources of the nation’s coastal zone" <ref> https://coast.noaa.gov/czm/act/ </ref>. The CZMA outlines three national programs: the National Coastal Zone Management Program, the National Estuarine Research Reserve System, and the Coastal and Estuarine Land Conservation Program (CELCP). <br />
**Established the [[Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve (ESNERR)]].<br />
<br />
== Related links ==<br />
<br />
* [[Legislation related to environmental management in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
* [[United States Department of the Interior (DOI)]]<br />
* [[National Park Service (NPS)]]<br />
* [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM)]]<br />
* [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)]]<br />
* [[United States Forest Service (USFS)]]<br />
* [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessary reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Federal_legislation_and_executive_orders_relating_to_federal_lands_in_California%27s_Central_Coast_regionFederal legislation and executive orders relating to federal lands in California's Central Coast region2021-03-29T01:28:41Z<p>Fred: /* Federal legislation and executive orders involving lands managed by The National Park Service */</p>
<hr />
<div>An [[Summaries of Environmental Topics in California's Central Coast Region|environmental summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
== Federal legislation and executive orders involving lands managed by [[National Park Service (NPS) | The National Park Service ]]== <br />
*'''The Antiquities Act of 1906''' <ref>https://www.nps.gov/history/local-law/anti1906.htm</ref><br />
** The Antiquities Act was the first law in the U.S. to provide general protection for any general kind of "cultural or natural resource" <ref> https://www.nps.gov/archeology/tools/laws/AntAct.htm </ref>. It established the first national historic preservation policy for the United States. The statute provided a tool for politicians and their supporters to clearly identify the uses of public lands and resources with a concentration in conservation. The act dissolved the requirement of parks or reserves to have an act of Congress as well as Presidential approval to begin conservation efforts, allowing the establishment of national monuments to be quicker. The Antiquities Act was utilized by presidents during the late 20th and early 21st century to designate national monuments.<br />
*'''Title 16 - Conservation of 1890'''<br />
**26 Stat. 478, 16 USC 41<br />
***Established [[Sequoia National Park]] including only the drainage of the South Fork of the Kaweah River - Garfield Grove and Hockett Meadow <ref> https://www.nps.gov/seki/learn/management/enabling-legislation.htm </ref><br />
*'''Public Law 85-665 of 1940''' <ref> http://famousredwoods.com/kings_canyon_national_park/#:~:text=On%20September%2028%2C%201984%2C%20Kings,receives%20nearly%20600%2C000%20visitors%20annually </ref><br />
**54 Stat. 41, 16 USC 80a<br />
***Established [[Kings Canyon National Park]] and expanded its boundary to its current approximate condition <ref>https://www.nps.gov/seki/learn/management/enabling-legislation.htm#:~:text=California%20Wilderness%20Act%20of%201984,Establishes%20Sequoia%2FKings%20Canyon%20Wilderness.</ref><br />
*'''Proclamation No. 2825 of 1949''' <ref> https://www.nps.gov/chis/learn/historyculture/park-history.htm </ref><br />
**Signed by President Truman which added 17,635 acres to the [[Channel Islands National Park]] shortly after its establishment as a national monument in 1938. <br />
*'''Federal Property Act of 1949''' <ref>https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1508/index.htm</ref><br />
**The purpose of this act is to help increase local recreation opportunities while reducing the federal government’s inventory of real property. This program has transferred about 184,000 acres of land to date to state and local governments for parks and recreation use.<br />
*'''The Wilderness Act of 1964''' <ref>https://wilderness.net/learn-about-wilderness/key-laws/wilderness-act/default.php</ref><br />
**A law that created the legal definition of wilderness in the U.S., which protects 9.1 million acres (37,000 km²) of federal land. The definition is as follows; "A wilderness, in contrast with those areas where man and his own works dominate the landscape, is hereby recognized as an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain." - Howard Zahniser<br />
*Barack Obama established the [[César E. Chávez National Monument]] in 2012.<br />
<br />
== Federal legislation and executive orders involving lands managed by the [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM)|United States Bureau of Land Management]]== <br />
<br />
* ...<br />
<br />
==Federal laws involving lands managed by the [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service]]==<br />
*'''National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966''' <ref>https://www.fws.gov/laws/lawsdigest/nwrsact.html</ref><br />
**This act establishes the guidelines and directives for administration and management of all areas in [[National Wildlife Refuge System]] including "wildlife refuges, areas for the protection and conservation of fish and wildlife that are threatened with extinction, wildlife ranges, game ranges, wildlife management areas, and waterfowl production areas.<br />
*'''National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act''' <ref>https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Salinas_River/1997Act.html</ref><br />
**Amends the National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 in a manner that provides an “Organic Act” for the Refuge System.<br />
*'''[[Big Sur Region | Big Sur]] Wilderness and Conservation Act of 2002''' <ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/4750</ref><br />
**This law designated specific lands administered by [[BLM]], [[USFS]], or [[NPS]] in California as wilderness, as components of the [[National Wilderness Preservation System]], and as additions to the Ventana, Silver Peak, or Pinnacles Wilderness areas.<br />
**The following federal lands affected by this legislation are as follows:<br />
***[[Ellicott Slough National Wildlife Refuge]] near Watsonville (201 acres)<br />
***[[Salinas River National Wildlife Refuge]] near Marina (367 acres)<br />
***[[Bitter Creek National Wildlife Refuge (BCNWR)]] near Taft (14,097 acres)<br />
***[[Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes National Wildlife Refuge (GNDNWR)]] near Nipomo (2,553 acres)<br />
***[[Kern National Wildlife Refuge]] near Lost Hills, in the [[California Central Valley Region]] (1,249 acres)<br />
***[[Pixley National Wildlife Refuge]] near Delano, in the [[California Central Valley Region]] (6,939 acres)<br />
***[[Blue Ridge National Wildlife Refuge (BRNWR)]] near Visalia in the foothills of the southern Sierra Nevada (897 acres)<br />
<br />
== Federal Laws involving lands managed by the [[United States Forest Service (USFS) | United States Forest Service ]]==<br />
===Laws affecting the entire United States=== <br />
*'''Forest Reserve Act of 1891''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100217050446/http://www.fs.fed.us/gpnf/forest-research/heritage/early1.html#top</ref><br />
**After two decades of debate about public land management, this act was passed in order to give the [[United States Department of the Interior (DOI)]] the authority to manage "forest reserves."<ref>https://www.wilderness.org/articles/article/how-america-started-saving-national-forests</ref> <br />
** This act affects the management of [[Los Padres National Forest]].<br />
*'''The Transfer Act of 1905''' <ref>https://foresthistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Transfer_Act_1905.pdf</ref><br />
**This act "unified" all Federal forest management under the[[United States Department of Agriculture | Department of Agriculture]]. <ref> https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev3_004814.pdf </ref>. This allowed the former Bureau of Forestry to be established as the Forest Service on July 1, 1905. <br />
*'''The Weeks Act of 1911''' <ref>https://foresthistory.org/research-explore/us-forest-service-history/policy-and-law/the-weeks-act/</ref><br />
**This act created a true national forest system where the federal government was allowed to purchase and maintain land in the eastern U.S. Prior to this act, local and federal governments did not own substantial land east of the Mississippi River <ref> https://www.plymouth.edu/mwm/the-weeks-act-of-1911/ </ref><br />
*'''The Multiple Use - Sustained Yield Act of 1960''' <ref>https://www.fs.fed.us/emc/nfma/includes/musya60.pdf</ref><br />
**Authorizes and directs the Secretary of Agriculture to develop and administer the renewable resources of timber, range, water, recreation and wildlife on the national forests for multiple use and sustained yield of the products and services. <br />
*'''The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1970''' <ref>https://ceq.doe.gov/#:~:text=Congress%20enacted%20NEPA%20to%20establish,Carta%22%20of%20Federal%20environmental%20laws.</ref><br />
** NEPA was enacted to establish a national policy for the environment and to provide additional support for the establishment of the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ). NEPA was the first major environmental law in the United States <ref> https://ceq.doe.gov </ref><br />
*'''Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974''' <ref>https://www.fs.fed.us/emc/nfma/includes/range74.pdf</ref><br />
**authorizes long-range planning by [[USFS]] to protect, develop, and enhance the productivity and other values of forest resources. It requires that a renewable resource assessment and a Forest Service plan be prepared every ten and five years, respectively, to plan and prepare for the future of natural resources. <br />
*'''The National Forest Management Act (NFMA) of 1976''' <ref>https://www.sierraforestlegacy.org/FC_LawsPolicyRegulations/FPP_NFMA.php</ref><br />
**This law is the main statute governing the administration of national forests and was an amendment to the [[Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974]]. <br />
**This law was amended by a 2012 planning rule. <ref>https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fseprd583096.pdf</ref><br />
*'''The Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978''' <ref>https://www.agriculture.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Cooperative%20Forestry%20Assistance%20Act%20Of%201978.pdf</ref><br />
** This law revised the authority of the United States Forest Service to provide financial and technical assistance to states and private landowners on a variety of forestry issues, including forest management and stewardship, fire protection, insect and disease control, reforestation and stand improvement, and urban forestry.<br />
<br />
===Laws that affect the [[California's Central Coast Region | California Central Coast Region]]===<br />
*'''The Wilderness Act of 1964''' <ref>https://wilderness.net/learn-about-wilderness/key-laws/wilderness-act/default.php</ref><br />
**A law that created the legal definition of wilderness in the U.S., which protects 9.1 million acres (37,000 km²) of federal land. The definition is as follows; "A wilderness, in contrast with those areas where man and his own works dominate the landscape, is hereby recognized as an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain." - Howard Zahniser. <br />
**This law established the [[National Wilderness Preservation System]] which helped create the following wilderness areas;<br />
***[[San Rafael Wilderness]] (194,380 acres (787 km2))<br />
***[[Santa Lucia Wilderness]] (20,412 acres (83 km2) in the Lucia District, in the Santa Lucia Mountains)<br />
*Ventana Wilderness Act <br />
**Established in 1969, which redesignated 98,000 acres of the Ventana Primitive Area as the Ventana Wilderness.<br />
***[[Ventana Wilderness]] (240,026 acres (971 km2)) <ref>https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/statement-signing-bill-designating-the-ventana-wilderness-california</ref><br />
*'''Endangered American Wilderness Act of 1978''' <ref>https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/95/hr3454</ref><br />
**Established ten new designated Wilderness Areas in the National Forests of several Western states. In California, it created the following; <br />
***306,000 acre Golden Trout Wilderness in the Inyo and Sequoia National Forests<br />
***21,250 acre Santa Lucia Wilderness in the Los Padres National Forest<br />
***Added 61,000 acres to the established [[Ventana Wilderness]] in the [[Los Padres National Forest]]<br />
*'''California Wilderness Act of 1984''' <ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/98th-congress/house-bill/1437</ref><br />
**This act authorized the addition of over 3 million acres (12,000 km2) [1] within the state of California to the [[National Wilderness Preservation System]]. It created the following;<br />
***[[Dick Smith Wilderness]] (64,800 acres (262 km2) in the Santa Barbara Ranger District)<br />
***Added 2,750 acres to the established [[Ventana Wilderness]] in the [[Los Padres National Forest]]<br />
** The [[Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail]] was designated by Congress in 1990<br />
*'''The Los Padres Condor Range and River Protection Act of 1992''' <ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-106/pdf/STATUTE-106-Pg242.pdf</ref><br />
**Established six new designated Wilderness Areas and three new designated [[Wild and Scenic Rivers]] in the Los Padres National Forest and Angeles National Forest in California. These include the following:<br />
***[[Chumash Wilderness]] (38,150 acres (154 km2) in the Mt. Pinos Ranger District, just west of Mount Pinos)<br />
***[[Garcia Wilderness]] (14,100 acres (57 km2) in the Lucia District)<br />
***[[Machesna Mountain Wilderness]] (19,880 acres (80 km2), in the La Panza Range in San Luis Obispo County)<br />
***[[Matilija Wilderness]] (29,600 acres (120 km2) in the Ojai Ranger District)<br />
***[[Sespe Wilderness]] (219,700 acres (889 km2), in both the Ojai and Mt. Pinos Ranger Districts)<br />
***[[Silver Peak Wilderness]] (31,555 acres (128 km2), in the Monterey District)<br />
***Sisquoc River - 33 miles (Wild River)<br />
***Sespe Creek - 31.5 miles (4 miles as a Scenic River and 27.5 miles as a Wild River)<br />
***Big Sur River - 19.5 miles (Wild River)<br />
***It also added 38,800 acres to the established [[Ventana Wilderness]] in the [[Los Padres National Forest]]<br />
*'''[[Big Sur Region | Big Sur]] Wilderness and Conservation Act of 2002''' <ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/4750</ref><br />
**Added 35,800 acres to the established [[Ventana Wilderness]] in the [[Los Padres National Forest]]. The wilderness currently has a total of 240,026 acres.<br />
<br />
==Federal laws involving ocean areas overseen by the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]]==<br />
*'''National Marine Sanctuaries Act of 1972'''<br />
** This act authorizes the Secretary of Commerce to identify and protect areas of the marine environment with special national significance. Some examples of significance are conservation, recreational, ecological, historical, scientific, cultural, archeological, educational or esthetic qualities <ref> https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/about/legislation/ </ref>. Daily management of national marine sanctuaries has been overseen by the Secretary of Commerce to NOAA's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. The main goal of the NMSA is to protect marine resources, such as coral reefs, sunken historical vessels or unique habitats.<br />
** Established the [[Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS)]]. <ref>https://montereybay.noaa.gov/resourcepro/regs-boundry.html#:~:text=Overview,for%20their%20management%20and%20protection.</ref><br />
**Established the [[Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary]]. <ref>https://nmschannelislands.blob.core.windows.net/channelislands-prod/media/archive/sac/pdfs/gjfr_99.pdf</ref><br />
* '''Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) of 1972''' <ref>https://coast.noaa.gov/czm/act/</ref><br />
**This act provides for the management of the nation’s coastal resources, including the Great Lakes. The goal of the act is to “preserve, protect, develop, and where possible, to restore or enhance the resources of the nation’s coastal zone" <ref> https://coast.noaa.gov/czm/act/ </ref>. The CZMA outlines three national programs: the National Coastal Zone Management Program, the National Estuarine Research Reserve System, and the Coastal and Estuarine Land Conservation Program (CELCP). <br />
**Established the [[Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve (ESNERR)]].<br />
<br />
== Related links ==<br />
<br />
* [[Legislation related to environmental management in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
* [[United States Department of the Interior (DOI)]]<br />
* [[National Park Service (NPS)]]<br />
* [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM)]]<br />
* [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)]]<br />
* [[United States Forest Service (USFS)]]<br />
* [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessary reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Federal_legislation_and_executive_orders_relating_to_federal_lands_in_California%27s_Central_Coast_regionFederal legislation and executive orders relating to federal lands in California's Central Coast region2021-03-29T01:26:55Z<p>Fred: /* Federal laws involving lands managed by The National Park Service */</p>
<hr />
<div>An [[Summaries of Environmental Topics in California's Central Coast Region|environmental summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
== Federal legislation and executive orders involving lands managed by [[National Park Service (NPS) | The National Park Service ]]== <br />
*'''The Antiquities Act of 1906''' <ref>https://www.nps.gov/history/local-law/anti1906.htm</ref><br />
** The Antiquities Act was the first law in the U.S. to provide general protection for any general kind of "cultural or natural resource" <ref> https://www.nps.gov/archeology/tools/laws/AntAct.htm </ref>. It established the first national historic preservation policy for the United States. The statute provided a tool for politicians and their supporters to clearly identify the uses of public lands and resources with a concentration in conservation. The act dissolved the requirement of parks or reserves to have an act of Congress as well as Presidential approval to begin conservation efforts, allowing the establishment of national monuments to be quicker. The Antiquities Act was utilized by presidents during the late 20th and early 21st century to designate national monuments.<br />
** This act was also passed with participation from the [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) | United States Bureau of Land Management]]<br />
*'''Title 16 - Conservation of 1890'''<br />
**26 Stat. 478, 16 USC 41<br />
***Established [[Sequoia National Park]] including only the drainage of the South Fork of the Kaweah River - Garfield Grove and Hockett Meadow <ref> https://www.nps.gov/seki/learn/management/enabling-legislation.htm </ref><br />
*'''Public Law 85-665 of 1940''' <ref> http://famousredwoods.com/kings_canyon_national_park/#:~:text=On%20September%2028%2C%201984%2C%20Kings,receives%20nearly%20600%2C000%20visitors%20annually </ref><br />
**54 Stat. 41, 16 USC 80a<br />
***Established [[Kings Canyon National Park]] and expanded its boundary to its current approximate condition <ref>https://www.nps.gov/seki/learn/management/enabling-legislation.htm#:~:text=California%20Wilderness%20Act%20of%201984,Establishes%20Sequoia%2FKings%20Canyon%20Wilderness.</ref><br />
*'''Proclamation No. 2825 of 1949''' <ref> https://www.nps.gov/chis/learn/historyculture/park-history.htm </ref><br />
**Signed by President Truman which added 17,635 acres to the [[Channel Islands National Park]] shortly after its establishment as a national monument in 1938. <br />
*'''Federal Property Act of 1949''' <ref>https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1508/index.htm</ref><br />
**The purpose of this act is to help increase local recreation opportunities while reducing the federal government’s inventory of real property. This program has transferred about 184,000 acres of land to date to state and local governments for parks and recreation use.<br />
*'''The Wilderness Act of 1964''' <ref>https://wilderness.net/learn-about-wilderness/key-laws/wilderness-act/default.php</ref><br />
**A law that created the legal definition of wilderness in the U.S., which protects 9.1 million acres (37,000 km²) of federal land. The definition is as follows; "A wilderness, in contrast with those areas where man and his own works dominate the landscape, is hereby recognized as an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain." - Howard Zahniser<br />
*Barack Obama established the [[César E. Chávez National Monument]] in 2012.<br />
<br />
==Federal laws involving lands managed by the [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service]]==<br />
*'''National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966''' <ref>https://www.fws.gov/laws/lawsdigest/nwrsact.html</ref><br />
**This act establishes the guidelines and directives for administration and management of all areas in [[National Wildlife Refuge System]] including "wildlife refuges, areas for the protection and conservation of fish and wildlife that are threatened with extinction, wildlife ranges, game ranges, wildlife management areas, and waterfowl production areas.<br />
*'''National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act''' <ref>https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Salinas_River/1997Act.html</ref><br />
**Amends the National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 in a manner that provides an “Organic Act” for the Refuge System.<br />
*'''[[Big Sur Region | Big Sur]] Wilderness and Conservation Act of 2002''' <ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/4750</ref><br />
**This law designated specific lands administered by [[BLM]], [[USFS]], or [[NPS]] in California as wilderness, as components of the [[National Wilderness Preservation System]], and as additions to the Ventana, Silver Peak, or Pinnacles Wilderness areas.<br />
**The following federal lands affected by this legislation are as follows:<br />
***[[Ellicott Slough National Wildlife Refuge]] near Watsonville (201 acres)<br />
***[[Salinas River National Wildlife Refuge]] near Marina (367 acres)<br />
***[[Bitter Creek National Wildlife Refuge (BCNWR)]] near Taft (14,097 acres)<br />
***[[Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes National Wildlife Refuge (GNDNWR)]] near Nipomo (2,553 acres)<br />
***[[Kern National Wildlife Refuge]] near Lost Hills, in the [[California Central Valley Region]] (1,249 acres)<br />
***[[Pixley National Wildlife Refuge]] near Delano, in the [[California Central Valley Region]] (6,939 acres)<br />
***[[Blue Ridge National Wildlife Refuge (BRNWR)]] near Visalia in the foothills of the southern Sierra Nevada (897 acres)<br />
<br />
== Federal Laws involving lands managed by the [[United States Forest Service (USFS) | United States Forest Service ]]==<br />
===Laws affecting the entire United States=== <br />
*'''Forest Reserve Act of 1891''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100217050446/http://www.fs.fed.us/gpnf/forest-research/heritage/early1.html#top</ref><br />
**After two decades of debate about public land management, this act was passed in order to give the [[United States Department of the Interior (DOI)]] the authority to manage "forest reserves."<ref>https://www.wilderness.org/articles/article/how-america-started-saving-national-forests</ref> <br />
** This act affects the management of [[Los Padres National Forest]].<br />
*'''The Transfer Act of 1905''' <ref>https://foresthistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Transfer_Act_1905.pdf</ref><br />
**This act "unified" all Federal forest management under the[[United States Department of Agriculture | Department of Agriculture]]. <ref> https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev3_004814.pdf </ref>. This allowed the former Bureau of Forestry to be established as the Forest Service on July 1, 1905. <br />
*'''The Weeks Act of 1911''' <ref>https://foresthistory.org/research-explore/us-forest-service-history/policy-and-law/the-weeks-act/</ref><br />
**This act created a true national forest system where the federal government was allowed to purchase and maintain land in the eastern U.S. Prior to this act, local and federal governments did not own substantial land east of the Mississippi River <ref> https://www.plymouth.edu/mwm/the-weeks-act-of-1911/ </ref><br />
*'''The Multiple Use - Sustained Yield Act of 1960''' <ref>https://www.fs.fed.us/emc/nfma/includes/musya60.pdf</ref><br />
**Authorizes and directs the Secretary of Agriculture to develop and administer the renewable resources of timber, range, water, recreation and wildlife on the national forests for multiple use and sustained yield of the products and services. <br />
*'''The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1970''' <ref>https://ceq.doe.gov/#:~:text=Congress%20enacted%20NEPA%20to%20establish,Carta%22%20of%20Federal%20environmental%20laws.</ref><br />
** NEPA was enacted to establish a national policy for the environment and to provide additional support for the establishment of the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ). NEPA was the first major environmental law in the United States <ref> https://ceq.doe.gov </ref><br />
*'''Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974''' <ref>https://www.fs.fed.us/emc/nfma/includes/range74.pdf</ref><br />
**authorizes long-range planning by [[USFS]] to protect, develop, and enhance the productivity and other values of forest resources. It requires that a renewable resource assessment and a Forest Service plan be prepared every ten and five years, respectively, to plan and prepare for the future of natural resources. <br />
*'''The National Forest Management Act (NFMA) of 1976''' <ref>https://www.sierraforestlegacy.org/FC_LawsPolicyRegulations/FPP_NFMA.php</ref><br />
**This law is the main statute governing the administration of national forests and was an amendment to the [[Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974]]. <br />
**This law was amended by a 2012 planning rule. <ref>https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fseprd583096.pdf</ref><br />
*'''The Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978''' <ref>https://www.agriculture.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Cooperative%20Forestry%20Assistance%20Act%20Of%201978.pdf</ref><br />
** This law revised the authority of the United States Forest Service to provide financial and technical assistance to states and private landowners on a variety of forestry issues, including forest management and stewardship, fire protection, insect and disease control, reforestation and stand improvement, and urban forestry.<br />
<br />
===Laws that affect the [[California's Central Coast Region | California Central Coast Region]]===<br />
*'''The Wilderness Act of 1964''' <ref>https://wilderness.net/learn-about-wilderness/key-laws/wilderness-act/default.php</ref><br />
**A law that created the legal definition of wilderness in the U.S., which protects 9.1 million acres (37,000 km²) of federal land. The definition is as follows; "A wilderness, in contrast with those areas where man and his own works dominate the landscape, is hereby recognized as an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain." - Howard Zahniser. <br />
**This law established the [[National Wilderness Preservation System]] which helped create the following wilderness areas;<br />
***[[San Rafael Wilderness]] (194,380 acres (787 km2))<br />
***[[Santa Lucia Wilderness]] (20,412 acres (83 km2) in the Lucia District, in the Santa Lucia Mountains)<br />
*Ventana Wilderness Act <br />
**Established in 1969, which redesignated 98,000 acres of the Ventana Primitive Area as the Ventana Wilderness.<br />
***[[Ventana Wilderness]] (240,026 acres (971 km2)) <ref>https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/statement-signing-bill-designating-the-ventana-wilderness-california</ref><br />
*'''Endangered American Wilderness Act of 1978''' <ref>https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/95/hr3454</ref><br />
**Established ten new designated Wilderness Areas in the National Forests of several Western states. In California, it created the following; <br />
***306,000 acre Golden Trout Wilderness in the Inyo and Sequoia National Forests<br />
***21,250 acre Santa Lucia Wilderness in the Los Padres National Forest<br />
***Added 61,000 acres to the established [[Ventana Wilderness]] in the [[Los Padres National Forest]]<br />
*'''California Wilderness Act of 1984''' <ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/98th-congress/house-bill/1437</ref><br />
**This act authorized the addition of over 3 million acres (12,000 km2) [1] within the state of California to the [[National Wilderness Preservation System]]. It created the following;<br />
***[[Dick Smith Wilderness]] (64,800 acres (262 km2) in the Santa Barbara Ranger District)<br />
***Added 2,750 acres to the established [[Ventana Wilderness]] in the [[Los Padres National Forest]]<br />
** The [[Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail]] was designated by Congress in 1990<br />
*'''The Los Padres Condor Range and River Protection Act of 1992''' <ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-106/pdf/STATUTE-106-Pg242.pdf</ref><br />
**Established six new designated Wilderness Areas and three new designated [[Wild and Scenic Rivers]] in the Los Padres National Forest and Angeles National Forest in California. These include the following:<br />
***[[Chumash Wilderness]] (38,150 acres (154 km2) in the Mt. Pinos Ranger District, just west of Mount Pinos)<br />
***[[Garcia Wilderness]] (14,100 acres (57 km2) in the Lucia District)<br />
***[[Machesna Mountain Wilderness]] (19,880 acres (80 km2), in the La Panza Range in San Luis Obispo County)<br />
***[[Matilija Wilderness]] (29,600 acres (120 km2) in the Ojai Ranger District)<br />
***[[Sespe Wilderness]] (219,700 acres (889 km2), in both the Ojai and Mt. Pinos Ranger Districts)<br />
***[[Silver Peak Wilderness]] (31,555 acres (128 km2), in the Monterey District)<br />
***Sisquoc River - 33 miles (Wild River)<br />
***Sespe Creek - 31.5 miles (4 miles as a Scenic River and 27.5 miles as a Wild River)<br />
***Big Sur River - 19.5 miles (Wild River)<br />
***It also added 38,800 acres to the established [[Ventana Wilderness]] in the [[Los Padres National Forest]]<br />
*'''[[Big Sur Region | Big Sur]] Wilderness and Conservation Act of 2002''' <ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/4750</ref><br />
**Added 35,800 acres to the established [[Ventana Wilderness]] in the [[Los Padres National Forest]]. The wilderness currently has a total of 240,026 acres.<br />
<br />
==Federal laws involving ocean areas overseen by the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]]==<br />
*'''National Marine Sanctuaries Act of 1972'''<br />
** This act authorizes the Secretary of Commerce to identify and protect areas of the marine environment with special national significance. Some examples of significance are conservation, recreational, ecological, historical, scientific, cultural, archeological, educational or esthetic qualities <ref> https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/about/legislation/ </ref>. Daily management of national marine sanctuaries has been overseen by the Secretary of Commerce to NOAA's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. The main goal of the NMSA is to protect marine resources, such as coral reefs, sunken historical vessels or unique habitats.<br />
** Established the [[Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS)]]. <ref>https://montereybay.noaa.gov/resourcepro/regs-boundry.html#:~:text=Overview,for%20their%20management%20and%20protection.</ref><br />
**Established the [[Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary]]. <ref>https://nmschannelislands.blob.core.windows.net/channelislands-prod/media/archive/sac/pdfs/gjfr_99.pdf</ref><br />
* '''Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) of 1972''' <ref>https://coast.noaa.gov/czm/act/</ref><br />
**This act provides for the management of the nation’s coastal resources, including the Great Lakes. The goal of the act is to “preserve, protect, develop, and where possible, to restore or enhance the resources of the nation’s coastal zone" <ref> https://coast.noaa.gov/czm/act/ </ref>. The CZMA outlines three national programs: the National Coastal Zone Management Program, the National Estuarine Research Reserve System, and the Coastal and Estuarine Land Conservation Program (CELCP). <br />
**Established the [[Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve (ESNERR)]].<br />
<br />
== Related links ==<br />
<br />
* [[Legislation related to environmental management in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
* [[United States Department of the Interior (DOI)]]<br />
* [[National Park Service (NPS)]]<br />
* [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM)]]<br />
* [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)]]<br />
* [[United States Forest Service (USFS)]]<br />
* [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessary reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Federal_legislation_and_executive_orders_relating_to_federal_lands_in_California%27s_Central_Coast_regionFederal legislation and executive orders relating to federal lands in California's Central Coast region2021-03-29T01:24:27Z<p>Fred: /* Federal laws involving lands managed by The National Park Service */</p>
<hr />
<div>An [[Summaries of Environmental Topics in California's Central Coast Region|environmental summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
== Federal laws involving lands managed by [[National Park Service (NPS) | The National Park Service ]]== <br />
*'''The Antiquities Act of 1906''' <ref>https://www.nps.gov/history/local-law/anti1906.htm</ref><br />
** The Antiquities Act was the first law in the U.S. to provide general protection for any general kind of "cultural or natural resource" <ref> https://www.nps.gov/archeology/tools/laws/AntAct.htm </ref>. It established the first national historic preservation policy for the United States. The statute provided a tool for politicians and their supporters to clearly identify the uses of public lands and resources with a concentration in conservation. The act dissolved the requirement of parks or reserves to have an act of Congress as well as Presidential approval to begin conservation efforts, allowing the establishment of national monuments to be quicker. The Antiquities Act was utilized by presidents during the late 20th and early 21st century to designate national monuments.<br />
**Barack Obama established the [[César E. Chávez National Monument]] in 2012. <br />
** This act was also passed with participation from the [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) | United States Bureau of Land Management]]<br />
*'''Title 16 - Conservation of 1890'''<br />
**26 Stat. 478, 16 USC 41<br />
***Established [[Sequoia National Park]] including only the drainage of the South Fork of the Kaweah River - Garfield Grove and Hockett Meadow <ref> https://www.nps.gov/seki/learn/management/enabling-legislation.htm </ref><br />
*'''Public Law 85-665 of 1940''' <ref> http://famousredwoods.com/kings_canyon_national_park/#:~:text=On%20September%2028%2C%201984%2C%20Kings,receives%20nearly%20600%2C000%20visitors%20annually </ref><br />
**54 Stat. 41, 16 USC 80a<br />
***Established [[Kings Canyon National Park]] and expanded its boundary to its current approximate condition <ref>https://www.nps.gov/seki/learn/management/enabling-legislation.htm#:~:text=California%20Wilderness%20Act%20of%201984,Establishes%20Sequoia%2FKings%20Canyon%20Wilderness.</ref><br />
*'''Proclamation No. 2825 of 1949''' <ref> https://www.nps.gov/chis/learn/historyculture/park-history.htm </ref><br />
**Signed by President Truman which added 17,635 acres to the [[Channel Islands National Park]] shortly after its establishment as a national monument in 1938. <br />
*'''Federal Property Act of 1949''' <ref>https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1508/index.htm</ref><br />
**The purpose of this act is to help increase local recreation opportunities while reducing the federal government’s inventory of real property. This program has transferred about 184,000 acres of land to date to state and local governments for parks and recreation use.<br />
*'''The Wilderness Act of 1964''' <ref>https://wilderness.net/learn-about-wilderness/key-laws/wilderness-act/default.php</ref><br />
**A law that created the legal definition of wilderness in the U.S., which protects 9.1 million acres (37,000 km²) of federal land. The definition is as follows; "A wilderness, in contrast with those areas where man and his own works dominate the landscape, is hereby recognized as an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain." - Howard Zahniser<br />
<br />
==Federal laws involving lands managed by the [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service]]==<br />
*'''National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966''' <ref>https://www.fws.gov/laws/lawsdigest/nwrsact.html</ref><br />
**This act establishes the guidelines and directives for administration and management of all areas in [[National Wildlife Refuge System]] including "wildlife refuges, areas for the protection and conservation of fish and wildlife that are threatened with extinction, wildlife ranges, game ranges, wildlife management areas, and waterfowl production areas.<br />
*'''National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act''' <ref>https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Salinas_River/1997Act.html</ref><br />
**Amends the National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 in a manner that provides an “Organic Act” for the Refuge System.<br />
*'''[[Big Sur Region | Big Sur]] Wilderness and Conservation Act of 2002''' <ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/4750</ref><br />
**This law designated specific lands administered by [[BLM]], [[USFS]], or [[NPS]] in California as wilderness, as components of the [[National Wilderness Preservation System]], and as additions to the Ventana, Silver Peak, or Pinnacles Wilderness areas.<br />
**The following federal lands affected by this legislation are as follows:<br />
***[[Ellicott Slough National Wildlife Refuge]] near Watsonville (201 acres)<br />
***[[Salinas River National Wildlife Refuge]] near Marina (367 acres)<br />
***[[Bitter Creek National Wildlife Refuge (BCNWR)]] near Taft (14,097 acres)<br />
***[[Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes National Wildlife Refuge (GNDNWR)]] near Nipomo (2,553 acres)<br />
***[[Kern National Wildlife Refuge]] near Lost Hills, in the [[California Central Valley Region]] (1,249 acres)<br />
***[[Pixley National Wildlife Refuge]] near Delano, in the [[California Central Valley Region]] (6,939 acres)<br />
***[[Blue Ridge National Wildlife Refuge (BRNWR)]] near Visalia in the foothills of the southern Sierra Nevada (897 acres)<br />
<br />
== Federal Laws involving lands managed by the [[United States Forest Service (USFS) | United States Forest Service ]]==<br />
===Laws affecting the entire United States=== <br />
*'''Forest Reserve Act of 1891''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100217050446/http://www.fs.fed.us/gpnf/forest-research/heritage/early1.html#top</ref><br />
**After two decades of debate about public land management, this act was passed in order to give the [[United States Department of the Interior (DOI)]] the authority to manage "forest reserves."<ref>https://www.wilderness.org/articles/article/how-america-started-saving-national-forests</ref> <br />
** This act affects the management of [[Los Padres National Forest]].<br />
*'''The Transfer Act of 1905''' <ref>https://foresthistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Transfer_Act_1905.pdf</ref><br />
**This act "unified" all Federal forest management under the[[United States Department of Agriculture | Department of Agriculture]]. <ref> https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev3_004814.pdf </ref>. This allowed the former Bureau of Forestry to be established as the Forest Service on July 1, 1905. <br />
*'''The Weeks Act of 1911''' <ref>https://foresthistory.org/research-explore/us-forest-service-history/policy-and-law/the-weeks-act/</ref><br />
**This act created a true national forest system where the federal government was allowed to purchase and maintain land in the eastern U.S. Prior to this act, local and federal governments did not own substantial land east of the Mississippi River <ref> https://www.plymouth.edu/mwm/the-weeks-act-of-1911/ </ref><br />
*'''The Multiple Use - Sustained Yield Act of 1960''' <ref>https://www.fs.fed.us/emc/nfma/includes/musya60.pdf</ref><br />
**Authorizes and directs the Secretary of Agriculture to develop and administer the renewable resources of timber, range, water, recreation and wildlife on the national forests for multiple use and sustained yield of the products and services. <br />
*'''The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1970''' <ref>https://ceq.doe.gov/#:~:text=Congress%20enacted%20NEPA%20to%20establish,Carta%22%20of%20Federal%20environmental%20laws.</ref><br />
** NEPA was enacted to establish a national policy for the environment and to provide additional support for the establishment of the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ). NEPA was the first major environmental law in the United States <ref> https://ceq.doe.gov </ref><br />
*'''Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974''' <ref>https://www.fs.fed.us/emc/nfma/includes/range74.pdf</ref><br />
**authorizes long-range planning by [[USFS]] to protect, develop, and enhance the productivity and other values of forest resources. It requires that a renewable resource assessment and a Forest Service plan be prepared every ten and five years, respectively, to plan and prepare for the future of natural resources. <br />
*'''The National Forest Management Act (NFMA) of 1976''' <ref>https://www.sierraforestlegacy.org/FC_LawsPolicyRegulations/FPP_NFMA.php</ref><br />
**This law is the main statute governing the administration of national forests and was an amendment to the [[Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974]]. <br />
**This law was amended by a 2012 planning rule. <ref>https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fseprd583096.pdf</ref><br />
*'''The Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978''' <ref>https://www.agriculture.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Cooperative%20Forestry%20Assistance%20Act%20Of%201978.pdf</ref><br />
** This law revised the authority of the United States Forest Service to provide financial and technical assistance to states and private landowners on a variety of forestry issues, including forest management and stewardship, fire protection, insect and disease control, reforestation and stand improvement, and urban forestry.<br />
<br />
===Laws that affect the [[California's Central Coast Region | California Central Coast Region]]===<br />
*'''The Wilderness Act of 1964''' <ref>https://wilderness.net/learn-about-wilderness/key-laws/wilderness-act/default.php</ref><br />
**A law that created the legal definition of wilderness in the U.S., which protects 9.1 million acres (37,000 km²) of federal land. The definition is as follows; "A wilderness, in contrast with those areas where man and his own works dominate the landscape, is hereby recognized as an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain." - Howard Zahniser. <br />
**This law established the [[National Wilderness Preservation System]] which helped create the following wilderness areas;<br />
***[[San Rafael Wilderness]] (194,380 acres (787 km2))<br />
***[[Santa Lucia Wilderness]] (20,412 acres (83 km2) in the Lucia District, in the Santa Lucia Mountains)<br />
*Ventana Wilderness Act <br />
**Established in 1969, which redesignated 98,000 acres of the Ventana Primitive Area as the Ventana Wilderness.<br />
***[[Ventana Wilderness]] (240,026 acres (971 km2)) <ref>https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/statement-signing-bill-designating-the-ventana-wilderness-california</ref><br />
*'''Endangered American Wilderness Act of 1978''' <ref>https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/95/hr3454</ref><br />
**Established ten new designated Wilderness Areas in the National Forests of several Western states. In California, it created the following; <br />
***306,000 acre Golden Trout Wilderness in the Inyo and Sequoia National Forests<br />
***21,250 acre Santa Lucia Wilderness in the Los Padres National Forest<br />
***Added 61,000 acres to the established [[Ventana Wilderness]] in the [[Los Padres National Forest]]<br />
*'''California Wilderness Act of 1984''' <ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/98th-congress/house-bill/1437</ref><br />
**This act authorized the addition of over 3 million acres (12,000 km2) [1] within the state of California to the [[National Wilderness Preservation System]]. It created the following;<br />
***[[Dick Smith Wilderness]] (64,800 acres (262 km2) in the Santa Barbara Ranger District)<br />
***Added 2,750 acres to the established [[Ventana Wilderness]] in the [[Los Padres National Forest]]<br />
** The [[Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail]] was designated by Congress in 1990<br />
*'''The Los Padres Condor Range and River Protection Act of 1992''' <ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-106/pdf/STATUTE-106-Pg242.pdf</ref><br />
**Established six new designated Wilderness Areas and three new designated [[Wild and Scenic Rivers]] in the Los Padres National Forest and Angeles National Forest in California. These include the following:<br />
***[[Chumash Wilderness]] (38,150 acres (154 km2) in the Mt. Pinos Ranger District, just west of Mount Pinos)<br />
***[[Garcia Wilderness]] (14,100 acres (57 km2) in the Lucia District)<br />
***[[Machesna Mountain Wilderness]] (19,880 acres (80 km2), in the La Panza Range in San Luis Obispo County)<br />
***[[Matilija Wilderness]] (29,600 acres (120 km2) in the Ojai Ranger District)<br />
***[[Sespe Wilderness]] (219,700 acres (889 km2), in both the Ojai and Mt. Pinos Ranger Districts)<br />
***[[Silver Peak Wilderness]] (31,555 acres (128 km2), in the Monterey District)<br />
***Sisquoc River - 33 miles (Wild River)<br />
***Sespe Creek - 31.5 miles (4 miles as a Scenic River and 27.5 miles as a Wild River)<br />
***Big Sur River - 19.5 miles (Wild River)<br />
***It also added 38,800 acres to the established [[Ventana Wilderness]] in the [[Los Padres National Forest]]<br />
*'''[[Big Sur Region | Big Sur]] Wilderness and Conservation Act of 2002''' <ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/4750</ref><br />
**Added 35,800 acres to the established [[Ventana Wilderness]] in the [[Los Padres National Forest]]. The wilderness currently has a total of 240,026 acres.<br />
<br />
==Federal laws involving ocean areas overseen by the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]]==<br />
*'''National Marine Sanctuaries Act of 1972'''<br />
** This act authorizes the Secretary of Commerce to identify and protect areas of the marine environment with special national significance. Some examples of significance are conservation, recreational, ecological, historical, scientific, cultural, archeological, educational or esthetic qualities <ref> https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/about/legislation/ </ref>. Daily management of national marine sanctuaries has been overseen by the Secretary of Commerce to NOAA's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. The main goal of the NMSA is to protect marine resources, such as coral reefs, sunken historical vessels or unique habitats.<br />
** Established the [[Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS)]]. <ref>https://montereybay.noaa.gov/resourcepro/regs-boundry.html#:~:text=Overview,for%20their%20management%20and%20protection.</ref><br />
**Established the [[Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary]]. <ref>https://nmschannelislands.blob.core.windows.net/channelislands-prod/media/archive/sac/pdfs/gjfr_99.pdf</ref><br />
* '''Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) of 1972''' <ref>https://coast.noaa.gov/czm/act/</ref><br />
**This act provides for the management of the nation’s coastal resources, including the Great Lakes. The goal of the act is to “preserve, protect, develop, and where possible, to restore or enhance the resources of the nation’s coastal zone" <ref> https://coast.noaa.gov/czm/act/ </ref>. The CZMA outlines three national programs: the National Coastal Zone Management Program, the National Estuarine Research Reserve System, and the Coastal and Estuarine Land Conservation Program (CELCP). <br />
**Established the [[Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve (ESNERR)]].<br />
<br />
== Related links ==<br />
<br />
* [[Legislation related to environmental management in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
* [[United States Department of the Interior (DOI)]]<br />
* [[National Park Service (NPS)]]<br />
* [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM)]]<br />
* [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)]]<br />
* [[United States Forest Service (USFS)]]<br />
* [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessary reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Hopper_Mountain_National_Wildlife_Refuge_Complex_(HMNWRC)Hopper Mountain National Wildlife Refuge Complex (HMNWRC)2021-03-29T01:21:50Z<p>Fred: </p>
<hr />
<div>An [[Summaries of Environmental Topics in California's Central Coast Region|environmental summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
The Hopper Mountain National Wildlife Refuge Complex is located in the southern part of California's [[Central Coast region]]. The complex includes the following [[National Wildlife Refuges]]: <br />
* [[Hopper Mountain National Wildlife Refuge (HMNWR)]]<br />
* [[Bitter Creek National Wildlife Refuge (BCNWR)]]<br />
* [[Blue Ridge National Wildlife Refuge (BRNWR)]]<br />
* [[Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes National Wildlife Refuge (GNDNWR)]]<br />
<br />
==Equipment==<br />
* Condor release pens<br />
<br />
==Visitor Services==<br />
*Hopper Mountain NWR is closed to the public, however they will do guided events no bigger than 40 people<ref> Reference text https://www.fws.gov/uploadedFiles/Region_8/NWRS/Zone_1/Hopper_Mountain_Complex/Hopper_Mountain/Sections/What_We_Do/Conservation/PDFs/Final%20CCP%20HopperMtn_BitterCrk_BlueRdg_NWRs_Sept%202013.pdf</ref>.<br />
*Bitter Creek NWR is closed to the public, due to the sensitive nature of the California condor<ref> Reference text https://www.fws.gov/uploadedFiles/Region_8/NWRS/Zone_1/Hopper_Mountain_Complex/Hopper_Mountain/Sections/What_We_Do/Conservation/PDFs/Final%20CCP%20HopperMtn_BitterCrk_BlueRdg_NWRs_Sept%202013.pdf</ref>.<br />
<br />
==Land Management Plan==<br />
<br />
* [https://www.fws.gov/uploadedFiles/Region_8/NWRS/Zone_1/Hopper_Mountain_Complex/Hopper_Mountain/Sections/What_We_Do/Conservation/PDFs/Final%20CCP%20HopperMtn_BitterCrk_BlueRdg_NWRs_Sept%202013.pdf Comprehensive Conservation Planning]<br />
* [https://www.fws.gov/uploadedFiles/Region_8/NWRS/Zone_1/Hopper_Mountain_Complex/Guadalupe-Nipomo_Dunes/Sections/What_We_Do/Conservation/GNDNWR_FINAL_CCP.pdf Guadlaupe-Nipomo Dunes NWR Comprehensive Conservation Planning]<br />
* California Condor Recovery Plan (USFWS 1984)<br />
* Blue Ridge Habitat Management Plan (USBLM 1985)<br />
* Draft Management Plan for the Blue Ridge Ecological Reserve (CDFG 1983), developed for California Department of Fish and Game (Now California Department of Fish and Wildlife) land acquisition.<br />
<br />
==Cooperative Agreements and MOUs==<br />
<br />
* All partners involved in the recovery of the California condor operate under permits through the [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)]].<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Salinas_River_NWR_(SRNWR)Salinas River NWR (SRNWR)2021-03-29T01:18:46Z<p>Fred: Fred moved page Salinas River NWR (SRNWR) to Salinas River National Wildlife Refuge (SRNWR)</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Salinas River National Wildlife Refuge (SRNWR)]]</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Salinas_River_National_Wildlife_Refuge_(SRNWR)Salinas River National Wildlife Refuge (SRNWR)2021-03-29T01:18:45Z<p>Fred: Fred moved page Salinas River NWR (SRNWR) to Salinas River National Wildlife Refuge (SRNWR)</p>
<hr />
<div>An [[Summaries of Environmental Topics in California's Central Coast Region|environmental summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
The Salinas River National Wildlife Refuge is located at the mouth of the [[Salinas River]] in California's [[Central Coast region]]. The refuge includes a parking area, some hiking trails, and access to [[Monterey Bay]] and the [[Salinas River Lagoon]]. Administratively, the refuge is part of the [[San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge Complex (SFBNWRC)|San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge Complex]].<br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
<br />
* [https://www.fws.gov/uploadedFiles/Final_CCP.pdf Salinas River NWR Comprehensive Conservation Planning]<br />
* [[USFWS]]<br />
* [[San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge Complex (SFBNWRC)]]<br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessary reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Salinas_River_National_Wildlife_Refuge_(SRNWR)Salinas River National Wildlife Refuge (SRNWR)2021-03-29T01:17:58Z<p>Fred: </p>
<hr />
<div>An [[Summaries of Environmental Topics in California's Central Coast Region|environmental summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
The Salinas River National Wildlife Refuge is located at the mouth of the [[Salinas River]] in California's [[Central Coast region]]. The refuge includes a parking area, some hiking trails, and access to [[Monterey Bay]] and the [[Salinas River Lagoon]]. Administratively, the refuge is part of the [[San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge Complex (SFBNWRC)|San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge Complex]].<br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
<br />
* [https://www.fws.gov/uploadedFiles/Final_CCP.pdf Salinas River NWR Comprehensive Conservation Planning]<br />
* [[USFWS]]<br />
* [[San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge Complex (SFBNWRC)]]<br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessary reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/San_Francisco_Bay_National_Wildlife_Refuge_Complex_(SFBNWRC)San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge Complex (SFBNWRC)2021-03-29T01:17:51Z<p>Fred: </p>
<hr />
<div>An [[Summaries of Environmental Topics in California's Central Coast Region|environmental summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
<br />
The San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge Complex includes a number of [[National Wildlife Refuges]] managed by [[USFWS]] in the San Francisco Bay and [[Monterey Bay]] areas in California's [[Central Coast region]]. Refuges in the complex include:<br />
<br />
*[[Salinas River NWR]]<br />
*[[Antioch Dunes NWR]]<br />
*[[Don Edwards San Francisco Bay NWR]]<br />
*[[Ellicott Slough NWR]]<br />
*[[Farallon NWR]]<br />
*[[Marin Islands NWR]]<br />
*[[San Pablo Bay NWR]]<br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Salinas_River_National_Wildlife_Refuge_(SRNWR)Salinas River National Wildlife Refuge (SRNWR)2021-03-26T18:20:14Z<p>Fred: </p>
<hr />
<div>An [[Summaries of Environmental Topics in California's Central Coast Region|environmental summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
Stub page. Not written yet.<br />
<br />
==Visitor Services==<br />
*No visitor centers at the Salinas River NWR, however there are trails. Directions below:<br />
**From Monterey: Go north on U.S. Highway 1 approximately 11 miles to exit 412 for Del Monte Blvd. (first exit after Reservation Rd.) Go left on Del Monte which becomes a dirt road. The dirt road ends in the refuge parking lot.<br />
**From Castroville: Go south on U.S. Highway 1 approximately 3 miles to exit 412 for Marina/Del Monte Blvd. Go right on Del Monte Blvd. which becomes a dirt road. The dirt road ends in the refuge parking lot.<br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
<br />
* [[USFWS]]<br />
* [[San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge Complex (SFBNWRC)]]<br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessary reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/San_Francisco_Bay_National_Wildlife_Refuge_Complex_(SFBNWRC)San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge Complex (SFBNWRC)2021-03-26T18:19:58Z<p>Fred: /* Visitor Services */</p>
<hr />
<div>An [[Summaries of Environmental Topics in California's Central Coast Region|environmental summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge Complex, located in the San Francisco Bay Area, California. This page is mainly dedicated to the Salinas River NWR, for which it is a part of the SFBNWRC. The complex is home to the following national wildlife refuges: <br />
*[[Salinas River NWR (SRNWR)]]<br />
<br />
==Equipment==<br />
* ...<br />
<br />
==Land Management Plan==<br />
* [https://www.fws.gov/uploadedFiles/Final_CCP.pdf Salinas River NWR Comprehensive Conservation Planning]<br />
<br />
==Cooperative Agreements and MOUs==<br />
*Partnerships include:<br />
** CA Dept. of Fish and Wildlife<br />
** CA Dept. of Parks and Recreation<br />
** PRBO Conservation Science<br />
** Santa Cruz Predatory Bird Research Group<br />
**US Dept. of Agriculture<br />
**Watershed Institute of CA<br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
* [[USFWS]]<br />
* [[Salinas River NWR (SRNWR)]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/San_Francisco_Bay_National_Wildlife_Refuge_Complex_(SFBNWRC)San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge Complex (SFBNWRC)2021-03-26T18:19:22Z<p>Fred: /* Visitor Services */</p>
<hr />
<div>An [[Summaries of Environmental Topics in California's Central Coast Region|environmental summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge Complex, located in the San Francisco Bay Area, California. This page is mainly dedicated to the Salinas River NWR, for which it is a part of the SFBNWRC. The complex is home to the following national wildlife refuges: <br />
*[[Salinas River NWR (SRNWR)]]<br />
<br />
==Equipment==<br />
* ...<br />
<br />
==Visitor Services==<br />
*No visitor centers at the Salinas River NWR, however there are trails. Directions below:<br />
**From Monterey: Go north on U.S. Highway 1 approximately 11 miles to exit 412 for Del Monte Blvd. (first exit after Reservation Rd.) Go left on Del Monte which becomes a dirt road. The dirt road ends in the refuge parking lot.<br />
**From Castroville: Go south on U.S. Highway 1 approximately 3 miles to exit 412 for Marina/Del Monte Blvd. Go right on Del Monte Blvd. which becomes a dirt road. The dirt road ends in the refuge parking lot.<br />
<br />
==Land Management Plan==<br />
* [https://www.fws.gov/uploadedFiles/Final_CCP.pdf Salinas River NWR Comprehensive Conservation Planning]<br />
<br />
==Cooperative Agreements and MOUs==<br />
*Partnerships include:<br />
** CA Dept. of Fish and Wildlife<br />
** CA Dept. of Parks and Recreation<br />
** PRBO Conservation Science<br />
** Santa Cruz Predatory Bird Research Group<br />
**US Dept. of Agriculture<br />
**Watershed Institute of CA<br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
* [[USFWS]]<br />
* [[Salinas River NWR (SRNWR)]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Bitter_Creek_National_Wildlife_Refuge_(BCNWR)Bitter Creek National Wildlife Refuge (BCNWR)2021-03-26T18:12:56Z<p>Fred: </p>
<hr />
<div>An [[Summaries of Environmental Topics in California's Central Coast Region|environmental summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
Bitter Creek NWR is a [[Release Sites for the California Condor|release site]] for the [[California Condor]].<br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
<br />
* [[USFWS]]<br />
* [[Hopper Mountain National Wildlife Refuge Complex (HMNWRC)]]<br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessary reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Designated_wilderness_areas_in_California%27s_Central_Coast_RegionDesignated wilderness areas in California's Central Coast Region2021-03-26T17:32:21Z<p>Fred: /* Links */</p>
<hr />
<div>An [[Summaries of Environmental Topics in California's Central Coast Region|environmental summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
* Federal<br />
** Existing<br />
*** [[Ventana Wilderness Area]]<br />
*** [[Silver Peak Wilderness Area]]<br />
*** [[Santa Lucia Wilderness Area]]<br />
*** [[Garcia Wilderness Area]]<br />
*** [[Machesna Mountain Wilderness Area]]<br />
*** [[San Rafael Wilderness Area]]<br />
*** [[Dick Smith Wilderness Area]]<br />
*** [[Matilija Wilderness Area]]<br />
*** [[Chumash Wilderness Area]]<br />
*** [[Sespe Wilderness Area]]<br />
** ...<br />
** Proposed<br />
*** [[Joaquin Rocks Wilderness Area]]<br />
<br />
* State<br />
** [[Orestimba Wilderness]]<br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
<br />
* [[Wild and Scenic Rivers in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
* [[Lands that could potentially be designated for inclusion in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
* [[National Wilderness Preservation System]]<br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessary reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/National_Wilderness_Preservation_SystemNational Wilderness Preservation System2021-03-26T17:32:00Z<p>Fred: Created page with "An environmental summary by the ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB]. ..."</p>
<hr />
<div>An [[Summaries of Environmental Topics in California's Central Coast Region|environmental summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
Page not written yet.<br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
<br />
* [[Designated wilderness areas in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessary reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Federal_legislation_and_executive_orders_relating_to_federal_lands_in_California%27s_Central_Coast_regionFederal legislation and executive orders relating to federal lands in California's Central Coast region2021-03-26T17:29:58Z<p>Fred: </p>
<hr />
<div>An [[Summaries of Environmental Topics in California's Central Coast Region|environmental summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB]. <br />
<br />
The following acts relate to the following federal entities which in turn affect federal lands in [[California's Central Coast Region | California's Central Coast region]] that are under the control of the various entities.<br />
==Federal Land Management Agencies and associated national monuments==<br />
*[[National Park Service (NPS)]] operates two national monuments.<br />
**[[Pinnacles National Park]] started as a national monument in 1908 and was redesigned as a national park in 2012 by federal law. <ref>https://www.mercurynews.com/2012/12/31/bill-creating-pinnacles-national-park-awaits-obamas-signature/</ref><br />
**[[César E. Chávez National Monument]] was created by President Barack Obama in 2012. <br />
*[[United States Bureau of Land Management | U.S. Bureau of Land Management]] operates 3 national monuments established between 1980 and 2012.<br />
**[[Fort Ord National Monument (FONM)]] was converted from the Fort Ord Military base and acted as a nature conservancy for Smith's Blue Butterfly until 2012 when President Barack Obama designated it a national monument.<br />
**[[California Coastal National Monument (CCNM)]] was designated a national monument by President Bill Clinton in 2000. <br />
**[[Carrizo Plain National Monument]] was designated as a national monument when it was purchased by [[United States Bureau of Land Management | U.S. Bureau of Land Management]], [[The Nature Conservancy (TNC)| The Nature Conservancy]], and the formerly [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)| California Department of Fish and Game]] in 1988<br />
<br />
== Federal laws involving lands managed by the [[National Park Service (NPS) | The National Park Service ]] and [[United States Bureau of Land Management | U.S. Bureau of Land Management]]==<br />
*'''The Antiquities Act of 1906''' <ref>https://www.nps.gov/history/local-law/anti1906.htm</ref><br />
** The Antiquities Act was the first law in the U.S. to provide general protection for any general kind of "cultural or natural resource" <ref> https://www.nps.gov/archeology/tools/laws/AntAct.htm </ref>. It established the first national historic preservation policy for the United States. The statute provided a tool for politicians and their supporters to clearly identify the uses of public lands and resources with a concentration in conservation. The act dissolved the requirement of parks or reserves to have an act of Congress as well as Presidential approval to begin conservation efforts, allowing the establishment of national monuments to be quicker. The Antiquities Act was utilized by presidents during the late 20th and early 21st century to designate national monuments. Federal land management agencies like the [[National Park Service (NPS)]] and [[United States Bureau of Land Management | U.S. Bureau of Land Management]] manage areas designated as National Monuments.<br />
*'''Title 16 - Conservation of 1890'''<br />
**26 Stat. 478, 16 USC 41<br />
***Established [[Sequoia National Park]] including only the drainage of the South Fork of the Kaweah River - Garfield Grove and Hockett Meadow <ref> https://www.nps.gov/seki/learn/management/enabling-legislation.htm </ref><br />
*'''Public Law 85-665 of 1940''' <ref> http://famousredwoods.com/kings_canyon_national_park/#:~:text=On%20September%2028%2C%201984%2C%20Kings,receives%20nearly%20600%2C000%20visitors%20annually </ref><br />
**54 Stat. 41, 16 USC 80a<br />
***Established [[Kings Canyon National Park]] and expanded its boundary to its current approximate condition <ref>https://www.nps.gov/seki/learn/management/enabling-legislation.htm#:~:text=California%20Wilderness%20Act%20of%201984,Establishes%20Sequoia%2FKings%20Canyon%20Wilderness.</ref><br />
*'''Proclamation No. 2825 of 1949''' <ref> https://www.nps.gov/chis/learn/historyculture/park-history.htm </ref><br />
**Signed by President Truman which added 17,635 acres to the [[Channel Islands National Park]] shortly after its establishment as a national monument in 1938. <br />
*'''Federal Property Act of 1949''' <ref>https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1508/index.htm</ref><br />
**The purpose of this act is to help increase local recreation opportunities while reducing the federal government’s inventory of real property. This program has transferred about 184,000 acres of land to date to state and local governments for parks and recreation use.<br />
*'''The Wilderness Act of 1964''' <ref>https://wilderness.net/learn-about-wilderness/key-laws/wilderness-act/default.php</ref><br />
**A law that created the legal definition of wilderness in the U.S., which protects 9.1 million acres (37,000 km²) of federal land. The definition is as follows; "A wilderness, in contrast with those areas where man and his own works dominate the landscape, is hereby recognized as an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain." - Howard Zahniser<br />
<br />
== Laws involving lands managed by the [[United States Forest Service (USFS)]]==<br />
===[[USFS]]-related federal legislation that affects the entire United States=== <br />
*'''Forest Reserve Act of 1891''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100217050446/http://www.fs.fed.us/gpnf/forest-research/heritage/early1.html#top</ref><br />
**After two decades of debate about public land management, this act was passed in order to give the [[United States Department of the Interior (DOI)]] the authority to manage "forest reserves."<ref>https://www.wilderness.org/articles/article/how-america-started-saving-national-forests</ref> <br />
** This act affects the management of [[Los Padres National Forest]].<br />
*'''The Transfer Act of 1905''' <ref>https://foresthistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Transfer_Act_1905.pdf</ref><br />
**This act "unified" all Federal forest management under the[[United States Department of Agriculture | Department of Agriculture]]. <ref> https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev3_004814.pdf </ref>. This allowed the former Bureau of Forestry to be established as the Forest Service on July 1, 1905. <br />
*'''The Weeks Act of 1911''' <ref>https://foresthistory.org/research-explore/us-forest-service-history/policy-and-law/the-weeks-act/</ref><br />
**This act created a true national forest system where the federal government was allowed to purchase and maintain land in the eastern U.S. Prior to this act, local and federal governments did not own substantial land east of the Mississippi River <ref> https://www.plymouth.edu/mwm/the-weeks-act-of-1911/ </ref><br />
*'''The Multiple Use - Sustained Yield Act of 1960''' <ref>https://www.fs.fed.us/emc/nfma/includes/musya60.pdf</ref><br />
**Authorizes and directs the Secretary of Agriculture to develop and administer the renewable resources of timber, range, water, recreation and wildlife on the national forests for multiple use and sustained yield of the products and services. <br />
*'''The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1970''' <ref>https://ceq.doe.gov/#:~:text=Congress%20enacted%20NEPA%20to%20establish,Carta%22%20of%20Federal%20environmental%20laws.</ref><br />
** NEPA was enacted to establish a national policy for the environment and to provide additional support for the establishment of the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ). NEPA was the first major environmental law in the United States <ref> https://ceq.doe.gov </ref><br />
*'''Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974''' <ref>https://www.fs.fed.us/emc/nfma/includes/range74.pdf</ref><br />
**authorizes long-range planning by [[USFS]] to protect, develop, and enhance the productivity and other values of forest resources. It requires that a renewable resource assessment and a Forest Service plan be prepared every ten and five years, respectively, to plan and prepare for the future of natural resources. <br />
*'''The National Forest Management Act (NFMA) of 1976''' <ref>https://www.sierraforestlegacy.org/FC_LawsPolicyRegulations/FPP_NFMA.php</ref><br />
**This law is the main statute governing the administration of national forests and was an amendment to the [[Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974]]. <br />
**This law was amended by a 2012 planning rule. <ref>https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fseprd583096.pdf</ref><br />
*'''The Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978''' <ref>https://www.agriculture.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Cooperative%20Forestry%20Assistance%20Act%20Of%201978.pdf</ref><br />
** This law revised the authority of the United States Forest Service to provide financial and technical assistance to states and private landowners on a variety of forestry issues, including forest management and stewardship, fire protection, insect and disease control, reforestation and stand improvement, and urban forestry.<br />
<br />
===[[USFS]]-related federal Legislation that affects the California Central Coast region===<br />
*'''The Wilderness Act of 1964''' <ref>https://wilderness.net/learn-about-wilderness/key-laws/wilderness-act/default.php</ref><br />
**A law that created the legal definition of wilderness in the U.S., which protects 9.1 million acres (37,000 km²) of federal land. The definition is as follows; "A wilderness, in contrast with those areas where man and his own works dominate the landscape, is hereby recognized as an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain." - Howard Zahniser. <br />
**This law established the [[National Wilderness Preservation System]] which helped create the following wilderness areas;<br />
***[[San Rafael Wilderness]] (194,380 acres (787 km2))<br />
***[[Santa Lucia Wilderness]] (20,412 acres (83 km2) in the Lucia District, in the Santa Lucia Mountains)<br />
*Ventana Wilderness Act <br />
**Established in 1969, which redesignated 98,000 acres of the Ventana Primitive Area as the Ventana Wilderness.<br />
***[[Ventana Wilderness]] (240,026 acres (971 km2)) <ref>https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/statement-signing-bill-designating-the-ventana-wilderness-california</ref><br />
*'''Endangered American Wilderness Act of 1978''' <ref>https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/95/hr3454</ref><br />
**Established ten new designated Wilderness Areas in the National Forests of several Western states. In California, it created the following; <br />
***306,000 acre Golden Trout Wilderness in the Inyo and Sequoia National Forests<br />
***21,250 acre Santa Lucia Wilderness in the Los Padres National Forest<br />
***Added 61,000 acres to the established [[Ventana Wilderness]] in the [[Los Padres National Forest]]<br />
*'''California Wilderness Act of 1984''' <ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/98th-congress/house-bill/1437</ref><br />
**This act authorized the addition of over 3 million acres (12,000 km2) [1] within the state of California to the [[National Wilderness Preservation System]]. It created the following;<br />
***[[Dick Smith Wilderness]] (64,800 acres (262 km2) in the Santa Barbara Ranger District)<br />
***Added 2,750 acres to the established [[Ventana Wilderness]] in the [[Los Padres National Forest]]<br />
** The [[Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail]] was designated by Congress in 1990<br />
*'''The Los Padres Condor Range and River Protection Act of 1992''' <ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-106/pdf/STATUTE-106-Pg242.pdf</ref><br />
**Established six new designated Wilderness Areas and three new designated [[Wild and Scenic Rivers]] in the Los Padres National Forest and Angeles National Forest in California. These include the following:<br />
***[[Chumash Wilderness]] (38,150 acres (154 km2) in the Mt. Pinos Ranger District, just west of Mount Pinos)<br />
***[[Garcia Wilderness]] (14,100 acres (57 km2) in the Lucia District)<br />
***[[Machesna Mountain Wilderness]] (19,880 acres (80 km2), in the La Panza Range in San Luis Obispo County)<br />
***[[Matilija Wilderness]] (29,600 acres (120 km2) in the Ojai Ranger District)<br />
***[[Sespe Wilderness]] (219,700 acres (889 km2), in both the Ojai and Mt. Pinos Ranger Districts)<br />
***[[Silver Peak Wilderness]] (31,555 acres (128 km2), in the Monterey District)<br />
***Sisquoc River - 33 miles (Wild River)<br />
***Sespe Creek - 31.5 miles (4 miles as a Scenic River and 27.5 miles as a Wild River)<br />
***Big Sur River - 19.5 miles (Wild River)<br />
***It also added 38,800 acres to the established [[Ventana Wilderness]] in the [[Los Padres National Forest]]<br />
*'''[[Big Sur Region | Big Sur]] Wilderness and Conservation Act of 2002''' <ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/4750</ref><br />
**Added 35,800 acres to the established [[Ventana Wilderness]] in the [[Los Padres National Forest]]. The wilderness currently has a total of 240,026 acres.<br />
<br />
==Federal laws involving lands managed by the [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service]]==<br />
*'''National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966''' <ref>https://www.fws.gov/laws/lawsdigest/nwrsact.html</ref><br />
**This act establishes the guidelines and directives for administration and management of all areas in [[National Wildlife Refuge System]] including "wildlife refuges, areas for the protection and conservation of fish and wildlife that are threatened with extinction, wildlife ranges, game ranges, wildlife management areas, and waterfowl production areas.<br />
*'''National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act''' <ref>https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Salinas_River/1997Act.html</ref><br />
**Amends the National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 in a manner that provides an “Organic Act” for the Refuge System.<br />
*'''[[Big Sur Region | Big Sur]] Wilderness and Conservation Act of 2002''' <ref>https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/4750</ref><br />
**This law designated specific lands administered by [[BLM]], [[USFS]], or [[NPS]] in California as wilderness, as components of the [[National Wilderness Preservation System]], and as additions to the Ventana, Silver Peak, or Pinnacles Wilderness areas.<br />
**The following federal lands affected by this legislation are as follows:<br />
***[[Ellicott Slough National Wildlife Refuge]] near Watsonville (201 acres)<br />
***[[Salinas River National Wildlife Refuge]] near Marina (367 acres)<br />
***[[Bitter Creek National Wildlife Refuge (BCNWR)]] near Taft (14,097 acres)<br />
***[[Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes National Wildlife Refuge (GNDNWR)]] near Nipomo (2,553 acres)<br />
***[[Kern National Wildlife Refuge]] near Lost Hills, in the [[California Central Valley Region]] (1,249 acres)<br />
***[[Pixley National Wildlife Refuge]] near Delano, in the [[California Central Valley Region]] (6,939 acres)<br />
***[[Blue Ridge National Wildlife Refuge (BRNWR)]] near Visalia in the foothills of the southern Sierra Nevada (897 acres)<br />
<br />
==Federal laws involving ocean areas overseen by the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]]==<br />
*'''National Marine Sanctuaries Act of 1972'''<br />
** This act authorizes the Secretary of Commerce to identify and protect areas of the marine environment with special national significance. Some examples of significance are conservation, recreational, ecological, historical, scientific, cultural, archeological, educational or esthetic qualities <ref> https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/about/legislation/ </ref>. Daily management of national marine sanctuaries has been overseen by the Secretary of Commerce to NOAA's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. The main goal of the NMSA is to protect marine resources, such as coral reefs, sunken historical vessels or unique habitats.<br />
** Established the [[Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS)]]. <ref>https://montereybay.noaa.gov/resourcepro/regs-boundry.html#:~:text=Overview,for%20their%20management%20and%20protection.</ref><br />
**Established the [[Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary]]. <ref>https://nmschannelislands.blob.core.windows.net/channelislands-prod/media/archive/sac/pdfs/gjfr_99.pdf</ref><br />
* '''Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) of 1972''' <ref>https://coast.noaa.gov/czm/act/</ref><br />
**This act provides for the management of the nation’s coastal resources, including the Great Lakes. The goal of the act is to “preserve, protect, develop, and where possible, to restore or enhance the resources of the nation’s coastal zone" <ref> https://coast.noaa.gov/czm/act/ </ref>. The CZMA outlines three national programs: the National Coastal Zone Management Program, the National Estuarine Research Reserve System, and the Coastal and Estuarine Land Conservation Program (CELCP). <br />
**Established the [[Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve (ESNERR)]].<br />
<br />
== Related links ==<br />
<br />
* [[Legislation related to environmental management in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
* [[United States Department of the Interior (DOI)]]<br />
* [[National Park Service (NPS)]]<br />
* [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM)]]<br />
* [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)]]<br />
* [[United States Forest Service (USFS)]]<br />
* [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessary reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/JPAs,_MOUs,_and_MOA%27s_in_California%27s_Central_Coast_RegionJPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region2021-03-26T04:26:50Z<p>Fred: </p>
<hr />
<div>An [[Summaries of Environmental Topics in California's Central Coast Region|environmental topic]], summarized by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs), Memoranda of Agreement (MOAs), and Joint Powers Agencies or Authorities (JPAs) are some of the cooperative and legal instruments that can be used to facilitate inter-agency coordination on resource management. This page explains what these instruments are and describes some examples relevant to California's [[Central Coast region]].<br />
<br />
The stakeholders involved when establishing MOUs for National Heritage areas include not-for-profit organizations, federal commissions, institutions of higher education, and state and local governments. In order for the performance of newly established National Heritage Areas to be tracked, National Heritage Areas Program Annual Reporting Forms need to be completed by the stakeholders established within the JPA/MOU/MOA. In many conservation projects where multiple agencies overlap in their jurisdictions, many MOUs/MOAs/JPAs are often needed. MOUs/MOAs/JPAs should help determine the lead agency to oversee natural resource issues in conservation.<br />
<br />
== Definitions ==<br />
; Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) : An MOU is an agreement between both private and public agencies with an intent to collaborate, cooperate, and share information in areas of common regulation and supervision. MOUs can also be formed with academic institutions and other entities like non-profit organizations. MOUs are non-binding agreements that are often entered to describe broad concepts of common understanding, goals, and cooperative planning between parties <ref>https://media.defense.gov/2017/Mar/13/2001710658/-1/-1/0/CI_5216_18.PDF </ref>. MOUs can be categorized into three overarching groups: Academic MOUs, Domestic MOUs, and Non-Profit and other MOUs. <br />
; Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) : An MOA is different than an MOU because it describes in detail any specific responsibilities and actions needed to be taken by each party involved in order to accomplish a set goal <ref>https://media.defense.gov/2017/Mar/13/2001710658/-1/-1/0/CI_5216_18.PDF </ref>. Both MOUs and MOAs are required to follow the mission of the federal agency involved as well as federal law, regulation, and funding limitations. MOUs and MOAs also do not trump the need for separate contracts, documents, and agreements to meet the goals of the respective parties involved. MOUs and MOAs are not to be used as the sole authority to meet a goal or acquire goods and services.<br />
; Joint Powers Agreement (JPA) : Some JPAs are cooperative agreements between existing agencies and others create separate institutions that are known as joint powers agencies <ref> https://sgf.senate.ca.gov/sites/sgf.senate.ca.gov/files/GWTFinalversion2.pdf </ref>. JPAs are established to work on a common problem between two or more parties, fund projects, or act as representative body to different activities <ref> https://sgf.senate.ca.gov/sites/sgf.senate.ca.gov/files/GWTFinalversion2.pdf </ref>. JPAs can be formed between federal institutions, state departments, counties, cities, school districts, development agencies and other joint power institutions. JPAs can also be formed across state lines. JPAs are currently formed for groundwater management, infrastructure development, habitat conservation, mental health facilities construction, etc <ref> https://sgf.senate.ca.gov/sites/sgf.senate.ca.gov/files/GWTFinalversion2.pdf </ref>.<br />
<br />
== Process of establishing MOUs/MOAs==<br />
<br />
The first stage in the process of establishing MOUs/MOAs is the planning stage <ref> https://aspe.hhs.gov/basic-report/guide-memorandum-understanding-negotiation-and-development#chapII </ref>. This is when internal brainstorming begins between administrators, case managers, or others parties involved in order to identify:<br />
<br />
# What you want or need another party to provide<br />
# What you are willing to negotiate<br />
# What you are willing to give up<br />
# What you have to offer<br />
# The rationale for entering the MOU process <ref> https://aspe.hhs.gov/basic-report/guide-memorandum-understanding-negotiation-and-development#chapII </ref>. <br />
<br />
The second step of the planning stage involves identifying the potential providers of the specific community. This allows for the needs of the community to be identified and allows a plan or goal to be set in order to meet those needs. The third step is focused on identifying the program objectives of the particular MOU/MOA and understanding if the objectives can be met without the MOU/MOA. The third step is regarded as the most crucial part of creating a MOU/MOA. The fourth step involves understanding the level of staff to be involved in the negotiation process that will take place in another stage of the MOU/MOA process. The last two steps of the planning stage involve identifying agencies that have resources to provide services and also have the authority to do so. <br />
<br />
The second stage is known as the negotiation stage <ref> https://aspe.hhs.gov/basic-report/guide-memorandum-understanding-negotiation-and-development#chapII </ref>. The negotiation stage begins with a contact with between the parties to discuss specific elements of the MOU/MOA. The overall concept of the MOU/MOA is presented to the case management of different agencies that are planning on working together in order to agree on the terms of the agreement.<br />
<br />
The third stage is where the MOU/MOA is completed <ref> https://aspe.hhs.gov/basic-report/guide-memorandum-understanding-negotiation-and-development#chapII </ref>. This final stage involves the preparation of a draft of the MOU instrument which is based on your meeting and negotiations with the provider agency. Generally, since you are initiating the process, you will assume responsibility for preparing the draft. Send the draft to the other party, along with a cover letter in which you identify controversial areas. Try to negotiate those points where there is some flexibility and identify the immutable points. This phase of the negotiation could be handled by phone or in person. Involving the persons with the authority to negotiate for the agency at this draft stage can minimize the time to complete the MOU.<br />
<br />
== Local JPAs, MOUs, and MOAs, ==<br />
<br />
* Coast Dairies Management Area on the north coast of [[City of Santa Cruz | Santa Cruz County]] <ref> https://www.blm.gov/press-release/blm-signs-partnership-agreement-amah-mutsun-land-trust </ref><br />
** '''Parties:''' [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) | Bureau of Land Management]] and the Amah Mutsun Land Trust<br />
** '''Purpose:''' The purpose of this MOU is to provide tribal members access to Coast Dairies, allow the collection of plant materials on Coast Dairies, and facilitate collaboration between BLM and AMLT that will help guide management planning at Coast Dairies.<br />
<br />
* Laguna Grande Regional Park Joint Powers Agency <ref> https://www.mprpd.org/files/950f3eee4/LGJPA-Agenda_093019.pdf </ref><br />
** '''Parties:''' [[Monterey County Regional Park District | Monterey County Regional Park District]] , [[City of Monterey | City of Monterey]], [[City of Seaside | City of Seaside]]<br />
** '''Purpose:''' This agency was created to coordinate the development and maintenance of the Laguna Regional Park<br />
* Canyon Del Rey Watershed Joint Powers Agency <ref> https://www.ci.seaside.ca.us/DocumentCenter/View/10036/Canyon-Del-Rey-Watershed-Joint-Powers-Agency-Article-1-PDF </ref> <br />
**'''Parties:''' Cities: Del Rey Oaks, Monterey, Seaside; Monterey County; and the [[Monterey County Regional Park District | Monterey Peninsula Regional Park District]]<br />
** '''Purpose:''' This agency was created to coordinate the development and maintenance of the Canyon Del Rey Watershed to preserve and improve the quality of the water<br />
* [[Monterey Peninsula | Monterey Peninsula]] Regional Water Authority (MPRWA) <ref> https://monterey.org/MPRWA-Hosted-Archive/The-Authority </ref><br />
**'''Parties:''' Mayors of [[Carmel | Carmel-by-the-Sea]], Del Rey Oaks, Monterey, Pacific Grove, Sand City, and Seaside<br />
** '''Purpose:''' This agency was created to find a solution to the Peninsula Water Shortage caused by the over drafting of the Carmel River <br />
* [[Desalination in California's Central Coast Region | Deep Water Desalination]] <ref> https://www.deepwaterdesal.com/joint-powers-authority.htm </ref><br />
**'''Parties:''' Monterey Bay Regional Water Project and the Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination (SWRO) Plant<br />
** '''Purpose:''' The purpose of this agency is to design and construct the SWRO facility and later operate the facility for a period of time.<br />
* [[Regional Government Services]]<br />
<br />
== Other Examples in Conservation==<br />
<br />
* California Condor Restoration Memorandum of Understanding May 2018 <ref> https://parkplanning.nps.gov/document.cfm?parkID=336&projectID=66364&documentID=88289 </ref><br />
** '''Parties:''' [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service]], [[National Park Service (NPS) | The National Park Service]], [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) | Bureau of Land Management]], [[United States Forest Service (USFS) | U.S. Forest Service]], the Yurok Tribe, [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) | California Department of Fish and Wildlife]], [[California Department of Parks and Recreation (State Parks) | California Department of Parks and Recreation]], Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Oregon Zoo, the Sequoia Park Zoo, the Ventana Wildlife Society, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, PacifiCorp d.b.a. Pacific Power, Green Diamond Resource Company, and Hells Canyon Preservation Council. <br />
** '''Purpose:''' Provide detailed goals of cooperation and encourage close coordination among the parties involved to support ongoing conservation of the California condor<br />
<br />
* The Conservation of Migratory Birds <ref> https://www.fws.gov/migratorybirds/pdf/management/mounps.pdf </ref> <br />
** '''Parties:''' [[National Park Service (NPS) | The National Park Service]] and [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service]]<br />
** '''Purpose:''' The purpose of this MOU is to increase migratory bird conservation by identifying and developing strategies used to complement and support existing efforts, and create new collaborative migratory bird conservation partnerships and efficient planning strategies for migratory birds. <br />
<br />
* Protection of National Parks and Other Protected Natural and Cultural Heritage Sites <ref> https://iea.uoregon.edu/MarineMammals/engine/research/0-3309-3313htm_1.htm </ref><br />
** '''Parties:''' [[National Park Service (NPS) | The National Park Service]] and the Secretariat of Urban Development and Ecology United Mexican States<br />
** '''Purpose:''' The purpose of this MOU is to promote the rational use and management of natural resources within protected national areas and natural and cultural heritage<br />
* National Pollution Discharge <ref>https://www.bsee.gov/sites/bsee.gov/files/doi-epa-npdes-mou-signed-and-ocrd.pdf </ref><br />
** '''Parties:''' Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement, and the [[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)| Environmental Protection Agency]] <br />
** '''Purpose:''' This MOU was created to promote coordination between the oil and gas agencies' lease activities on the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS).<br />
* Cooperation in Management and Protection of National Parks and Other Protected Natural and Cultural Heritage Sites, Mexico City and Washington <ref> https://iea.uoregon.edu/MarineMammals/engine/research/0-3309-3313htm_1.htm </ref><br />
** '''Parties:''' [[National Park Service (NPS) | The National Park Service]] and the Secretariat of Urban Development and Ecology<br />
** '''Purpose:''' The purpose of the MOU was to work towards the conservation of protected natural areas and their biodiversity, the preservation of cultural heritage and natural resources, and sustainable development alternatives for rural Mexican communities <ref> https://books.google.com/books?id=ixvUpq8j-gwC&pg=PA3309&lpg=PA3309&dq=Memorandum+of+Understanding+Between+the+National+Park+Service+of+the+Department+of+the+Interior+of+the+United+States+of+America+and+the+Secretariat+of+Urban+Development+and+Ecology+on+Cooperation+in+Management+and+Protection+of+National+Parks+and+Other+Protected+Natural+and+Cultural+Heritage+Sites,+Mexico+City+and+Washington,+1988-1989+MEMORANDUM+OF+UNDERSTANDING+between+NATIONAL+PARK+SERVICE+OF+THE+DEPARTMENT+OF+THE+INTERIOR+OF+THE+UNITED+STATES+OF+AMERICA+and+SECRETARIAT+OF+URBAN+DEVELOPMENT+AND+ECOLOGY+UNITED+MEXICAN+STATES+on+Cooperation+in+Management+and+Protection+of+National+Parks+and+Other+Protected+Natural+and+Cultural+Heritage+Sites&source=bl&ots=iwBsuX6A7j&sig=ACfU3U1es6X6XPXY3cjf0RNcaE022oMBhA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj3__vInKzvAhXFWM0KHb8QASEQ6AEwAXoECAEQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false </ref>. <br />
* Establishing the Federal Native Plant Conservation Committee of the Plant Conservation Alliance <ref> https://www.blm.gov/sites/blm.gov/files/PCA%20MOU%202019%205%20signed.pdf </ref><br />
** '''Parties:''' [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) | Bureau of Land Management]], [[National Park Service (NPS) | The National Park Service]], Smithsonian Institution, United States Botanic Garden, [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service]], and [[United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) | USDA]] Agricultural Research Service<br />
** '''Purpose:''' The purpose of this MOU is to allow the Federal Native Plant Conservation Committee to continue working through the Plant Conservation Alliance. The involved parties will identify and recommend conservation needs for native plants and their habitats and coordinate programs in order to meet those needs <ref> https://www.blm.gov/sites/blm.gov/files/PCA%20MOU%202019%205%20signed.pdf </ref><br />
<br />
=== Other examples===<br />
<br />
* Mission Trails Regional Occupational Program <ref> https://www.salinasuhsd.org/Page/112 </ref><br />
** '''Parties:''' Carmel Unified School District, Gonzales Unified School District, Monterey Peninsula Unified School District, North Monterey County School District, Soledad Unified School District, South Monterey County Joint Union High School District and Salinas Union High School District<br />
** '''Purpose:''' This JPA was established to "develop, administer, and operate as a strong mechanism of collaboration and support in CTE programs across Monterey County" <ref> https://www.salinasuhsd.org/Page/112 </ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Bureau_of_Land_ManagementBureau of Land Management2021-03-25T20:31:34Z<p>Fred: Redirected page to United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM)</p>
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<div>#Redirect [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM)]]</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/ENVS_560/L_Watershed_Systems_-_WorkingENVS 560/L Watershed Systems - Working2021-03-18T23:57:12Z<p>Fred: /* 2021 Phases 2, 3, 4 */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page is a working area for the [[ENVS 560]] class.<br />
<br />
== Lists to keep up to date==<br />
<br />
Don't forget to make sure all major 'issue' and 'summary' pages are listed in one of the site [[Contents]] pages.<br />
<br />
== Ideas for the future ==<br />
<br />
===New pages & major updates===<br />
<br />
* List of major conservation easements such as the [[Hearst Ranch Conservation Easement]]. Pages on some of the largest ones in Central Coast. See CCED (part of CPAD) for sizes & locations.<br />
* Safe Harbor Agreements e.g State Parks / Garrapata<br />
* Smith's Blue Butterfly - ecology, distribution, conservation, regulation, agreements, enforcement, ...<br />
Flesh out [[California Wildlife Conservation Board]] page<br />
* A page on mitigation banking including examples on the Central Coast (e.g. 2 CalTrans banks in our region - at Carmel Lagoon & at Elkhorn Slough) <br />
* [[California State Lands Commission]]<br />
* Mo CO Ag Land Trust & Ferrini Ranch<br />
* A page on simulation models used in Env Mgt in the Central Coast, and a page on each model (including links to projects where it has been used). Include models like:<br />
** [[HEC-RAS]]<br />
** [[HEC-HMS]]<br />
** [[SVIGSM]]<br />
** [[MODFLOW]]<br />
<br />
* Flesh out this page: [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
* A page on [[Monterey County Civil Grand Jury]] and some of the key things it's done<br />
* A page on RCDs, and add RCDs to examples of "Special Districts"<br />
* A page on Monterey Regional Airport District, and add this to examples of "Special Districts"<br />
* A page explaining the basic concept of 'water rights' and listing the local issues that are relevant to it (e.g. Seawater Intrusion, Urban Development, ...)<br />
<br />
'''Fill in pages that have been created on this wiki but are empty or mostly empty'''<br />
* Flesh out pages on these organizations and what they do in the CC region:<br />
** [[BLM]]. A functional [[BLM]] wikipage is something that could greatly help round out this wiki. A '''lot''' of existing wikipages link back to the currently empty BLM or relate to the BLM in some way. Might be something seriously worth considering as a "phase 2" project for 2019. <br />
** [[USFS]]<br />
** [[MPRPD]]<br />
** [[RCDMC]]<br />
** [[USFWS]]<br />
** [[CNPS]]<br />
** [[California Native Plant Society (CNPS) Rare Plant Ranking System]]<br />
* A list of [[Ecosystems of California's Central Coast Region]], with links to pages on each, and with each page including a section on policy surrounding that ecosystem e.g. :<br />
** [[Coastal Oak Woodland]]<br />
** [[Maritime Chaparral]]<br />
** [[Coastal Dune Scrub]]<br />
** [[Annual Grassland]]<br />
** [[Vernal Pools]]<br />
** [[Coastal Redwood Forest]]<br />
** [[Monterey Pine Forest]]<br />
** The overall ecosystems page would look something like the page on [[Recreational Planning Initiatives in the California Central Coast]] except with one link for each habitat wiki.<br />
** Individual ecosystem pages would be like the existing page/s relating to [[Oak Woodland]]<br />
* Add pages on energy issues in the California Central coast, like '''fracking''', etc...<br />
* Flesh out the page on [[National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)]] (a bit like we've already done for the [[CEQA]] page). Specifically, include things like EIS, FONSI, CATEX, Section 7 consultations. Also include examples of prominent projects whose environmental impacts have primarily been addressed through NEPA (as opposed to CEQA), e.g. California Valley Solar, and probably a bunch of federal UXO actions on Ft Ord.<br />
* Page on [[Incidental Take Permits (ITPs)]] otherwise known as [[2081]] permits<br />
** Needs to be related to this page [[Common Permits Required for Restoration in the Central Coast Region]], which might need a split or a name change to make it more general and less specific about 'restoration'<br />
** Separate new page listing major or exemplary [[ITPs]] in the region<br />
* Develop pages regarding [[Recreational Planning Initiatives in the California Central Coast]]:<br />
** [[Fort Ord National Monument]]<br />
** [[Fort Ord Recreational Habitat Area (FORHA)]]<br />
** [[Carmel Area State Park General Plan (CASP GP)]]<br />
** [[California Coastal Trail (CCT)]]<br />
** [[Monterey Bay Sanctuary Scenic Trail Network]]<br />
* Page on EIRs, probably small, leaving most of the heavy lifting to the various [[CEQA]] pages<br />
* New page on the effort to create a groundwater sustainability agency for the Salinas Valley<br />
* New page on [[Water Supply Issues on the Former Fort Ord]]<br />
* New page on the former [[Regional Urban Water Augmentation Project (RUWAP)]]<br />
* Develop the [[California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC)]] page to include a list of major points where CPUC has exerted influence on projects in the southern Monterey Monterey Bay region.<br />
* Pages on some specific [[Special Status Species]], including things basic life history and distribution, but mainly focusing on relevance to environmental management i.e. how their protection relates to various projects e.g. Snowy Plover, and its relationship with [[SVWSP]] and [[The Collection at Monterey Bay]] etc.<br />
* Pages on Easements, and specifically Conservation Easements, and more-specifically, major Conservation Easements held in the region.<br />
* New page on [[CCWQPI monitoring results and reporting]]<br />
* New page on [[Urban stormwater regulations applicable to California's Central Coast region]]<br />
* New page on [[CEQA and California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
* New page on [[Integrated Regional Water Management in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
* A page on [[Recovery Plans]] under the [[ESA]] (listing ones that are being or have been developed in the Central Coast)<br />
* Flesh out the 'Watch-Listed' category on the [[Special Status Species]] page (perhaps with a new page). Give local examples (e.g. some birds), and show how species get on this list (some specific analyses of CBC and BBS trends by one or two NGOs).<br />
* Summarize local examples (e.g. from actual local EIRs) of how various [[Special Status Species]] designations have been recognized and heeded. e.g. in what cases have 'Watch Listed' species been identified in an [[EIR]] or [[IS/MND]], and what was the consequence of this?<br />
<br />
'''Fill in or create pages regarding key regions or location of interest along the Californian Central Coast'''<br />
* Page on [[The Big Sur River Watershed]]<br />
* New pages on [[City of Seaside]], [[City of Monterey]], [[City of Pacific Grove]], [[Pebble Beach]], [[Carmel]], [[Carmel Highlands]], [[Carmel-by-the-Sea]], and [[Carmel Valley]],[[Coastal Dunes of the Monterey Bay Region]].<br />
* Flesh out [[Water Quality Control Plan for the Central Coast Region (Basin Plan)]]<br />
* This page is out of date: [[Harkins Slough and Expansion of Urban Land Use at Watsonville]]<br />
<br />
=== Short, dead-end, and pages with the fewest revisions ===<br />
<br />
A good place to look for pages that could potentially need beefing up is under the [http://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Special:SpecialPages Special Pages] section of this wiki. Specifically, look under:<br />
<br />
*[http://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Special:ShortPages Short pages]<br />
**Lists pages that could use some beefing up. Some pages look like they aren't relevant to the wiki, but others do (i.e. [[Point source pollution]], [[California Energy Commission]], and many more).<br />
*[http://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Special:DeadendPages Dead-end pages]<br />
**These pages do not link to other pages in the CCoWS Wiki (which is something we want to avoid. We want the wiki pages to be as interconnected as possible). Probably means that these pages are undereveloped, too...<br />
***It would be wise to look through these and add links to other wikis if applicable.<br />
*[http://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Special:FewestRevisions Pages with the fewest revisions]<br />
**Also a good place to look for pages that need some minor to major revisions (for example, the [[California Natural Resources Agency]] and [[California Tiger Salamander]], and pages are listed here.)<br />
**This is also an '''excellent''' place to look for pages that could potentially be part of your '''Phase 1''' assignment. Some of these pages appear to be moderately fleshed out but have few revisions <br />
<br />
Be wary though, looks like some of these pages could be redirected to other beefed up pages. Use the search bar to make sure you aren't re-writing information that already exists.<br />
<br />
===Minor to moderate updates===<br />
<br />
* Reduce any redundancy among these five pages (and potentially others):<br />
** [[Salmonids in California's Central Coast Region: Salmon, Trout, and Steelhead]]<br />
** [[Anadromous Species of Washington, Oregon, and California]]<br />
** [[Anadromous Fishes of California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
** [[Steelhead Management in the Monterey Bay Region]]<br />
** [[Steelhead Management in the Salinas Watershed]]<br />
<br />
* A member of the public emailed July 2019 asking that SC Dam be removed from maps of the Carmel Watershed<br />
<br />
* Check and move all items from [[ENVS_560/L_Watershed_Systems|the list on this 560 page]] to [[Summaries of Environmental Topics on the Central Coast of California|this page]] or [[Watershed Issues on the Central Coast of California|this page]]. Ultimately, we DON'T want to have a list on the 560 page.<br />
<br />
* Check what we have on who can hold cons easements (e.g. BSLT has applied to be able to do this)<br />
<br />
* Capture the projects, consultants, and models used in [http://www.co.monterey.ca.us/planning/major/EPB%20and%20Scenic%20Road%20Protection/Feas%20Rpt%20-%20Final%20Tech%20Rpts%20(geology%20hydrology%20biology).pdf this report] on the Carmel Lagoon Ecosystem Protective Barrier<br />
<br />
* Add [http://acshabitat.com/] to firms working in our region. They do hab management for Naval Support Activity Monterey in the dunes area.<br />
<br />
* Update the pages relating to major current water projects i.e.:<br />
** [[Monterey Peninsula Water Supply Project (MPWSP)]]<br />
** [[Monterey Peninsula Groundwater Replenishment Project]] - / Pure Water Monterey - lots has probably happened since last page update<br />
<br />
* Add firms and projects to [[List of Environmental Consultants working in the California Central Coast Region]]:<br />
** Firms:<br />
*** Firms involved with the CSUMB Master Plan Update (In 2016 added some new firms- more firms may have done work on this plan)<br />
*** Firms involved with Seaside General Plan update - Raimi etc.<br />
<br />
*Add more to:<br />
** [[Invasive Vertebrates of California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
** [[Invasive Fungi of California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
** [[Coastal Retreat in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
** [[Local Coastal Programs in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
** [[Monterey Peninsula Water Supply Project (MPWSP)]] - summarize the RESULTS of the slant well test, and the controversy since those results<br />
** [[Big Sur Region]]<br />
** Individual pages on counties and cities listed [[California's Central Coast Region|here]]. Make sure links are added to all pages! <br />
**[[Monterey Peninsula Regional Park District (MPRPD)]]<br />
<br />
* Split the [[Salinas Valley Seawater Intrusion]] page into two pages - one on intrusion, and the other on [[Groundwater overdraft in California's Central Coast Region]].<br />
<br />
* Add basic disclaimer etc to any wikis lacking it<br />
<br />
*Regional water and [[Desalination in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
** Balanced view of the current desal options.<br />
** Decision making process about selecting a desal provider<br />
** Current thoughts on cost to rate payers<br />
* Status of county's response to new State Groundwater Monitoring regs. Compare to other parts of the state?<br />
* Get a list of the planned urban development for the next ten years in the CalAm service area and assess the water consumption of those developments.<br />
* Follow up on Big Sur Watershed management plan as a case study in that kind of public process...what kinds of projects were implemented or are planned as a result of that document. What is the process for getting improvement projects funded? Does the current watershed management planning process work? What is the status of the Carmel watershed management planning process?<br />
* Issues around los padres Dam.<br />
<br />
== 2021 Phase 1 ==<br />
<br />
* Phase 1 - Minor edits & updates<br />
** [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region]] '''Lissa'''<br />
***'''Emma''': Added mostly non-profit organizations, double-checked that page names couldn't be under another name, went through pages to make sure they all connected back to the main page [[California Central Coast Region]]. Added info to a few pages with references. <br />
** [[Legislation related to environmental management in California's Central Coast Region]] '''Duncan, Kierra''' <br />
***'''Kierra''': Added legislation to this page (Aesthetics-Hazards and Hazardous Materials). For legislation that is already in the Wiki, I added links to the existing legislation pages. I also included a link to the "legislation related" page on existing legislation pages.<br />
***'''Duncan''': Added legislation to this page (Hydrology & Water Quality-Utilities & Public Service Systems). <br />
** Check and move all items from [[ENVS_560/L_Watershed_Systems|the list on this 560 page]] to [[Summaries of Environmental Topics on the Central Coast of California|this page]] or [[Watershed Issues on the Central Coast of California|this page]]. Ultimately, we DON'T want to have a list on the 560 page. <br />
***'''Adrian''': Split the list into two: representation elsewhere and duplicates. Removed links from the 560 page and added those eligible to correct pages like [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|this]] or [[California's Central Coast Region|this]]. <br />
***'''Connie''': Split the list into two: representation elsewhere and duplicates. Removed links from the 560 page and added those eligible to correct pages [[Technical Tools used in Environmental Science and Management within California's Central Coast Region|like this one]] .<br />
** Add [http://acshabitat.com/] to firms working in our region to [[List of Environmental Consultants working in the California Central Coast Region]]. They do hab management for Naval Support Activity Monterey in the dunes area. '''Aubrie'''<br />
** Flesh this page out a bit more, esp. with relevance to Condor NHA [[Big Sur Region]] '''Isaac''' <br />
** Create a page that lists pages for large-scale cross-jurisdictional environmental / landscape / transportation initiatives e.g. Range of the Condor NHA, California Coast Trail, FORTAG, maybe some ecological corridor stuff, etc. [[Pacific US Large Scale Initiatives]] '''Michelle, Monica'''<br />
** This page is a bit of a loose end: [[Public Land Jurisdictions in the California Central Coast Region]] '''Sam'''<br />
** General clean-up based on the section on this page called 'Short, dead-end, and pages with the fewest revisions'. '''California, Brooke'''<br />
***'''California''' : Deleted short pages with no redirect links, Renamed one vague page (central valley) in the dead-end pages list., fixed the broken links and deleted the vague page <br />
*** '''Brooke''' : Went through all the "Dead End" pages and deleted pages with arbitrary names, no content, and nothing linked to them<br />
** Update [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]] page to include their new land in Big Sur, and their effort alongside Sam Farr to establish the RoC NHA…linking to a page for [[Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]. '''Shawn'''<br />
<br />
== 2021 Phases 2, 3, 4 ==<br />
<br />
[[List of pages most relevant to the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]<br />
<br />
* Organized by author - Phases 2 & 3:<br />
<!----><br />
** '''[[Special:Contributions/LissaG|Lissa]]''' - Phase 2: [[NOAA]], [[USFWS]] <span style="color:#00bb00">Phase 3: [[National Heritage Areas]]</span> '''3/16 :) 3/18 :)'''<br />
<!----><br />
** '''[[Special:Contributions/BrookeF|Brooke]]''' - Phase 2: [[US Army Presence in the California Central Coast Region | US Army]] <span style="color:#00bb00">Phase 3: [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]</span> '''3/16 :) 3/18 :)'''<br />
<!----><br />
** '''[[Special:Contributions/EmmaD|Emma]]''' - Phase 2: [[Lands that could potentially be designated for inclusion in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]] <span style="color:#00bb00">Phase 3: [[Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]</span> '''3/16 :) 3/18 -'''<br />
<!----><br />
** '''[[Special:Contributions/ConnieM|Connie]]''' - Phase 2: [[Native Americans in Calfornia's Central Coast Region]] <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: [[JPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region]], and then [[Federal legislation and executive orders relating to federal lands in California's Central Coast region]] </span> '''3/16 --- 3/18 :)'''<br />
<!----><br />
** '''[[Special:Contributions/MichelleT|Michelle]]''' - Phase 2: [[USFS]] [[LPNF]] <span style="color:#00bb00">Phase 3: [[Map of Proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]</span> '''3/16 :) 3/18 :)'''<br />
<!----><br />
** '''[[Special:Contributions/DuncanM|Duncan]]''' - Phase 2: [[BLM]], [[FONM]], [[California Coastal National Monument (CCNM)]], and the [[Clear Creek Management Area (CCMA)]]. <span style="color:#00bb00">Phase 3: [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]</span> '''3/16 :) 3/18 -'''<br />
<!----><br />
** '''[[Special:Contributions/AubrieH|Aubrie]]''' - Phase 2: [[Maps of the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]], [[The Condor Trail]], [[Central Coast Heritage Protection Act]] <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: [[Ventana Wildlife Society]], [[Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail]], [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]</span> '''3/16 -? 3/18 :)''' <br />
<!----><br />
** '''[[Special:Contributions/SamG|Sam]]''' - Phase 2: [[National Heritage Areas]] <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: [[California Condor]], [[Appalachian Forest National Heritage Area|Appalachian Forest NHA]], [[Blue Ridge National Heritage Area|Blue Ridge NHA]], [[Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta National Heritage Area|Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta NHA]]</span> '''3/16 -- 3/18 --'''<br />
<!----><br />
** '''[[Special:Contributions/IsaacN|Isaac]]''' - Phase 2: [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]] <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: [[California Coastal Trail (CCT)]]</span> '''3/16 m 3/18 m'''<br />
<!----><br />
** '''[[Special:Contributions/ShawnM|Shawn]]''' - Phase 2: [[Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]] <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: Direct requests for information</span> '''3/16 r 3/18 r)'''<br />
<!----><br />
** '''[[Special:Contributions/KierraR|Kierra]]''' - Phase 2: [[National Heritage Areas]] <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: [[United States Department of the Interior (DOI)|DOI]], [[Maps relating to the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]], etc.</span> '''3/16 -? 3/18 -'''<br />
<!----><br />
** '''[[Special:Contributions/CaliforniaB|California]]''' - Phase 2: [[Maps of the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]] <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: [[Release Sites for the California Condor]]</span> '''3/16 :) 3/18 :)'''<br />
<!----><br />
** '''[[Special:Contributions/AdrianG|Adrian]]''' - Phase 2: [[California Condor]] <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: [[Alliance of National Heritage Areas]], [[Mountains to Sound Greenway National Heritage Area|Mountains to Sound Greenway NHA]], [[Great Basin National Heritage Area|Great Basin NHA]], [[Freedom's Way National Heritage Area|Freedom's Way NHA]], etc.</span> '''3/16 :) 3/18 :)'''<br />
<!----><br />
** '''[[Special:Contributions/MonicaS|Monica]]''' - Phase 2: [[National Park Service]] <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: [[Central Coast Heritage Protection Act]] and [[Federal legislation and executive orders relating to federal lands in California's Central Coast region]]</span> '''3/16 :) 3/18 :)'''<br />
<!----><br />
* Phase 4 to do - 3/18:<br />
** These pages never got written: [[Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta National Heritage Area]], [[Appalachian Forest National Heritage Area]], [[Blue Ridge National Heritage Area]], [[Muscle Shoals National Heritage Area]] <span style="color:#ff00ff"> '''?'''</span><br />
** Need to keep tightening up [[Federal legislation and executive orders relating to federal lands in California's Central Coast region]] <span style="color:#ff00ff"> '''Monica, Connie?'''</span><br />
** Material on 'The Conservation Fund' is too prominent in these pages: [[US Army]], [[Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|RCNHA]]. Few specifics are given; their relevance is unclear; and their inclusion makes it seem like they are a major player in military land management, which is probably not the case. Instead, it would be good to have some content on the actual on-base environmental land management activities at bases like [[FHL]]. <span style="color:#ff00ff"> '''Who?'''</span><br />
** [[USACE]] pages/s: <span style="color:#ff00ff"> '''Brooke'''</span><br />
*** There are two pages that need to be merged: [[United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)]] <span style="color:#ff00ff"> '''pages are merged, I got rid of the other link'''</span><br />
*** The [[USACE]] page is a bit thin. It doesn't really give any information on USACE in our area, or links to other relevant pages like [[US Army]].<br />
** Need a brief page for [[Carrizo Plain National Monument]]. Use the [[California Coastal National Monument (CCNM) | CCNM]] page as an example. <span style="color:#ff00ff"> '''Michelle T.'''</span><br />
** [[Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|RCNHA page]]<br />
*** Do we have GIS acres in RCNHA per agency yet? <span style="color:#ff00ff"> '''Who? corrected column inserted 3/18 (Duncan)'''</span><br />
*** Maybe at the bottom add a section on the potential for large private conservation easement holders to be partners (e.g. [[Hearst Ranch Conservation Easement]]). CCED maps them. Maybe see if this is already a thing in other NHAs? <span style="color:#ff00ff"> '''Duncan'''</span><br />
*** The USFWS part of the 'Key Partners' section needs to address NWRs and their acreage in the range. <span style="color:#ff00ff"> '''Monica'''</span><br />
*** The [[Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|RCNHA page]] uses [[MPRWA]] as a local [[MOU]] example, but the page is empty and the example is perhaps not as relevant as another that we could come up with.<br />
*** The 'Types of NHA Management' section in the [[Range of the Condor National Heritage Area|RCNHA page]] needs some more re-wording for clarity. Specifically the sentence starting "The established precedent...", the sentence after that (delete?), the bullet list of responsibilities (delete?), and the opening line of each of the two LCE sub-sections. <span style="color:#ff00ff"> '''Isaac N.'''</span><br />
*** 'approximately 4,222,701 acres' does not make sense if you think about it. <span style="color:#ff00ff"> '''Brooke''' done, but waiting on GIS acres</span><br />
*** Change 'top priority' to 'mission' in USFS section. <span style="color:#ff00ff"> '''Brooke'''</span><br />
*** NOAA section: need to address relevance of marine organizations to condors, which are arguably non-marine animals. <span style="color:#ff00ff"> '''Lissa'''</span><br />
** Native Americans:<br />
*** [[BIA]] page could be fleshed out a bit, including maps of the central & southern agencies. <span style="color:#ff00ff"> '''Connie- done'''</span><br />
*** Fix the BIA row of the orgs table. List agencies instead of rancherias. CLarify that budget etc. is national 9?) not agency scale. <span style="color:#ff00ff"> '''Shawn'''</span><br />
*** Tribal section refers to 'heritage of the state'. This is insensitive to the fact that native heritage pre-dates the concept of a 'state' of California. <span style="color:#ff00ff"> '''Lissa'''</span><br />
*** The new Esselen land is not really "along the Little Sur River". It is high on a ridge line above the LSR.<span style="color:#ff00ff"> '''Lissa'''</span><br />
** Make red links here blue, by correcting the links to pages that already exist: [[Lands that could potentially be encompassed by the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]] <span style="color:#ff00ff"> '''Kierra, done'''</span><br />
** [[United_States_Department_of_the_Interior_(DOI)|DOI]] page and pages that should link to it:<br />
*** The 'Governance' section seems incorrect. <span style="color:#ff00ff"> '''Aubrie'''</span><br />
*** The 'Central Coast Context' section seems imbalanced. <span style="color:#ff00ff"> '''Aubrie'''</span><br />
*** Need to check that DOI bureaus & services pages link to the [[DOI]] page. <span style="color:#ff00ff"> '''Aubrie'''</span><br />
** [[USBR]] page:<br />
*** [[USBR]] should be linked from [[DOI]] and vice versa. <span style="color:#ff00ff"> '''Emma'''</span><br />
*** [[USBR]] page implies Central Valley is in Central Coast. Need something about Twitchell, Casitas etc. <span style="color:#ff00ff"> '''Emma'''</span><br />
*** Remove all meta text on [[USBR]] page. <span style="color:#ff00ff"> '''Emma'''</span><br />
** [[USFS]] page should have links to all the NFs that we have pages for, not just LPNF. And vice versa. <span style="color:#ff00ff"> '''Michelle T'''</span><br />
** These links should be internal unless there's no internal page [[Release_Sites_for_the_California_Condor#Links]]. <span style="color:#ff00ff"> '''Connie, done'''</span><br />
<!----><br />
* Organized by page / topic:<br />
<!----><br />
** Loose ends <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: Kierra.</span><br />
<!----><br />
*** These pages seem like loose ends that don't really have a home, or have been replaced by other pages, or have titles that don't really meet the conventions of the wiki, etc. They need to be either deleted or renamed. But not before checking if anything links to them, and if so, changing the links to the right pages etc.:<br />
<!----><br />
*** [[California-Great Basin Region (Southwest Quadrant)]]<br />
*** [[Condor National Heritage Area Map]]<br />
*** [[CCNM]]<br />
*** [[Pacific Crest Trail]]<br />
<!----><br />
** Main NHA-related pages we're creating: <br />
<!----><br />
*** [[National Heritage Areas]]. Phase 2: '''Kierra, Sam'''. <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: Lissa.</span><br />
<!----><br />
*** [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]. <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: Brooke.</span><br />
<!----><br />
*** Direct requests for information. <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: Shawn.</span><br />
<!----><br />
*** [[Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]] Phase 2: '''Shawn and everyone'''. <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: Emma.</span><br />
<!----><br />
*** [[JPAs, MOUs, and MOA's in California's Central Coast Region]] <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: Connie.</span><br />
<!----><br />
*** [[Organizations that are potential partners in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]. Phase 2: '''Isaac and everyone'''. <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: Duncan.</span><br />
<!----><br />
*** [[Lands that could potentially be designated for inclusion in the Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]. Phase 2: '''Emma''' <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: Not needed.</span><br />
<!----><br />
*** [[California Condor]]. Phase 2: '''Adrian''' <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: Sam.</span><br />
<!----><br />
**** [[Map of California Condor Release Sites]]<br />
<!----><br />
**** [[Release Sites for the California Condor]] <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: California.</span><br />
<!----><br />
*** [[The Condor Trail]]. Phase 2: '''Aubrie'''.<br />
<!----><br />
**** [[Map of The Condor Trail]]<br />
<!----><br />
**** [[Central Coast Heritage Protection Act]], and [[Federal legislation and executive orders relating to federal lands in California's Central Coast region]] <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: Monica.</span><br />
<!----><br />
**** [[California Coastal Trail (CCT)]] <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: Isaac.</span><br />
<!----><br />
*** [[Maps relating to the proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]]. Phase 2: '''California''', '''Aubrie''' <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: Kierra.</span><br />
<!----><br />
*** [[Map of Proposed Range of the Condor National Heritage Area]] <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: Michelle.</span><br />
<!----><br />
*** [[Ventana Wildlife Society]] <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: Aubrie.</span><br />
<!----><br />
** Secondary NHA-related pages we need to create or keep up to date: Phase 2: '''Kierra''', '''Shawn'''<br />
<!----><br />
*** [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]]. Phase 2: '''Shawn''' <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: Not needed.</span><br />
<!----><br />
*** [[Land Trusts and Conservancies in California's Central Coast Region]]. Phase 2: '''Shawn'''<br />
<!----><br />
*** [[Wild and Scenic Rivers in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
<!----><br />
*** [[Long distance trails in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
<!----><br />
*** [[Alliance of National Heritage Areas]] <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: Adrian.</span><br />
<!----><br />
*** [[Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta National Heritage Area]] <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: Sam.</span><br />
<!----><br />
*** [[Mountains to Sound Greenway National Heritage Area]] <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: Adrian.</span><br />
<!----><br />
*** [[Appalachian Forest National Heritage Area|Appalachian Forest NHA]] <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: Sam.</span><br />
<!----><br />
*** [[Atchafalaya NHA]]<br />
<!----><br />
*** [[Blue Ridge National Heritage Area | Blue Ridge NHA]] <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: Sam.</span><br />
<!----><br />
*** [[Freedom's Way National Heritage Area | Freedom's Way NHA]] <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: Adrian.</span><br />
<!----><br />
*** [[Great Basin National Heritage Area | Great Basin NHA]] <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: Adrian.</span><br />
<!----><br />
*** [[Kenai Mountains-Turnagain Arm NHA]]<br />
<!----><br />
*** [[Maritime Washington NHA]]<br />
<!----><br />
*** [[Mississippi Gulf NHA]]<br />
<!----><br />
*** [[Muscle Shoals National Heritage Area | Muscle Shoals NHA]]<span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: Sam.</span><br />
<!----><br />
*** [[Niagara Falls NHA]]<br />
<!----><br />
*** [[Northern Plains NHA]]<br />
<!----><br />
*** [[Northern Rio Grande]]<br />
<!----><br />
*** [[Schuylkill River Greenways NHA]]<br />
<!----><br />
** Particular federal orgs & units <span style="color:#00bb00"> Phase 3: Kierra and Aubrie to make sure every unit (e.g. Pinnacles NP) has a links section that links to the agency it belongs to (e.g. NPS). And also that every agency has a links section that links up to the relevant secretariat. And vice versa for all these.</span><br />
<!----><br />
*** [[United States Department of the Interior]] <br />
<!----><br />
**** [[National Park Service]]. Phase 2: '''Monica'''<br />
<!----><br />
***** [[César E. Chávez National Monument]]<br />
***** [[Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area]]<br />
***** [[Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI)]]<br />
****** [[Kings Canyon National Park]]<br />
****** [[Sequoia National Park]]<br />
***** [[Channel Islands National Park]]<br />
***** [[Pinnacles National Park]]<br />
<!----><br />
*** [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) | BLM]], [[Fort Ord National Monument (FONM) | FONM]], [[California Coastal National Monument (CCNM) | CCNM]], [[Clear Creek Management Area (CCMA) | CCMA]]. Phase 2: '''Duncan'''<br />
<!----><br />
**** [[Clear Creek Management Area (CCMA)]]<br />
<!----><br />
*** [[USFWS]]. Phase 2: '''Lissa'''<br />
<!----><br />
*** [[USFS]] & [[LPNF]]. Phase 2: '''Michelle'''<br />
<!----><br />
**** [[San Bernardino National Forest]]<br />
**** [[Sequoia National Forest]]<br />
**** [[Angeles National Forest]]<br />
<!----><br />
*** [[NOAA]]. Phase 2: '''Lissa'''<br />
<!----><br />
**** [[MBNMS]]. Phase 2: '''Lissa'''<br />
<!----><br />
*** [[DOD]]<br />
**** [[US Army Presence in the California Central Coast Region | US Army]] etc. Phase 2: '''Brooke'''<br />
**** [[Presidio of Monterey]]<br />
**** [[Presidio of Monterey Annex]]<br />
***** [[United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)]]<br />
**** [[Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center]]<br />
**** [[Camp San Luis Obispo]]<br />
**** [[Camp Roberts]]<br />
**** [[Fort Hunter Liggett]]<br />
<!----><br />
*** [[Annotated List of Federal Agencies with Resource Management Responsibilities in California's Central Coast Region]]. Phase 2: '''Brooke, Lissa, Duncan, Michelle, Monica'''<br />
<!----><br />
** [[Native Americans in California's Central Coast Region]]. Phase 2: '''Connie'''<br />
<!----><br />
** [[Protected Areas in California's Central Coast Region]]. Phase 2: '''Emma''' ('''Kierra'''?)<br />
<!----><br />
** [[Special Status Animals in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
<!----><br />
** [[Wildlife Corridor]]<br />
<!----><br />
** State units:<br />
<!----><br />
*** [[Forest of Nisene Marks State Park]]<br />
<!----><br />
** Local units:<br />
<!----><br />
*** [[San Bernardino County]]<br />
<br />
== Pages people are updating in 2020 ==<br />
<br />
* 3/28 - still needs work:<br />
** [[Beneficial Uses (BUs) of water bodies in California's Central Coast Region]] page, add "example" of BUs for local waterbody '''Phase 1: Bryan V'''. '''See Fred's notes on 3/27'''<br />
* 3/28 - finished or very nearly so:<br />
** [[California Native Plant Society (CNPS) Rare Plant Ranking System]] '''Phase 1: Liana'''. '''Pending links to/from special status species page'''<br />
** [[Lower Salinas River Watershed Nutrient TMDL - Implementation and Monitoring Progress]] & [[TMDL for Nutrients in Lower Salinas River Watershed, Monterey County, California]] '''Phase 1: Ryan B'''<br />
** [[Salinas River Diversion Facility (SRDF)]] '''Phase 1: Ted R'''. <br />
** [[San Clemente Dam]] Changed external citations to internal where possible, changed all luminpdf links to links to accessible pdfs in Google drive, made minor changes to the "History" section, reorganized the page to remove a lot of redundancy between sections, fixed broken reference links '''Phase 1: Mikaela'''.<br />
** [[CalAm Use of Carmel River Groundwater Basin]] '''Phase 1: Jamie'''. <br />
** [[Invasive Species of California]] '''Phase 1: Janette PJ'''.<br />
** [[Monterey Peninsula Water Supply Project (MPWSP)]] '''Phase 1: Dan L'''<br />
** [[Coastal Retreat in California's Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 1: Ryan S'''<br />
** [[Land Trusts and Conservancies in California's Central Coast Region]], [[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]], [[Sempervirens Fund]], [[Land Trust of Santa Cruz County]], [[The Land Conservancy of San Luis Obispo County]], [[California Rangeland Trust]], [[Wildlife Heritage Foundation]] '''Phase 1: Matt M'''<br />
** [[Big Sur Region]] '''Phase 1: Eric'''<br />
** [[Special Status Animals in the Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 1: Sam G'''<br />
** [[Fort Ord Rec Trail and Greenway (FORTAG)]] '''Phase 1: Laura F'''<br />
<br />
== Main new contribs in 2020 ==<br />
<br />
Sorted by degree of completion of edits & review, so that Fred can keep track of what he needs to look at next:<br />
<br />
* Phase 4 done:<br />
** [[Bat Species of California's Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 2: Janette. Phase 3: Matt'''<br />
** [[Hollister Hills State Vehicle Recreation Area (SVRA)]] '''Phase 2: Mikaela. Phase 3: Eric''' <br />
** [[California Rapid Assessment Method (CRAM)]] '''Phase 2: Liana. Phase 3: Jamie'''<br />
** [[Wildlife Connectivity in California's Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 2: Matt. Phase 3: Janette''' <br />
** [[Landslides and Debris Flows in the California Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 2: Jamie. Phase 3: Mikaela'''<br />
** [[Canyon del Rey Watershed]], [[ Laguna Grande Regional Park]], & [[Roberts Lake]] '''Phase 2: Ryan B. Phase 3: Bryan'''<br />
** [[Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS)]] '''Phase 2: Ryan S. Phase 3: Laura'''<br />
** [[Nacimiento Dam]], [[San Antonio Dam]] and [[Interlake Tunnel]] '''Phase 2: Ted. Phase 3: Dan'''<br />
** [[Anadromous Fishes of the California Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 2:Bryan. Phase 3: Ryan B''' <br />
** [[California Endangered Species Act (CESA)]] '''Phase 2: Sam. Phase 3: Liana'''<br />
** [[California Tiger Salamander in California's Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 2: Laura. Phase 3: Ryan S'''<br />
** [[Canyon del Rey Watershed]], [[ Laguna Grande Regional Park]], & [[Roberts Lake]] '''Phase 2: Ryan B. Phase 3: Bryan'''<br />
* Phase 3 done - written feedback provided by Fred:<br />
** [[Pure Water Monterey]], [[Water Supply Projects in California's Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 2: Dan. Phase 3: Ted'''<br />
* ...:<br />
** [[Monterey Bay Air Resources District]] '''Phase 2: Eric. Phase 3: Sam'''<br />
<br />
== Minor contribs in 2020 ==<br />
<br />
If you make incidental edits not really part of your core Phase 1 or 2 stuff, list them here.<br />
<br />
*[[Sudden Oak Death (SOD)]]- fixed typos '''Janette PJ'''<br />
*[[Special Status Species]] - updated Western Bat Working Group designations '''Janette PJ'''<br />
*[[Arundo donax in California's Central Coast Region]]-updated treatment section after discussion with E.Zefferman '''Janette PJ'''<br />
*[[Trust for Public Land]]-added internal links- '''Matt M'''<br />
*[[How To Wiki]] - added "Creating a wiki table" section '''Sam G'''<br />
*[[Special Status Plants in California's Central Coast Region]]- added a column in the table for [[California Rare Plant Rank]] and added a rank for all plants listed. '''Liana'''<br />
*[[California Central Coast Gage Locations]] updating information on the Arroyo del Rey Gage near Del Rey Oaks City Hall. '''Ryan B'''<br />
*[[Salmonids in California's Central Coast Region: Salmon, Trout, and Steelhead]] created...somewhat major. '''Bryan V.'''<br />
*[[Anadromous Species of Washington, Oregon, and California]] created but incomplete. '''Bryan V.'''<br />
*[[Coho Salmon Crisis in the Central California Coast ESU]] edited some information '''Bryan V.'''<br />
*[[Steelhead]] update information on steelhead '''Bryan V.'''<br />
<br />
== Pages people are updating in 2019 ==<br />
<br />
* [[Invasive Species of California]] '''Phase 1: Andrew C'''<br />
* [[Sand Mining in California's Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 1: Ruby KD'''<br />
* [[Special Status Animals in the Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 1: Ruby KD'''<br />
* [[Riparian corridors in the California Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 1: John W'''<br />
* [[Salinas Valley Seawater Intrusion]] '''Phase 1: Stefanie K'''<br />
* [[Groundwater overdraft in California's Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 1: Stefanie K'''<br />
* [[Seawater Intrusion in the California Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 1: Stefanie K'''<br />
* [[San Clemente Dam]] '''Phase 1: Joey K'''<br />
* removed "Aquifer" and "Aquifers of the Central Coast" for [[Aquifers of California's Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 2: Michael G'''<br />
** removed "groundwater" contradictory references for [[Groundwater topics in California's Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 2: Michael G'''<br />
** Wrote brief page for [[Carmel Valley Aquifer]] '''Phase 2: Michael G'''<br />
*[[Trout Unlimited]] Added pertinent information, changed incorrect statements, and removed or replaced 2 dead links. '''Phase 1 AndrewC'''<br />
<br />
==Main new contribs in 2019==<br />
<br />
* [[Invasive Plants of the Central Coast]] '''Phase 2: Ruby KD''' - '''Phase 3: John'''<br />
* [[Invasive Invertebrates of the Central Coast]] '''Phase 2: Andrew C''' - '''Phase 3: Michael'''<br />
* [[Resource Conservation District of Monterey County (RCDMC)]] '''Phase 2: Stefanie K''' - '''Phase 3: Ruby'''<br />
* [[Resource Conservation Districts in California's Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 2: Stefanie K''' - '''Phase 3: Ruby'''<br />
* [[Monterey Pine Forest]] '''Phase 2: John W''' - '''Phase 3: Stefanie'''<br />
* [[Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA)]] '''Phase 2: Michael Gennaro''' - '''Phase 3: Joey'''<br />
* [[San Clemente Dam]] '''Phase 2: Joey K''' - '''Phase 3: Andrew'''<br />
<br />
==Minor contribs in 2019==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
* [[Sand Mining in California's Central Coast Region]]. Provided news articles pertaining to the CEMEX operation since Mar 16, 2016. Fixed two article links: Santa Cruz Sentinel Mar 21, 2016 and Monterey Herald Aug 26, 2013. Provided four bullets on how the CEMEX plant is conflicting with the Coastal Act, referencing a new source, 2017 memo by the California Coastal Commission. Reorganized page. Added images. Added a section on Settlement Agreement. Flushed out all sections. Added section on Permit history. '''Phase 1 RubyKD'''<br />
* Fixed broken link in [[City of Marina]] under Local Coastal Programs within the Central Coast Area, under wiki page Local Coastal Programs in California's Central Coast Region. '''Phase 1 RubyKD'''<br />
* created the page for [[Salinas Valley]]. One sentence general description to establish this page. '''Phase 1 StefanieK'''<br />
* Fixed some grammar and added links where links were broken or not present in [[Invasive Species of California]]. Added more species to the different groups, and added more information to the existing group. Linked [[Invasive Species of California]] to [[Invasive Invertebrates of the Central Coast]] where necessary. '''Phase 1 AndrewC'''<br />
* Fixed incorrect information in [[Trout Unlimited]] and fixed several dead links. Removed information I couldn't find a link for ( a specific article citing a specific event). '''Phase 1 AndrewC'''<br />
* [[Special Status Animals in the Central Coast Region]]. Added proposed/under review species Monarch, Foothill YLF, WPT. '''Phase 1 RKD'''<br />
* [[Groundwater overdraft in California's Central Coast Region]] - lead-in sentence and added to list. '''Phase 1 StefanieK'''<br />
* [[Seawater Intrusion in the California Central Coast Region]]- lead-in sentence. '''Phase 1 StefanieK'''<br />
* [[List of Special Districts in the Monterey Bay Region]] - updated RCD section. '''Phase 1 StefanieK'''<br />
* [[USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service]] - adding links and updates related to RCDs. '''Phase 1 StefanieK'''<br />
* [[Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve (ESNERR)]] and [[Elkhorn Slough Foundation (ESF)]] - provided a link to the Elkhorn Slough Final Management Plan. '''Phase 1 RKD'''<br />
* [[Monterey Peninsula Regional Park District (MPRPD)]] - provided a link to MPRPD Planning and Conservation Documents page. Fixed reference 12 formatting '''Phase 1 RKD'''<br />
<br />
==Pages people are updating in 2018==<br />
<br />
<br />
* [[Special Status Animals in the Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 1: Amanda P'''<br />
* [[ESNERR]] and a little bit on [[Elkhorn Slough]] '''Phase 1: Kat H'''<br />
* [[Riparian corridors in the California Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 1: Bethany'''<br />
* [[Pajaro Valley Groundwater Overdraft Concerns]] '''Phase 1: Emily W'''<br />
* [[The 303d list of Impaired Waterbodies in the Monterey Bay Region]] '''Phase 1: Arev'''<br />
* [[Conversion of Carr Lake to a Multi-Use Park]] '''Phase 1: Michael'''<br />
* [[Sand Mining in California's Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 1: Cory'''<br />
* [[Soberanes Wildfire in California's Central Coast Region]] - add articles '''Phase 1: Jessie '''<br />
* [[Salinas Valley Seawater Intrusion]] - fixed links '''Phase 1: Jessie'''<br />
* [[Pajaro Valley Groundwater Overdraft Concerns]] '''Phase 1: Jessie '''<br />
* [[Monterey County Water Resources Agency (MCWRA)]] - added picture '''Phase 1: Jessie'''<br />
* [[Monterey Peninsula Water Supply Project (MPWSP)]] '''Phase 1: Zane'''<br />
* [[Slant wells|slant intake wells]] '''Phase 1: Zane'''<br />
<br />
==Main new contribs in 2018==<br />
<br />
* [[California Coastal Conservancy]] '''Phase 2: Jessie'''. '''Phase 3: Rahil'''<br />
*[[The Nature Conservancy]] '''Phase 2: Jessie'''. '''Phase 3: Rahil'''<br />
* [[Trout Unlimited]] '''Phase 2: Jessie '''. '''Phase 3: Michael'''<br />
* [[Carmel River Steelhead Association (CRSA)]] '''Phase 2: Jessie'''. '''Phase 3: Michael'''<br />
* [[Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other Non-Profit Organizations in California's Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 2: Bethany. Phase 3: Emily'''<br />
* [[Monterey One Water]] '''Phase 2: Zane'''. '''Phase 3: Jessie'''<br />
* [[Arundo donax in California's Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 2: Arev'''. '''Phase 3: Zane'''<br />
* [[Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Regulation in California's Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 2: Amanda P'''. '''Phase 3: Rahil'''<br />
* [[California Department of Parks and Recreation]] '''Phase 2: Emily W'''. '''Phase 3: Amanda P'''<br />
* [[Pajaro River]]'''Phase 2: Emily W'''. '''Phase 3: Amanda P'''<br />
* [[Monterey County]];Added image to [[Monterey County Resource Management Agency (RMA)]] ''' Phase 2: Rahil''', '''Phase 3: Bethany'''<br />
* [[Monterey Peninsula Regional Park District]] '''Phase 2: Cory'''. '''Phase 3: Kat H'''<br />
* [[Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board (CCRWQCB)]] '''Phase 2: Michael'''. '''Phase 3: Arev'''<br />
*Adding to [[List of Environmental Consultants working in the California Central Coast Region]] and spinoff page [[Environmental Consultants in Central California by Project Area]] '''Phase 2: Kat H,''' '''Phase 3: Cory'''<br />
<br />
==Minor new contribs 2018 (not mandatory, but list 'em here if you make 'em):==<br />
<br />
*created the [[Water providers in California's Central Coast Region]], [[Andrew Molera State Park]], [[Pacific Grove Local Water Project (PGLWP)]], [[Smolt]], [[Striped Bass]], [[City of Paso Robles]], [[Santa Ana winds]], [[HEC-HMS]],,, [[California Natural Resource Agency]], [[California Coastal Trail]] page '''Phase 1: Jessie'''<br />
*redirect Los Padres to [[Los Padres Dam]], TU to [[Trout Unlimited]], CRSA to [[Carmel River Steelhead Association (CRSA)]]'''Phase 1: Jessie'''<br />
* updates to wildfires on [[Summaries of Environmental Topics on the Central Coast of California]] '''Phase 1: Jessie'''<br />
* updated links to [[Watershed Issues on the Central Coast of California]] and [[Summaries of Environmental Topics on the Central Coast of California]] '''Phase 1: Rahil'''<br />
*[[Lobos-Corona Parklands Project]] '''Cory'''<br />
*Fix broken links and updates to [[List of Environmental Consultants working in the California Central Coast Region]] '''Cory'''<br />
* [[The 303d list of Impaired Waterbodies in the Central Coast Region (R3)]] '''Phase 1: Arev''' [[Resource Conservation District, Monterey County (RCDMC)]] '''Phase 2: Arev'''; [[State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB)]] '''Phase 3: Arev'''<br />
*Redirect ''[[Arundo donax]]'' to [[Arundo donax in California's Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 2: Bethany'''<br />
*Redirect [[Wildfire]] to [[Wildfires in the Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 2: Bethany'''<br />
*Redirect [[Sand Mining]] to [[Sand Mining in California's Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 2: Bethany'''<br />
*Added towns and cities to [[California's Central Coast Region]] '''Emily'''<br />
*Redirect [[Big Sur]] to [[Big Sur Region]] '''Phase 3: Bethany'''<br />
<br />
==Pages people are updating in 2017:==<br />
<br />
* [[California Endangered Species Act (CESA)]] '''Phase 1: Nikki'''<br />
* [[Riparian corridors in the California Central Coast Region]] and [[Wildlife Corridor]] '''Phase 1: Magnolia'''<br />
* [[San Clemente Dam]] '''Phase 1: Lizzy'''<br />
* [[Sudden Oak Death (SOD)]] '''Phase 1: Cynthia'''<br />
*[[Conversion of Carr Lake to a Multi-Use Park]] '''Phase 1: Shawnte'''<br />
* [[List of Environmental Consultants working in the California Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 1: Tiffanee'''<br />
* Update maps in [[Maps of the Carmel River Watershed]] '''Phase 1: Nikki'''<br />
* [[Monterey Peninsula Water Supply Project (MPWSP)]]:include new EIR '''Phase 1: Anna'''<br />
*[[Steelhead Management in the Monterey Bay Region]] '''Phase 1: Matt'''<br />
<br />
==Main new contribs 2017:==<br />
<br />
* New page on proposed [[Fort Ord Rec Trail and Greenway (FORTAG)]] '''Phase 2: Nikki''' '''Phase 3: Cynthia'''<br />
<br />
* Fill in page on [[Clean Water Act]] '''Phase 2: Shawnte''' '''Phase 3: Magnolia'''<br />
<br />
* New page on [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)]] and [[Central Region Department of Fish and Wildlife]] '''Phase 2: Matt and Tiffanee''', '''Phase 3: Shawnte - California DFW page, Nikki - Central Region DFW page'''<br />
<br />
* Fill in page on [[Solar Farms in the California Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 2: Cynthia''', '''Phase 3: Anna'''<br />
<br />
* New page on [[Soberanes Fire]] '''Phase 2: Magnolia''', '''Phase 3: Lizzy'''<br />
<br />
* New page on [[History of Major Wildfires in the Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 2: Lizzy''', '''Phase 3: Matt''', '''Phase 3: Lizzy, after Matt's edits'''<br />
<br />
* New page on [[Los Osos Groundwater Basin and Sewer]] '''Phase 2: Anna''' '''Phase 3: Tiffanee'''<br />
<br />
<br />
*'''Phase 3: Nikki''' reads new pages for grammar and style<br />
<br />
==Minor new contribs 2017 (not mandatory, but list 'em here if you make 'em):==<br />
<br />
* Basic details added to [[Santa Lucia Range]], [[Santa Cruz Mountains]], [[Gabilan Range]]/[[Gabilan Mountains]] '''Phase 1: Magnolia'''<br />
* Minor contribution to [[TMDL for Fecal Coliform for the Lower Salinas River Watershed, Monterey County, California]] '''Phase 2: Shawnte'''<br />
* New page started for [[Technical Tools used in Environmental Science and Management within California's Central Coast Region]] to connect [[Tarsier]] pages. '''Phase 3: Magnolia'''<br />
* Tiny page created for [[Ramorum Blight]] '''Phase 2: Cynthia'''<br />
* Link added to [[Oak Woodlands of California's Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 1: Cynthia'''<br />
* minor update to[[Slant wells]]'''Phase 1: Anna'''<br />
* connected several links on [[Fire issues in California's Central Coast Region|fire]] pages, [[Clean Water Act|CWA]] pages, cleaned up various [[Regulatory Agencies in the Central Coast Region|agency]] pages. '''Phase 3: Magnolia'''<br />
* addition of American water to [[California American Water Company (CalAm)]]'''Phase 1: Anna<br />
*Added county names to [[California's Central Coast Region]] page '''Phase 2: Lizzy'''<br />
*Added blank pages for [[California Chaparral]], [[Santa Ana winds]], [[Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)]] '''Phase 2: Lizzy'''<br />
* Start new page on [[Public land jurisdictions in the Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 2: Nikki'''<br />
* Add page on [[California Native Plant Society (CNPS)]] '''Phase 2: Magnolia''' '''Phase 2: Cynthia'''<br />
* Add page on [[California Native Plant Society (CNPS) Rare Plant Ranking System]] '''Phase 2: Cynthia'''<br />
* Add page on [[Photovoltaic technology in California's Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 2: Cynthia'''<br />
* added simple pages for [[Zaca Wildfire in California's Central Coast Region]], [[Kirk Complex Wildfire in California's Central Coast Region]], [[Rat Creek - Gorda Complex Wildfire in California's Central Coast Region]], [[Marble Cone Wildfire in California's Central Coast Region]], and made [[Basin-Indians Wildfire in California's Central Coast Region]] and [[Soberanes Wildfire in California's Central Coast Region]] specific to each wildfire (moved general wildfire info to [[Fire issues in California's Central Coast Region]]) '''Phase 3: Matt'''<br />
*Created a page for the [[California Environmental Quality Act]] and linked it to the [[CEQA Overview]] '''Phase 3: Shawnte'''<br />
*Added links to fire names to [[Wildfires in the Central Coast Region]] page '''Phase 3: Lizzy'''<br />
*Updated and reformatted references and links to [[Fort Ord Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP)]] '''Phase 3: Shawnte'''<br />
*Added pages for [[Fort Ord National Monument]], [[Fort Ord Recreational Habitat Area (FORHA)]], [[Carmel Area State Parks Plan]], [[California Coastal Trail (CCT)]], [[Monterey Bay Sanctuary Scenic Trail Network]], [[Recreational Planning Initiatives in the California Central Coast]], and [[Environmental Planning Initiatives in California's Central Coast]] '''Phase 3: Cynthia'''<br />
* Added info about 5-year strategic plan to [[MPRPD]] '''Phase 3: Cynthia'''<br />
* Rearranged table on [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife - Central Region]] '''Phase 3: Shawnte'''<br />
*Created page for [[City of Carmel-by-the-Sea]] and [[Big Sur Region]] '''Phase 3: Lizzy'''<br />
*Rearranged the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems - Working]] page, specifically the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems - Working#Ideas for the future|Ideas for the future]] section. Sections were reorganized and restructured so that pages that should be worked on sooner rather than later are at the top (i.e. [[BLM]] page, etc.) Added a section on the [http://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Special:ShortPages Short], [http://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Special:DeadendPages Dead-end], and [http://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Special:FewestRevisions Pages with the fewest revisions] special pages as it looks like a lot of sparse pages are listed here. '''Phase 3: Cynthia'''<br />
*Added new information to [[Conservation Easement]] '''Phase 3: Shawnte'''<br />
<br />
==Pages people updated in 2016:==<br />
<br />
* Update [[Monterey Peninsula Groundwater Replenishment Project]] '''Phase 1: Alana'''<br />
* Update to [[List of Environmental Consultants working in the California Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 1: Leah''' <br />
* Update links and references for [[Desalination in the Central Coast Region]], edit [[CalAm Use of Carmel River Groundwater Basin]] '''Phase 1: Julia'''<br />
* Update [[Monterey Peninsula Water Supply Project (MPWSP)]] and added a small description on [[slant wells]]: '''Phase 1:Steve'''<br />
* Update [[San Clemente Dam]] '''Phase 1: Kaitlyn'''<br />
* Update [[California Central Coast Gage Locations]] '''Phase 1: Kristen'''<br />
* Update [[Monterey Bay Region]] and various cities in the region including but not limited to: [[Salinas]],[[Marina]],[[Salinas]],[[Watsonville]],[[City of King]] '''Phase 1: Kristen'''<br />
* Update [[Monterey Bay Area TMDL Listings - Priorities, Progress, and Documents]] '''Phase 1: Luna'''<br />
* Update [[Salinas Valley Seawater Intrusion]] '''Phase 1: Gabriel'''<br />
<br />
==Main new contribs 2016:==<br />
<br />
* New pages on these organizations, and their activities in the region: [[Big Sur Land Trust]] '''Phase 2: Leah''', '''Phase 3: Julia'''<br />
* New pages on [[Sand Mining in the Central California Region]] and [[Local Coastal Programs in California's Central Coast Region]], created outline for [[Coastal Retreat in California's Central Coast Region]]'''Phase 2: Kristen''', '''Phase 3: Luna'''<br />
* New page with a map of the service areas of all the water providers in the southern Monterey Bay Region, with links to internal pages on each of the providers. [[Municipal Water Service Boundaries in Monterey]] '''Phase 2: Kaitlyn''', '''Phase 3: Gabe''' <br />
* New page on the [[Carmel River Floodplain Restoration and Environmental Enhancement (Carmel River FREE) Project]] led by BSLT '''Phase 2: Julia''', '''Phase 3: Leah'''<br />
* New pages on these organizations, and their activities in the region: [[Santa Lucia Conservancy]] '''Phase 2: Alana''', '''Phase 3: Steve''' also worked with Alana on [[Land Trusts and Conservancies in California's Central Coast Region]], [[Endangered Species Act (ESA)]] <br />
* [[Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs)]] General Page: '''Phase 2: Steve''', '''Phase 3: Alana''' (plus major contribs to [[ESA]] page)<br />
* [[Special Status Species]] page filling in details. '''Phase 2: Gabriel''', '''Phase 3: Kristen''': [[Critical Habitat]]<br />
* New pages on [[Lower Salinas River Watershed Nutrient TMDL - Implementation and Monitoring Progress]] '''Phase 2: Luna''', '''Phase 3: Kaitlyn'''<br />
<br />
== Minor new contribs 2016 (some possibly not listed) ==<br />
<br />
* Minor contribution to [[MCWD]] and [[California American Water Company (CalAm)]] pages '''Phase 2: Kaitlyn'''<br />
* Minor contributions to [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] page, specifically Stakeholders section '''Phase 2: Kristen'''<br />
* New page [[Local Coastal Programs in California's Central Coast Region]] and edited [[California Coastal Commission]] '''Phase 2: Kristen'''<br />
* Created [[Monterey Peninsula Regional Park District]], [[Tembladero Slough]] [[HEC-RAS]], [[United States Army Corp of Engineers]], [[California Red-legged frog]], [[Carmel River Steelhead Association]], [[Carmel River Lagoon Coalition]], [[100-year floodplain]], [[California Wildlife Conservation Board]] pages, added links to [[Conversion of Carr Lake to a Multi-Use Park]] '''Phase 2: Leah'''<br />
*Updates to [[Central Coast Region Agricultural Waiver]], [[TMDL for Nutrients in Lower Salinas River Watershed, Monterey County, California]], new page for [[Maps of Salinas Watershed]], Added links to and from all TMDL related pages, as well as links to and from all pages relating to coastal retreat and sand mining (too many pages to list here) '''Phase 2: Luna'''<br />
* Created [[Santa Lucia Preserve]], [[Land Trusts and Conservancies in California's Central Coast Region]], & [[Carmel Valley Alluvial Aquifer]] pages '''Phase II: Alana'''<br />
* Wrote [[Endangered Species Act (ESA)]] page '''Phase III: Alana & Steve'''<br />
* Minor pages: [[Conservation Easement]], [[Gabilan Mountains]], [[California Tiger Salamander]], [[Repetitive Loss Properties ]] '''Phase 3: Julia'''<br />
<br />
==Main new contribs 2015:==<br />
<br />
* Need a page on the failed [[Regional Water Project]] '''Phase 2: Amelia'''<br />
* Need a page on the current [[Monterey Peninsula Water Project]] '''Phase 2: Dan'''<br />
* Need a proper page for [[Marina Coast Water District (MCWD)]], covering the basic function of the agency, and also its relationship to LAFCO issues, and the failed and current water supply projects '''Phase 2: Alex'''<br />
* Could add an issue page about how the [[MCWD]] boundary does not match the area it serves. This is a [[LAFCO]] issue. [http://www.mcwd.org MCWD Home Page]<br />
* Need a set of pages on [[Special Districts]]: (1) the overall concept, (2) the main ones in the [[Central Coast Region]] '''Phase 2:Pat'''<br />
* Add a set of pages on [[Public Finance in California's Central Coast Region]]: '''Phase 2: Sarah'''<br />
* Add a page giving an overview of [[Recycled Water in the Central Coast Region]]<br />
* ...<br />
<br />
==Minor new contribs 2015:==<br />
<br />
* Could add a general page on [[Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs)]], listing as an example the [[Fort Ord Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP)]] <br />
* Need a kind of disambiguation page listing all the major water "projects" like RWP, MPWP, SRDP, ...<br />
* Create a page for [[Salinas Valley Water Project (SVWP)]] with link to separate page on [[Salinas River Diversion Facility (SRDF)]] '''Phase 2:Pat'''<br />
* Basic page for the [[Castroville Seawater Intrusion Project (CSIP)]]<br />
* Basic page for some common technical tools and how/when/where they have been used in the [[Central Coast Region]], e.g.:<br />
** [[HEC-HMS]]<br />
** [[HEC-RAS]]<br />
* A basic list of [[Solar Farms in the Central Coast Region]] - existing and proposed<br />
..<br />
<br />
==Updates worked on in 2015:==<br />
<br />
* Could update status of [[Fort Ord HCP]] '''Phase 1: Dan'''<br />
* Add projects to big list of CEQA projects e.g.:<br />
** [[Monterey Peninsula Groundwater Replenishment Project]]<br />
** Veteran's Cemetery IS/MND<br />
* Add firms to [[List of Environmental Consultants in the Central Coast Area]] e.g.: '''Phase 1: Amelia'''<br />
** [http://www.ecorpconsulting.com/ ECORP]<br />
* Update the [[Desalination in the Central Coast Region|desal page]] in general; and also make sure it has links to the pages on [[Regional Water Project]] and [[Monterey Peninsula Water Project]]'''Phase 1: Sarah'''<br />
* Update these pages:<br />
** [[Monterey Peninsula Groundwater Replenishment Project]]<br />
** [[Salinas River Diversion Facility]] '''Phase 1: Pat'''<br />
** [[Salinas River Channel Maintenance Program]] '''Phase 1: Pat'''<br />
** Any pages with the facts behind [http://www.montereyherald.com/environment-and-nature/20150319/judge-monterey-county-water-agency-on-hook-for-ag-runoff this article] on [[MCWRA]]'s responsibility regarding water quality '''Phase 1: Alex'''<br />
* ...<br />
<br />
== Links to pages students want Fred to look at soon ==<br />
<br />
* [[Public Finance in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
* [[Special Status Species Within Fort Ord]]<br />
* [[Marina Coast Water District (MCWD)]]<br />
*[[List of Special Districts in the Monterey Bay Region]]<br />
<br />
== Links to what you mostly worked on (2015) and a very brief summary of what you did ==<br />
<br />
* SF<br />
** Phase 1: Edited/expanded [[Desalination in the Central Coast Region]]<br />
** Phase 2: Wrote [[Public Finance in California's Central Coast Region]] page<br />
** Phase 3:<br />
*** edited/expanded [[MCWD]]<br />
*** Added to [[List of Environmental Consultants working in the California Central Coast Region]]:<br />
**** Alta Planning & Design<br />
**** Dover-Kohl Partners<br />
**** Other planning firms like the above two?<br />
* PM<br />
** Phase 1: Edited/expanded [[Salinas River Stream Maintenance Program (SMP)]], created [[Salinas River Channel Maintenance Program]] redirect page, edited/expanded [[Salinas River Diversion Facility (SRDF)]]<br />
** Phase 2: Wrote [[Special Districts]] page, Wrote [[List of Special Districts in the Monterey Bay Region]]<br />
** Phase 3:<br />
*** Edited [[Regional Water Project]], edited [[Regional Urban Water Augmentation Project (RUWAP)]]<br />
*** Updated this list of [[CEQA projects on the Central Coast]] with links to recent project pages that already exist on the wiki (like [[MPWSP]] etc.))<br />
*** Added links to specific project summary pages on CEQAnet from the individual CEQA project pages on the wiki, using the example I created on the [[MPWSP]] page where it says "SCH#" (look inside the link to see how it uses a "ProjectKey" that you can get fro the URL that CEQAnet gives you when you do a search), added links in text to CEQAnet project pages where EIR or CEQA documents were mentioned<br />
*** In the "Links" sections at the bottoms of each of the main CEQA "Project" pages, added a link to the list of [[CEQA projects on the Central Coast]] (if one was not already there)<br />
* AO<br />
** Phase 1: Edited/fixed dead links/added projects and environmental consulting firms to [[List of Environmental Consultants in the Central Coast Area]] <br />
** Phase 2: Wrote [[Regional Water Project]] page and a brief description of [[Regional Urban Water Augmentation Project (RUWAP)]]<br />
** Phase 3:<br />
*** Edited [[Public Finance in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
*** Edited and added to [[Salinas River Diversion Facility (SRDF)]] as emailed<br />
* DM<br />
** Phase 1: Fixed the dead links, edited [[Fort Ord HCP]], created page for [[Incidental Take Permits]] and [[Special Status Species Within Fort Ord]]<br />
**Phase 2: Wrote [[Monterey Peninsula Water Supply Project]] page<br />
** Phase 3:<br />
*** Edited [[Special Districts]], [[List of Special Districts in the Monterey Bay Region]]<br />
*** Added disclaimer on [[Special Status Species Within Fort Ord]] saying list is incomplete (had trouble finding the names of additional species but will keep looking):<br />
**** Needs to list more than just 'Listed' (T&E) species, and also include at least some non-T&E species e.g. 'Watch-Listed' species - if not all of them, then some of them and an indication of "Other species not yet listed here".<br />
**** Needs to link to the SPAnimals.pdf list from March 2015 (on CDFW web site)<br />
**** Needs to link to any references that say things like "There are 35 Special Status Species on former Fort Ord"<br />
**** Needs to link to relevant pages containing words like "Species" or "Fort Ord" in their title.<br />
* AH<br />
** Phase 1: Edited/rewrote/fixed dead links in [[Monterey_Coastkeeper|Monterey Coastkeeper]] page. Added info to the [[California_Coastkeeper_Alliance|California Coastkeeper Alliance]] page.<br />
** Phase 2: Wrote/working on [[Marina_Coast_Water_District|Marina Coast Water District]] (MCWD) page.<br />
** Phase 3:<br />
*** [[Monterey Peninsula Water Supply Project]] - ''made grammatical corrections, changed reference links at bottom of page to a name that indicates what to expect when clicked, added a map showing the MPWSP project area, added some hot links within text''<br />
*** [[Incidental Take Permits (ITPs)]] - add 'Links' section, and link to any pages in the wiki that relate to ITPs (do a search) e.g. the Fort Ord HCP. Maybe update the references so that the text that appears is an indication of what to expect if you clicked the link (as opposed to a garbled URL). ''Changed reference links at the bottom to the name of the page, added links section at bottom of page and put links in, minor edits in text.''<br />
*** Flesh these two pages out a tiny bit (mainly by adding a summary sentence or two; and maybe a map of the MRWPCA site showing both plants): [[Salinas Valley Reclamation Plant (SVRP)]] and [[Regional Treatment Plant (RTP)]]. ''Added brief text summarizing SVRP, added brief text summarizing RTP, added map to RTP page. ''<br />
<br />
==Main new contribs 2014:==<br />
<br />
* [[GW Replenishment project]]<br />
* [[Common Permits Required for Restoration in the Central Coast]]<br />
* [[Regulatory Agencies in the Central Coast]]<br />
* [[Desalination in the Central Coast| Desal]]<br />
* [[Salinas River Channel Maintenance Program]]<br />
* [[Special Status Species of the Central Coast]]<br />
** What are prominent SS species in our region<br />
***[[Special Status Animals on the Central Coast]]<br />
***[[Special Status Plants on the Central Coast]]<br />
* [[California Natural Diversity Database|CNDDB]]<br />
* [[Fort Ord HCP]]<br />
* [[Water supply for underserved, marginalized communities of the Salinas Valley]]<br />
<br />
==Minor new contribs 2014:==<br />
<br />
* Aquifer<br />
** [[Aquifers of California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
** [[Seaside Groundwater Basin]]<br />
* [[Watershed]]<br />
** [[San Lorenzo River]]<br />
* [[California American Water Company (CalAm)]]<br />
* [[City of Salinas Treatment Plant]]<br />
* [[Monterey Peninsula Water Management District (MPWMD)]]<br />
* [[Monterey Regional Water Pollution Control Agency]]<br />
* [[City of Marina]]<br />
* [[City of King]]<br />
* [[The Molera Wetland]]<br />
* [[Endangered species]]<br />
* [[Natural Community Conservation Planning Act]]<br />
* [[Salinas River Diversion Facility]]<br />
* [[California Endangered Species Act]]<br />
* [[Templates]]<br />
**[[Species Template]]<br />
**[[Stub Pages]]<br />
* [[Monterey-Pacific Grove ASBS Stormwater Management Project]]<br />
* [[Seaside Basin Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR)]]<br />
* [[Blanco Drain]]<br />
* [[MRWPCA Regional Treatment Plant]]<br />
<br />
==Updates worked on in 2014:==<br />
<br />
* [[TMDLs in the Monterey Bay Region of California]]<br />
* [[Approaches to TMDL Development and Implementation in the Monterey Bay Area]]<br />
* [[Los Padres Reservoir Capacity Issues]]<br />
* [[Sudden Oak Death (SOD)]]<br />
* [[Urban storm water management in the City of Santa Cruz]]<br />
** [[San Lorenzo River Flood Control and Restoration Improvement Project]]<br />
* [[Steelhead Management in the Monterey Bay Region]]<br />
* [[Steelhead Management in the Salinas Watershed]]<br />
* [[Steelhead]]<br />
* [[Riparian habitats as wildlife corridors in the California Central Coast Region]]<br />
*[[Carmel River Watershed]]<br />
*[[Lower Salinas River Watershed]]<br />
*[[Gabilan Range]]<br />
*[[Basin-Indians Fire Erosion and Debris Flows]]<br />
<br />
==Leftover ideas after 2014:==<br />
<br />
* Association of Environmental Professionals (AEP)<br />
** Who they are<br />
** What they do<br />
** Who are members<br />
** Student chapter<br />
** Recent events<br />
* PG Diversion project & DEIR<br />
* Hollister Hills - site summary<br />
* Page on all the water providers in the Monterey Bay Region - the biggies (like Cal Am), and all the teeny weird ones you never heard of (like Seaside Muni). Needs a good set of maps.<br />
*Other:<br />
** Water Supply for the Cal Am service area (focus on current impediments to the proposed portfolio approach)<br />
** Water metering as a means of understanding agricultural water use. <br />
** Understanding "water policy cycles"---Water supply and Policies that are viable in drought years, but untenable in years of plenty (new big dams in CA, etc).<br />
** Impacts of the new Salinas River channel maintenance program. <br />
** Movement toward public takeover of Cal Am water supply system. <br />
** Is there a physical inventory of extant groundwater resources to fuel existing (or proposed) Fort Ord reuse plans. This could be a close scrutiny of the Monterey Downs EIR.<br />
** How does the planned desal impact Fort Ord reuse?<br />
** Potential water use projects that would secure the now tenuous MCWRA rights to about 168,000 af/yr of Salinas Valley water.<br />
** When new subdivisions are permitted, they must demonstrate a sustainable water supply. Apparently, that approach is flawed, since many areas are in overdraft. What are the minimum criteria for demonstrating "sustainable" water supply and why does it fail in many cases?<br />
<br />
==Leftover ideas after 2013:==<br />
* CEQA<br />
** CEQA approaches to each of the main CEQA areas:<br />
*** Visual / aesthetic<br />
*** Transport<br />
*** Wetlands<br />
*** etc.<br />
** Firms that do CEQA, tabulated by project, role, specialty, client etc.<br />
* Land use planning in Central Coast<br />
** County General Plan<br />
** County Long-Range Development Plan<br />
** Marina General Plan<br />
** Seaside General Plan<br />
** AMBAG Metropolitan Transportation Plan<br />
** TAMC Regional Transportation Plan<br />
** <br />
** Former CA-led County Redevelopment Agencies and new 'Successor' agencies.<br />
** [[Fort Ord]]<br />
*** BRAC / Fort Ord Cleanup<br />
*** History of consistency determinations made with respect to Fort Ord Reuse Plan<br />
* Viewshed policy (county critical viewshed, approaches taken in CEQA projects)<br />
* Water rights - How do water rights work?<br />
** e.g. for projects in CEQA right now (Ferrini, Downs)<br />
* Drainage studies<br />
** e.g. Canyon del Rey and current contract to Balance & Whitson<br />
* Ag Waiver & TMDLs:<br />
** Can always use more updating with new developments<br />
* Stakeholder pages:<br />
** Marina Coast Water District, e.g. its role in Fort Ord re-use<br />
** MPWMD, e.g. its role in Canyon del Rey drainage study update<br />
** TAMC<br />
** AMBAG<br />
*Specific Watersheds<br />
* Wildlife:<br />
** Wildlife habitat corridor planning - State-level efforts, Regional effort led by CalTrans, Local survey led by BSLT, ...<br />
<br />
==Disclaimer==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student's work completed as part of assigned coursework. It may not be accurate. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of [http://csumb.edu CSUMB], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Blue_Ridge_National_Heritage_AreaBlue Ridge National Heritage Area2021-03-18T23:55:00Z<p>Fred: </p>
<hr />
<div>An [[Summaries of Environmental Topics in California's Central Coast Region|environmental summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
Stub page. Not written yet.<br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
* [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]<br />
* [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)]]<br />
* [http://delta.ca.gov/nha/ External link to Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta National Heritage Area]<br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessary reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Muscle_Shoals_National_Heritage_AreaMuscle Shoals National Heritage Area2021-03-18T23:54:43Z<p>Fred: </p>
<hr />
<div>A [[Summaries of Environmental Topics in California's Central Coast Region|environmental summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
Stub page. Not written yet.<br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
* [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]<br />
* [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)]]<br />
* [http://delta.ca.gov/nha/ External link to Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta National Heritage Area]<br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessary reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Appalachian_Forest_National_Heritage_AreaAppalachian Forest National Heritage Area2021-03-18T23:54:28Z<p>Fred: </p>
<hr />
<div>An [[Summaries of Environmental Topics in California's Central Coast Region|environmental summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
Stub page. Not written yet.<br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
* [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]<br />
* [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)]]<br />
* [http://delta.ca.gov/nha/ External link to Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta National Heritage Area]<br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessary reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Sacramento-San_Joaquin_Delta_National_Heritage_AreaSacramento-San Joaquin Delta National Heritage Area2021-03-18T23:53:54Z<p>Fred: </p>
<hr />
<div>An [[Summaries of Environmental Topics in California's Central Coast Region|environmental summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
Stub page. Not written yet.<br />
<br />
==Partnerships==<br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
* [[Comparative table of selected National Heritage Areas]]<br />
* [[National Heritage Areas (NHA)]]<br />
* [http://delta.ca.gov/nha/ External link to Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta National Heritage Area]<br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessary reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/SFBNWRCSFBNWRC2021-03-18T23:33:43Z<p>Fred: Redirected page to San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge Complex (SFBNWRC)</p>
<hr />
<div>#redirect [[San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge Complex (SFBNWRC)]]</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/HMNWRCHMNWRC2021-03-18T23:33:11Z<p>Fred: Redirected page to Hopper Mountain National Wildlife Refuge Complex (HMNWRC)</p>
<hr />
<div>#Redirect [[Hopper Mountain National Wildlife Refuge Complex (HMNWRC)]]</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/US_Bureau_of_Land_Management_Central_Coast_Field_OfficeUS Bureau of Land Management Central Coast Field Office2021-03-18T23:29:45Z<p>Fred: /* Lands */</p>
<hr />
<div>=Overview=<br />
The US Bureau of Land Management Central Coast Field Office (BLM CCFO) is a field office within the ranks of the [[United States Department of the Interior |US Department of the Interior]] and [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) | Bureau Land Management (BLM)]] that oversees approximately 284,000 acres of public land within California's [[California's Central Coast Region | Central Coast]] and [[California's Central Valley Region | Central Valley]] regions. This jurisdiction extends eastward from the Pacific Ocean across the Salinas Valley to the south and the San Joaquin Valley to the north. The BLM CCFO headquarters is located in Marina, California on the former [[Fort Ord]].<br />
<br />
== Lands ==<br />
<br />
Lands managed by CCFO are listed on the [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM)|BLM]] page.<br />
<br />
=Related Links=<br />
*[[United States Department of the Interior (DOI)]]<br />
*[[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM)]]<br />
<br />
=References=<br />
<br />
<br />
=Disclaimer=<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned coursework. It may not be accurate. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of [http://csumb.edu CSUMB], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/US_Bureau_of_Land_Management_Central_Coast_Field_OfficeUS Bureau of Land Management Central Coast Field Office2021-03-18T23:28:35Z<p>Fred: </p>
<hr />
<div>=Overview=<br />
The US Bureau of Land Management Central Coast Field Office (BLM CCFO) is a field office within the ranks of the [[United States Department of the Interior |US Department of the Interior]] and [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) | Bureau Land Management (BLM)]] that oversees approximately 284,000 acres of public land within California's [[California's Central Coast Region | Central Coast]] and [[California's Central Valley Region | Central Valley]] regions. This jurisdiction extends eastward from the Pacific Ocean across the Salinas Valley to the south and the San Joaquin Valley to the north. The BLM CCFO headquarters is located in Marina, California on the former [[Fort Ord]].<br />
<br />
== Lands ==<br />
<br />
Some of the lands managed by CCFO include:<br />
<br />
* [[California Coastal National Monument (CCNM)]]<br />
* [[Fort Ord National Monument (FONM)]]<br />
* [[Clear Creek Management Area (CCMA)]]<br />
* [[Carrizo Plain National Monument]]<br />
* [[Joaquin Rocks]]<br />
* [[Panoche Hills]] <br />
* [[Tumey Hills]]<br />
* [[Griswold Hills]]<br />
* [[Coalinga Mineral Springs]]<br />
* [[Laguna Mountain Area | Laguna Mtn Area]]<br />
* [[Machesna Mountain Wilderness | Machesna Mtn Wilderness]]<br />
* [[Sierra de Salinas]]<br />
* [[Stockdale Mountain Area]]<br />
* [[Parcels in or near Ventana Wilderness]]<br />
<br />
=Related Links=<br />
*[[United States Department of the Interior (DOI)]]<br />
*[[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM)]]<br />
<br />
=References=<br />
<br />
<br />
=Disclaimer=<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned coursework. It may not be accurate. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of [http://csumb.edu CSUMB], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/US_Bureau_of_Land_Management_Central_Coast_Field_OfficeUS Bureau of Land Management Central Coast Field Office2021-03-18T23:28:22Z<p>Fred: </p>
<hr />
<div>=Overview=<br />
The US Bureau of Land Management Central Coast Field Office (BLM CCFO) is a field office within the ranks of the [[United States Department of the Interior |US Department of the Interior]] and [[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) | Bureau Land Management (BLM)]] that oversees approximately 284,000 acres of public land within California's [[California's Central Coast Region | Central Coast]] and [[California's Central Valley Region | Central Valley]] regions. This jurisdiction extends eastward from the Pacific Ocean across the Salinas Valley to the south and the San Joaquin Valley to the north. The BLM CCFO headquarters is located in Marina, California on the former [[Fort Ord]].<br />
<br />
== Lands ==<br />
<br />
Some of the lands managed by CCFO include:<br />
<br />
* [[California Coastal National Monument (CCNM)]]<br />
* [[Fort Ord National Monument (FONM)]]<br />
* [[Clear Creek Management Area (CCMA)]]<br />
* [Carrizo Plain National Monument]]<br />
* [[Joaquin Rocks]]<br />
* [[Panoche Hills]] <br />
* [[Tumey Hills]]<br />
* [[Griswold Hills]]<br />
* [[Coalinga Mineral Springs]]<br />
* [[Laguna Mountain Area | Laguna Mtn Area]]<br />
* [[Machesna Mountain Wilderness | Machesna Mtn Wilderness]]<br />
* [[Sierra de Salinas]]<br />
* [[Stockdale Mountain Area]]<br />
* [[Parcels in or near Ventana Wilderness]]<br />
<br />
=Related Links=<br />
*[[United States Department of the Interior (DOI)]]<br />
*[[United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM)]]<br />
<br />
=References=<br />
<br />
<br />
=Disclaimer=<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned coursework. It may not be accurate. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of [http://csumb.edu CSUMB], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Juan_Bautista_de_Anza_National_Historic_TrailJuan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail2021-03-18T22:59:39Z<p>Fred: /* Trail Condition */</p>
<hr />
<div>An [[Summaries of Environmental Topics in California's Central Coast Region|environmental summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
== Background ==<br />
<br />
The Anza National Historic Trail was designated by Congress in 1990 to promote the eighteenth century expeditions of Spanish Lieutenant Juan Bautista de Anza. These expeditions aimed to establish an overland trade and colonization route across Alta California. The original expedition traverses about 1,800 miles from Sonora, Mexico across Alta California to the Bay Area and established what became San Francisco <ref>Reference text http://www.anzatrailfoundation.com/accomplishments-focus </ref>.<br />
<br />
== Management ==<br />
<br />
This trail is managed through collaboration and partnering with organizations such as the National Park Service, non-profit groups, and other land management agencies. The National Park Service (NPS) is working toward creating a continuous, 1,200-mile non-motorized recreation trail that will roughly follow the historic route of the Anza Expedition of 1775-76 <ref>Reference text https://www.nps.gov/juba/learn/historyculture/recreation-trails.htm </ref>. In addition to the [[National Park Service]], the [[Anza Trail Foundation]] is a private, non-profit organization that raises visibility and promotes knowledge of Juan Bautista de Anza and the Anza National Historic Trail. This non-profit does not own or manage any land or resources associated with the trail. They work in partnership with federal, state, county, city, and other public agencies, as well as non-profit organizations, private landowners, volunteers, and others who maintain, build, certify, protect, and interpret the Anza Trail.<br />
<br />
== Trail Condition ==<br />
<br />
Certified and uncertified sections of recreational trail as well as trail resources such as educational signage are established within or near the Historic Trail Corridor of the Anza expedition. Approximately 300 miles of recreation trail have been certified so far and do not currently connect into one continuous trail <ref>Reference text https://www.nps.gov/juba/learn/historyculture/recreation-trails.htm </ref>. These certified trail segments are independently operated by various land-use agencies. Therefore, their hours, fees, and use rules vary. Sections of the trail are present in Mexico, Arizona, and California and the northern boundary of the trail is in San Francisco Bay.<br />
<br />
== Central Coast Context ==<br />
<br />
In the Monterey Bay area there are multiple sections of uncertified trail through the [[Fort Ord National Monument (FONM)]] and Monterey. There are sections along State Highway 68, Munras Avenue, Aguajito to Camino Aguajito roads, Highway 218 through Del Rey Oaks, and the eastern portion of Fort Ord National Monument near State Highway 68.<br />
<br />
In the Salinas area, there are two portions of trail along Natividad Creek and Constitution boulevard towards Gabilan Creek.<br />
<br />
== Fort Ord National Monument Context ==<br />
<br />
There is about 4.64 miles of the Anza trail in the Fort Ord National Monument. In 2012, President Obama signed a proclamation under the [[Antiquities Act]] that recognized the significance of the Anza trail in addition to other cultural, historical, and natural resources when creating the monument. Obama states "Although much of the historic route currently passes through urban areas, the undeveloped expanse of the Fort Ord area is likely quite similar to the open landscape experienced by Anza and by the Costanoan (now commonly referred to as Ohlone) peoples who lived in what is now the Central Coast region of California" <ref>Reference text https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2012/04/20/presidential-proclamation-establishment-fort-ord-national-monument </ref>.<br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.anzahistorictrail.org/visit/plan?x=-121.6928&y=36.6029&z=12&base=bingstreets&layers=anza_rec_trail,anza_markers/ Map of the Anza Trail through Fort Ord National Monument]<br />
* [[Fort Ord National Monument (FONM)]]<br />
* [[Long distance trails in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
* [[Federal legislation and executive orders relating to federal lands in California's Central Coast region]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems|coursework]]. It may not be accurate. It does not necessary reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fredhttp://ccows.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/Non-Governmental_Organizations_(NGOs)_and_other_Non-Profit_Organizations_in_California%27s_Central_Coast_RegionNon-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other Non-Profit Organizations in California's Central Coast Region2021-03-18T22:58:56Z<p>Fred: /* Summary */</p>
<hr />
<div>A [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|organizational summary]] by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].<br />
<br />
== Summary ==<br />
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are citizen founded organizations that are independent of governments and international governmental organizations <ref>[https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ngo English Oxford Living Dictionaries - NGO definition. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ngo]</ref>. The term NGO is an informal phrase for organizations that are usually non-profit, or tax exempt, and can be organized at a local (city or county), state, national, or international level <ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/nongovernmental-organization Encyclopaedia Britannica - Nongovernmental organization definition. https://www.britannica.com/topic/nongovernmental-organization]</ref>. NGOs are supported by individual citizens, grants, businesses, educational institutions, and sometimes through government agencies <ref>[http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/american/ngo Macmillian Dictionary - NGO definition. http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/american/ngo]</ref>. They focus on advancing an objective related to social, political, or environmental issues such as human rights, education, health care, economic development, conflict resolution, and environmental protection <ref>[https://www.usip.org/glossary/nongovernmental-organization-ngo United States Institute of Peace - Nongovernmental Organization (NGO) description. https://www.usip.org/glossary/nongovernmental-organization-ngo]</ref>. <br />
<br />
<br />
The following table provides an alphabetical sample list of environmental NGOs located in the central coast of California. Some are locally focused while others strive for global action.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" |<br />
!Organizataion<br />
!Location and area of operation<br />
!Scale<br />
!Status<br />
!Main Focus<br />
!Year Founded<br />
!Website<br />
|----<br />
|[[Anza Trail Foundation]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|----<br />
|Bike Santa Cruz County<br />
(Formerly People Power)<br />
|[[Santa Cruz]]<br />
|[[Santa Cruz County]]<br />
|[[501(c)(4) non-profit]]<br />
|Promotes bicycling through advocacy, education and community building.<br />
|1991<br />
|http://www.bikesantacruzcounty.org/<br />
|----<br />
|[[California Native Plant Society]]<br />
|[[Monterey]] and [[Santa Cruz]] chapters<br />
|Statewide<br />
|[[501(c)(3) non-profit]]<br />
|Conservation of California native plants through science, education, conservation, and gardening. Find solutions for invasive species such as ''[[Arudo donax]]''.<br />
|1965<br />
|https://www.cnps.org/<br />
|----<br />
|Carmel River Watershed Conservancy<br />
|[[Carmel]] headquarters<br />
|[[Carmel River Watershed]]<br />
|[[501(c)(3) non-profit]]<br />
|Protect the [[Carmel River]] through outreach, advocacy, and education<br />
|2000<br />
|https://www.carmelriverwatershed.org/<br />
|----<br />
|[[Clean Oceans International]]<br />
|[[Santa Cruz]] headquarters<br />
|Global<br />
|[[501(c)(3) non-profit]]<br />
|Developing practical solutions to plastic pollution through innovation education, and direct action.<br />
|2008<br />
|https://cleanoceansinternational.org/<br />
|----<br />
|[[Conservancy for the Range of the Condor]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|----<br />
|[[Coastal Watershed Council]]<br />
|[[Santa Cruz]] headquarters<br />
|[[Santa Cruz County]]<br />
|[[501(c)(3) non-profit]]<br />
|Preserves and protect coastal [[watersheds]] through community stewardship, education and monitoring<br />
|1995<br />
|https://coastal-watershed.org/<br />
|----<br />
|[[Communities for Sustainable Monterey County]]<br />
|[[Monterey]]<br />
|[[Monterey County]]<br />
|[[501(c)(3) non-profit]]<br />
|Meet the challenge of declining resources and climate change by helping our communities transition to sustainable practices<br />
|2005<br />
|http://www.sustainablemontereycounty.org/<br />
|----<br />
|[[Community Association of Big Sur (CABS)]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|----<br />
|[[Ecology Action]]<br />
|[[Santa Cruz]] headquarters<br />
|Statewide<br />
|[[501(c)(3) non-profit]]<br />
|Work with utilities, local and federal government, foundations, and communities to influence policy and create effective programs to reduce green house gas emissions.<br />
|1970<br />
|https://ecoact.org/<br />
|----<br />
|Farm Discovery<br />
|[[Watsonville]]<br />
|Santa Cruz County<br />
|[[501(c)(3) non-profit]]<br />
|Transform personal and community health and improve our impact on earth by building and sustaining collaborative agricultural, ecological and social systems.<br />
|<br />
|http://farmdiscovery.org/<br />
|----<br />
|[[Landwatch Monterey County]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|----<br />
|MEarth<br />
|[[Carmel-By-The-Sea]]<br />
|Greater [[Carmel]] Community<br />
|[[501(c)(3) non-profit]]<br />
|Building an interconnected community of engaged citizens and future leaders by promoting analytical thinking through experience-based learning at the Hilton Bialek Habitat<br />
|1995<br />
|http://mearthcarmel.org/<br />
|----<br />
|[[Los Padres Forest Association]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|----<br />
|[[Monterey Audubon Society]]<br />
|Monterey region<br />
|National<br />
|[[501(c)(3) non-profit]]<br />
|Dedicated to conserving and celebrating the birds and wildlife of the greater [[Monterey Bay]] region. Currently engage in an array of educational, citizen-science, and advocacy initiatives geared toward protecting the region's birds and its biological diversity.<br />
|1905<br />
|https://www.montereyaudubon.org/<br />
|----<br />
|Mountain Parks Foundation<br />
|[[Felton]] headquarters<br />
|[[Santa Cruz County]]<br />
|[[501(c)(3) non-profit]]<br />
|Supports the nature education and enrichment programs offered at Henry Cowell and Big Basin Redwoods [[State Parks]].<br />
|1973<br />
|http://www.mountainparks.org/<br />
|----<br />
|[[Monterey Coast Keepers]]<br />
|[[Monterey]] chapter<br />
|Global<br />
|[[501(c)(3) non-profit]]<br />
|Fights for every community's right to drinkable, fishable, swimmable water<br />
|1999<br />
|https://waterkeeper.org/<br />
|----<br />
|[[The Nature Conservancy]]<br />
|[[Monterey]]<br />
|United States<br />
|[[501(c)(3) non-profit]]<br />
|Combining land protection with community-based conservation and a sustained effort to introduce good conservation principles into public policy and land-use planning. <br />
|1951<br />
|https://www.nature.org/<br />
|----<br />
|[[O'Neil Sea Odyssey]]<br />
|[[Santa Cruz]] headquarters<br />
|[[Central California]]<br />
|[[501(c)(3) non-profit]]<br />
|Provide school programs to educate youth about ocean science and how human actions in a [[watershed]] impact the sea.<br />
|1996<br />
|http://oneillseaodyssey.org/<br />
|---<br />
|[[Save Our Shores]]<br />
|[[Santa Cruz]] headquarters<br />
|[[Monterey Bay]]<br />
|[[501(c)(3) non-profit]]<br />
|Keeping coastal areas clean by organizing beach clean-ups, monitoring and restoring coastal habitat, and combating [[Ocean Acidification]] and [[Hypoxia]] by encouraging community members to alter behaviors that can contribute to climate change. <br />
|1978<br />
|http://saveourshores.org/<br />
|----<br />
|[[Save the Whales]]<br />
|[[Seaside]] headquarters<br />
|Local, state, national<br />
|[[501(c)(3) non-profit]]<br />
|Preserve and protect the ocean and its inhabitants through educating the public and influencing policy.<br />
|1977<br />
|https://savethewhales.org/<br />
|----<br />
|[[Sierra Club]]<br />
|Ventana Chapter, [[Santa Cruz]] Chapter<br />
|[[Santa Cruz]] and [[Monterey]] Counties<br />
|[[501(c)(4) non-profit]]<br />
|To explore, enjoy, and protect the wild places of the earth;<br />
To practice and promote the responsible use of the earth's ecosystems and resources;<br />
To educate and enlist humanity to protect and restore the quality of the natural and human environment; and to use all lawful means to carry out these objectives.<br />
|1892<br />
|https://ventana2.sierraclub.org/santacruz/<br />
http://www.ventanasierraclub.org<br />
|----<br />
|[[Surfrider Foundation]]<br />
|[[Monterey]] and [[Santa Cruz]] Chapters<br />
|Global<br />
|[[501(c)(3) non-profit]]<br />
|Project beaches and coastal surf through beach clean-ups, water testing, and education. Take action to prevent [[Coastal Erosion]] by eliminating [[Sand Mining]].<br />
|1991<br />
|https://monterey.surfrider.org/<br />
https://santacruz.surfrider.org/<br />
|----<br />
|[[Trout Unlimited (Steinbeck Country Chapter)]]<br />
|[[Monterey]], San Jose, [[Central Coast]] to [[San Luis Obispo]]<br />
|National<br />
|[[501(c)(3) non-profit]]<br />
|Conserve, protect and restore North America's coldwater fisheries and their [[watersheds]].<br />
|1959<br />
|https://www.californiatu.org/<br />
|----<br />
|[[Ventana Wilderness Alliance]]<br />
|Santa Cruz/Ventana Wilderness<br />
|[[Monterey County]]<br />
|[[501(c)(3) non-profit]]<br />
|Protect, preserve, and restore the wilderness qualities and biodiversity of the public lands within California's northern Santa Lucia Mountains and Big Sur coast. Advocate for [[CEQA]] and [[NEPA]] related issues and incorporate [[Wildfire]] planning.<br />
|1998<br />
|http://www.ventanawild.org/<br />
|----<br />
|[[Ventana Wildlife Society]]<br />
|Monterey/Ventana Wilderness<br />
|[[Monterey County]]<br />
|[[501(c)(3) non-profit]]<br />
|Conserving native wildlife and their habitats through education, species recovery, ecological services, and research. Provide consulting services for [[Special Status Animals in the Central Coast Region]].<br />
|1977<br />
|http://www.ventanaws.org/<br />
|----<br />
|Wild Farm Alliance<br />
|[[Watsonville]] headquarters<br />
|[[Monterey]] and [[Santa Cruz]] counties<br />
|[[501(c)(3) non-profit]]<br />
||Protect biological diversity by diversifying farms, food, and the wider landscapes by empowering farmers, connecting consumers, and protecting wild nature.<br />
|2000<br />
|https://www.wildfarmalliance.org/<br />
|----<br />
|}<br />
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== Links ==<br />
*[[Land Trusts and Conservancies in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
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*[[Big Sur Land Trust (BSLT)]]<br />
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*[[Wildlife Connectivity in California's Central Coast Region]]<br />
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== References ==<br />
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===Cited===<br />
<references/><br />
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== Disclaimer ==<br />
<br />
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned coursework. It may not be accurate. It does not necessary reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.</div>Fred