Difference between revisions of "Pure Water Monterey: A Groundwater Replenishment Project"

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[[File:GWR.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Groundwater Replenishment Project System and Processes. The Paso Robles and Santa Margarita aquifers are the two main water supply aquifers within the Seaside Basin. Image from May 30, 2013 NOP <ref name="GWR NOP"/>]]
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An [[Summaries of Environmental Topics on the Central Coast of California|environmental summary]] created by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [[CSUMB]].
  
= Summary =
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[[File:GWR.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Groundwater Replenishment Project System and Processes. The Paso Robles and Santa Margarita aquifers are the two main water supply aquifers within the [[Seaside Basin]]. Image from May 30, 2013 NOP <ref name="GWR NOP"/>]]
The Monterey Peninsula Groundwater Replenishment (GWR) Project, proposed in 2010, is a collaboration between [[Monterey Peninsula Water Management District (MPWMD)|Monterey Peninsula Water Management District]] (MPWMD), [[Monterey Regional Water Pollution Control Agency]] (MRWPCA), and [[California American Water Company (CalAm)|California American Water Company]] (Cal-Am) to supplement Cal-Am's water supply (see [[Monterey Peninsula Water Supply Project]]) while simultaneously recharging the [[Seaside Groundwater Basin]]. The project is subject to an [[Environmental Impact Report]] in accordance with [[CEQA Overview|CEQA]], and as of May 30, 2014 MRWPCA prepared a Notice of Preparation (NOP).
+
  
== Project Objective==
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= Project summary =
The GWR project proposes groundwater recharge of the [[Seaside Basin]] with Advanced Treated Wastewater through injection wells beginning in 2016. The project goal is to provide Cal-Am with a supplemental water supply source. <ref name = "GWR NOP"> [http://www.mpwaterreplenishment.org/docs/Final%20GWR%20NOP%2030May2013%20with%20figures.pdf GWR NOP] </ref> Another benefit of the Groundwater Replenishment Project is that it would also decrease the impacts of groundwater overdraft and associated risks of seawater intrusion.<ref name = "GWR NOP"> [http://www.mpwaterreplenishment.org/docs/Final%20GWR%20NOP%2030May2013%20with%20figures.pdf GWR NOP] </ref>   Cal-Am is pursuing alternative water supply due to the State Water Resources Control Board’s Cease and Desist Order to reduce diversions from the Carmel River, and to comply with the Seaside Basin Adjudication (see [[CalAm Use of Carmel River Groundwater Basin]]). <ref name = "GWR NOP"> [http://www.mpwaterreplenishment.org/docs/Final%20GWR%20NOP%2030May2013%20with%20figures.pdf GWR NOP] </ref> The GWR Project will produce 3,500 acre-feet per year (AFY) for sale to Cal-Am. Subsequently, Cal-Am will be able to reduce the capacity of its [[Desalination in the Central Coast|desalination]] plant by the same amount.
+
The Pure Water Monterey (PWM) Expansion Project is a collaboration between [[Monterey Peninsula Water Management District (MPWMD)|Monterey Peninsula Water Management District]] (MPWMD) and [[Monterey One Water]] (M1W), and its purpose is to supplement available water supply for parts of Monterey County. It was proposed in 2010, and exists now as an operational recycling plant in [[City of Marina| Marina]] and [[Seaside]] . It is currently an alternative to the [[California American Water Company (CalAm)|California American Water Company]] desalination project (see [[Monterey Peninsula Water Supply Project]]). PWM will also simultaneously recharge the [[Seaside Groundwater Basin]]. The project is subject to an [[Environmental Impact Report]] (EIR) in accordance with [[CEQA Overview|CEQA]], the draft of which has been reviewed (as of April 2016).<ref name = "Update0316"> Monterey One Water. [http://mrwpca.org/docs/meetings/2015-03-19/Item%206%20RWC%20GWR%20Update%20031915%20w%20attachments.pdf Monterey Water Pollution Control Agency 2015 Memorandum], Published March 29, 2015. Retrieved April 5, 2020. </ref> A Supplemental [[Environmental Impact Report| EIR]] was under public review from November 7th, 2019, to January 31st, 2020.<ref name = "Revised Notice of Availability"> Monterey One Water. [https://purewatermonterey.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/Notice-of-Availability-Draft-Supplimental-EIR-Dec-20-2019-Extension-of-Public-Review-Period.pdf REVISED NOTICE OF AVAILABILITY OF
 +
DRAFT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT FOR PUBLIC REVIEW], Published December 23, 2019. Retrieved April 8, 2020. </ref> Before January 2014, PWM was titled the "Groundwater Replenishment Project." After December 2014, the project was officially given the name "Pure Water Monterey: A Groundwater Replenishment Project".<ref name = "MPGWR"> Previous GWR Website. [http://www.mpwaterreplenishment.org Official GWR Website] </ref> It is usually discussed and referred to as "Pure Water Monterey."
  
== Project Location ==
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== Objectives ==
 +
As of February 2020, operations officially began under the PWM project for groundwater recharge of the [[Seaside Basin]] with Advanced Treated Wastewater through injection wells. <ref name="Pure Water Monterey gets Final State OK"> Johnson, Jim. [https://www.montereyherald.com/2020/02/05/pure-water-monterey-gets-final-state-ok/?returnUrl=https://www.montereyherald.com/2020/02/05/pure-water-monterey-gets-final-state-ok/?clearUserState=true Pure Water Monterey Gets Final State Ok], Updated February 5th, 2020. Retrieved April 5, 2020. </ref> The project goal is to provide [[California American Water Company (CalAm)| Cal-Am]] with a supplemental water supply source separate from the [[Carmel River]], [[Carmel Valley Alluvial Aquifer]], and [[Seaside Basin]]. <ref name = "GWR NOP"> Original GWR Notice of Proposal. [http://www.mpwaterreplenishment.org/docs/Final%20GWR%20NOP%2030May2013%20with%20figures.pdf GWR NOP] </ref> Another benefit of the project is that it will decrease the impacts of groundwater overdraft and associated risks of seawater intrusion.<ref name = "GWR NOP"> [http://www.mpwaterreplenishment.org/docs/Final%20GWR%20NOP%2030May2013%20with%20figures.pdf GWR NOP] </ref>  [[California American Water Company (CalAm)| Cal-Am]] is pursuing alternative water supply due to the State Water Resources Control Board’s Cease and Desist Order to reduce diversions from the Carmel River, and to comply with the [[Seaside Basin]] Adjudication (see [[CalAm Use of Carmel River Groundwater Basin]]). <ref name = "GWR NOP"> Original GWR Notice of Proposal. [http://www.mpwaterreplenishment.org/docs/Final%20GWR%20NOP%2030May2013%20with%20figures.pdf GWR NOP] </ref> The PWM Project will produce 3,500 acre-feet per year (AFY) for sale to [[California American Water Company (CalAm)| Cal-Am]]. Subsequently, [[California American Water Company (CalAm)| Cal-Am]] will ideally be able to reduce the capacity of its [[Desalination in the Central Coast|desalination]] [[Monterey Peninsula Water Supply Project| plant]] by the same amount, if it is built. <ref name= "Monterey Desalination Plant debated by California Coastal Commission"> Renda, Matthew. [https://www.courthousenews.com/monterey-bay-desalination-plant-debated-by-coastal-commission/ Monterey Desalination Plant debated by California Coastal Commission]. Published November 14, 2019. Retrieved April 5, 2020. </ref>
 +
 
 +
== Location ==
 
[[File:SeasideBasin.png|thumb|300ps|right| Carmel Valley Aquifer and Seaside Groundwater Basin <ref name = "Water Supply Project Monterey Herald May 2013"
 
[[File:SeasideBasin.png|thumb|300ps|right| Carmel Valley Aquifer and Seaside Groundwater Basin <ref name = "Water Supply Project Monterey Herald May 2013"
> [http://www.montereyherald.com/ci_23347443/path-your-tap-what-you-need-know-about Water Supply Project Monterey Herald May 2013] </ref> ]]
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> Monterey Herald. [http://www.montereyherald.com/ci_23347443/path-your-tap-what-you-need-know-about Water Supply Project Monterey Herald May 2013] </ref> ]]
 
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The GWR Project would be located in the cities of [[City of Marina| Marina]] and [[Seaside]] as well as some unincorporated areas of the Salinas Valley.<ref name = "The benefits of recycled water recharge to an over-drafted coastal groundwater basin"
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> [http://www.mpwaterreplenishment.org/docs/regulatory_research/BenefirtsofRecycledWaterRechargetoOver-DraftedCoastalGWBasin%20-%20Jerry%20Cole.pdf The benefits of recycled water recharge to an over-drafted coastal groundwater basin] </ref> The project would replenish groundwater in the [[Seaside Groundwater Basin]]. The Seaside Groundwater Basin is located below Seaside, [[City of Sand City| Sand City]], Del Rey Oaks, Monterey and unincorporated areas of Monterey County, California.<ref name = "The benefits of recycled water recharge to an over-drafted coastal groundwater basin"/>
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==Project History==
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Since 1987 the water table has has been decreasing, with a substantial drop in 1995 when Cal-Am switched its water supply from the Carmel River to the Seaside Groundwater Basin.<ref name = "The benefits of recycled water recharge to an over-drafted coastal groundwater basin"/> The increase in water drawn from the Seaside Basin has led to an overdraft of water and creates a potential risk of seawater intrusion. <ref name = "MPWMD Seaside Groundwater Basin ASR"> [http://www.mpwmd.dst.ca.us/mapgallery/GwrPstr_Left_small.pdf MPWMD Seaside Groundwater Basin ASR] </ref> In 2006 the Seaside Basin was adjudicated by the California Superior Court to decrease the amount of water drawn from the Seaside Basin within three years, unless the appointed Watermaster board could secure more water sources. <ref name = "The benefits of recycled water recharge to an over-drafted coastal groundwater basin"/>
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To address these concerns Cal-Am and MPWMD jointly operate the [[Seaside Basin Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR)]] project that injects excess flow from the [[Carmel River]] into the Seaside Basin during periods of high flow.<ref name = "MPWMD Aquifer Storage and Recovery> [http://www.watereuse.org/sites/default/files/u3/Dave%20Stoldt.pdf MPWMD Aquifer Storage and Recovery] </ref>
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 +
The PWM recycling plant is located in the cities of [[City of Marina| Marina]] and [[Seaside]] as well as some unincorporated areas of the [[Salinas Valley]].<ref name = "The benefits of recycled water recharge to an over-drafted coastal groundwater basin"
 +
> Cole, Jerry. [http://www.mpwaterreplenishment.org/docs/regulatory_research/BenefirtsofRecycledWaterRechargetoOver-DraftedCoastalGWBasin%20-%20Jerry%20Cole.pdf The benefits of recycled water recharge to an over-drafted coastal groundwater basin] </ref> The project would replenish groundwater in the [[Seaside Groundwater Basin]].
  
In 1995 CalAm was issued a cease and desist order (CDO) by the State Water Resources Control Board for drawing more water from the Carmel River than they were allocated.<ref> [http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/board_decisions/adopted_orders/orders/1995/wro95-10.pdf SWRCB WR 95-10]</ref> In 2009 CalAm was issued another CDO for continuing to draw more water than they were allocated.<ref> [http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/board_decisions/adopted_orders/orders/2009/wro2009_0060.pdf SWRCB WR 2009-0060]</ref> Under the CDO CalAm will have to reduce the amount of water is draws from the Carmel River by 70% from 2009 to 2016. <ref> [http://www.mpwmd.dst.ca.us/CDo/FAQ/CDO_FAQ_20110202_HS.pdf MPWMD FAQ on CDO Feb. 2011]</ref> The Groundwater Replenishment Project is part of a portfolio of projects to address the decrease in water available from the Carmel River.
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== Timeline ==
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The general sequence of events for the PWM project is summarized by the initial plan from [[Monterey One Water]] and the Monterey Peninsula Water Management District plan, followed by the actual progression up to March 2020: (list from MPWMD plan or otherwise specified):<ref name = "Update0316"> [http://mrwpca.org/docs/meetings/2015-03-19/Item%206%20RWC%20GWR%20Update%20031915%20w%20attachments.pdf Monterey Water Pollution Control Agency 2015 Memorandum], Published March 29, 2015. Retrieved April 5, 2020. </ref>
 +
*2013: 2013-2017 plan created by [[Monterey One Water| M1W]] and [[Monterey Peninsula Water Management District]].
 +
**2013: Begin CEQA assessment, and complete technical reports required for administrative draft environmental impact report (ADEIR and DEIR)
 +
**2014: Continue creating DEIR and test plant wells 
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**2015: Release and certify final environmental impact report (FEIR) 
 +
**2016: Obtain final CEQA permits and consult with California Public Utilities Commision (CPUC). Begin construction.
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**2017: Complete construction and begin testing facility <ref name = "Update0316"> [http://mrwpca.org/docs/meetings/2015-03-19/Item%206%20RWC%20GWR%20Update%20031915%20w%20attachments.pdf Monterey Water Pollution Control Agency 2015 Memorandum], Published March 29, 2015. Retrieved April 5, 2020. </ref>
 +
The following progression is from the Pure Water Monterey Website, or otherwise specified. <ref name="Pure Water Monterey in the News"> Pure Water Monterey. [https://purewatermonterey.org/news/in-the-news/ Pure Water Monterey in the News] Updated 2020. Retrieved April 5, 2020. </ref>
 +
*9/9/2014: [[Monterey One Water]], Monterey Peninsula Water Management District (MPWMD), Monterey County Water Resources Agency, agriculture, Marina Coast Water District and the City of Salinas meet to discuss project goals
 +
*10/10/2014: Monterey County Board of Supervisors joins discussions, and is one of six agencies to approve a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to continue to discuss moving forward
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*12/14/2014: Changes to [[Pure Water Monterey]] are opened to public comment
 +
**Changes include
 +
*** 3,500 acre-feet per year of treated recycled water
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*** 5,292 acre-feet per year to [[Monterey County Water Resources Agency]] for Castroville-area crops
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*** Injecting 1,000 acre-feet per year into the Seaside groundwater basin
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*** New pipeline for intake from Tembladero Slough
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*** Inclusion of washwater from Salinas salad plants
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*** Officially changing name to [[Pure Water Monterey]]
 +
* 12/18/2014: [[Monterey One Water| M1W]] files notice of preparation (NOP) of EIR
 +
* 4/22/2015: [[Monterey One Water]] and MPWMD release the DEIR for public comment
 +
* 5/7/2015: [[Monterey Peninsula Water Supply Project]] DEIR released for public comment.
 +
* 8/11/2015: Ord Community in south Marina would receive water alottment in pipeline going to Seaside groundwater basin
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* 8/27/2015: [[California American Water Company (CalAm)| Cal-Am]] petitions to push back deadline of [[CalAm Use of Carmel River Groundwater Basin| Carmel River]] pumping reduction order
 +
* 9/28/2015: Final EIR completed, certification hearing set for October 8th
 +
* 10/12/2015: Final EIR certified
 +
* 1/22/2016: Monterey County Board of Directors and Peninsula Mayors Water Authority Board approves project purchase agreement 
 +
* 1/21/2017: Monterey Peninsula water bills under [[California American Water Company (CalAm)| Cal-Am]] projected to increase 79% by March <ref name="Cal Am water bills for Monterey Peninsula projected to increase 79% by March"> Johnson, Jim. [https://www.montereyherald.com/2017/01/21/cal-am-water-bills-to-rise-as-much-as-79-percent-by-march-more-increases-pending/ Cal Am Water Bills to rise 79% for Monterey Peninsula], Published January 21, 2017. Retrieved April 5, 2020. </ref>
 +
* 3/9/2017: Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board approves permit for [[Pure Water Monterey]] expansion to inject tertiary-treated wastewater into Seaside groundwater basin <ref name="Recycled water project gets permit to inject highly treated wastewater into the [[Seaside basin]]"> Johnson, Jim. [https://www.montereyherald.com/2017/03/09/recycled-water-project-gets-permit-to-inject-highly-treated-wastewater-into-seaside-basin/ Central Coast Water Board Grants Recycling Project Basin Injection Permit], Published March 9, 2017. Retrieved April 5, 2020. </ref>
 +
* 5/6/2017: Groundbreaking ceremony for recycling plant (May). <ref name="Pure Water Monterey recycled water project hailed at groundbreaking, challenges remain"> Johnson, Jim. [https://www.montereyherald.com/2017/05/05/pure-water-monterey-recycled-water-project-hailed-at-groundbreaking-challenges-remain/ Pure Water Monterey hailed at May 2017 groundbreaking, challenges remain], Updated September 11, 2018. Retrieved April 5, 2020. </ref>  
 +
* 10/8/2017: [[California American Water Company (CalAm)| Cal-Am]] cutback deadline moved to December 31, 2021
 +
* 10/12/2017: Monterey Peninsula Water Management District manager Dave Stoldt says [Pure Water Monterey] expansion could meet the needs of the Peninsula before desalination project is built
 +
*4/18/2018: [[Pure Water Monterey]] wins WaterReuse California award
 +
*9/13/2019: Construction delays push back initial operations <ref name="Pure Water Monterey recycled water project delays continue"> Johnson, Jim.[https://www.montereyherald.com/2019/09/13/pure-water-monterey-recycled-water-project-delays-continue/ Pure Water Monterey Project Delays Continue], Updated September 16, 2019. Retrieved April 5, 2020. </ref>
 +
*11/7/2019: Draft environmental study for expansion released <ref name="Draft Environmental Study for Expansion Project Released"> Johnson, Jim.[https://www.montereyherald.com/2019/11/07/draft-study-for-pure-water-monterey-expansion-project-released/ Draft Environmental Study for Expansion Project Released] Published Novemeber 7, 2019. Retrieved April 5, 2020. </ref>
 +
*12/20/2019: Pure Water Monterey environmental study public comment period extended through January 31 <ref name="Pure Water Monterey Expansion environmental study public comment extended until Jan 31"> Johnson, Jim. [https://www.montereyherald.com/2019/12/20/pure-water-monterey-expansion-environmental-study-review-extended/ Pure Water Monterey Expansion Environmental Study Review Extended] Updated December 23, 2019. Retrieved April 5, 2020. </ref>
 +
*2/5/2020: [[Pure Water Monterey]] expansion final state ok to begin delivering recycled water to Peninsula and Seaside groundwater basin in mid-February <ref name="Pure Water Monterey gets Final State OK"> Johnson, Jim. [https://www.montereyherald.com/2020/02/05/pure-water-monterey-gets-final-state-ok/?returnUrl=https://www.montereyherald.com/2020/02/05/pure-water-monterey-gets-final-state-ok/?clearUserState=true Pure Water Monterey Gets Final State Ok], Updated February 5th, 2020. Retrieved April 5, 2020. </ref>
  
= Systems =
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= Water systems & facilities =
The GWR Project will artificially recharge the Seaside Groundwater Basin with advanced, treated wastewater. The treated water will be injected underground using a series of shallow and deep injection wells.<ref name = "GWR NOP" /> The goal is to have injected water mix with existing groundwater for storage until CalAm begins to use the water to supply its customers. <ref name = "GWR NOP" />  
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Pure Water Monterey will artificially recharge the [[Seaside Groundwater Basin]] with tertiary treated wastewater. The treated wastewater will be injected underground using a series of shallow and deep injection wells.<ref name = "GWR NOP" /> The goal is to have injected water mix with existing groundwater for storage until [[California American Water Company (CalAm)| Cal-Am]] begins to use the water to supply its customers. <ref name = "GWR NOP" />  
  
 
'''Water Sources'''
 
'''Water Sources'''
  
The GWR would use a combination of the following water sources (list from the NOP):<ref name = "GWR NOP" />
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The project will use a combination of the following water sources (list from the GWR Notice of Preparation (NOP)):<ref name = "GWR NOP" />
* [[City of Salinas Treatment Plant]] water
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* [[City of Salinas Treatment Plant]] water  
 +
* [[Castroville Seawater Intrusion Project (CSIP)]]
 
* [[Blanco Drain]] water
 
* [[Blanco Drain]] water
* Storm water collection from the City of [[Salinas]] and other entities through the MRWPCA
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* Storm water collection from the City of [[Salinas]] and other entities through MRWPCA
 
* Secondary or Tertiary effluent from the [[MRWPCA Regional Treatment Plant| Regional Treatment Plant]]
 
* Secondary or Tertiary effluent from the [[MRWPCA Regional Treatment Plant| Regional Treatment Plant]]
 
* [[The Gabilan / Reclamation Ditch Watershed| Reclamation Ditch water]]
 
* [[The Gabilan / Reclamation Ditch Watershed| Reclamation Ditch water]]
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'''Infrastructure'''
 
'''Infrastructure'''
  
The GWR Project would require the development of the following facilities (list adapted from the NOP):<ref name = "GWR NOP" />
+
It will require the development of the following facilities (list adapted from the NOP):<ref name = "GWR NOP" />
  
 
* '''''Source Water Conveyance Facilities:''' diversion and collection facilities, including pipelines and pump stations to convey source water to the new treatment facilities. Water sources to the treatment facility include: City of Salinas Treatment Plant water, Blanco Drain water, storm water from City of Salinas, effluent from the Regional Treatment Plant and Reclamation Ditch water,''
 
* '''''Source Water Conveyance Facilities:''' diversion and collection facilities, including pipelines and pump stations to convey source water to the new treatment facilities. Water sources to the treatment facility include: City of Salinas Treatment Plant water, Blanco Drain water, storm water from City of Salinas, effluent from the Regional Treatment Plant and Reclamation Ditch water,''
 
* '''''Treatment Facilities:''' pretreatment facilities, a new Advanced Water Treatment Plant, and associated facilities at the existing Regional Treatment Plant site to filter and treat the source water, ''
 
* '''''Treatment Facilities:''' pretreatment facilities, a new Advanced Water Treatment Plant, and associated facilities at the existing Regional Treatment Plant site to filter and treat the source water, ''
* '''''Product Water Conveyance Facilities:''' pipelines, pump stations, and appurtenant facilities along one of two optional alignments to convey the treated water to the Seaside Basin, and ''
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* '''''Product Water Conveyance Facilities:''' pipelines, pump stations, and appurtenant facilities along one of two optional alignments to convey the treated water to the [[Seaside Basin]], and ''
* '''''Replenishment/Recharge Facilities:''' pipelines, deep injection and shallow (vadose zone) wells, and backflush facilities to be located at one or both of two optional locations (coastal and/or inland recharge sites) within the Seaside Basin boundaries.''
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* '''''Replenishment/Recharge Facilities:''' pipelines, deep injection and shallow (vadose zone) wells, and backflush facilities to be located at one or both of two optional locations (coastal and/or inland recharge sites) within the [[Seaside Basin]] boundaries.''
  
 
= Laws, policies, & regulations =
 
= Laws, policies, & regulations =
GWR Project will be subject to many laws and regulations by federal, state and local agencies. The project will be subject to environmental review under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and a number of permits will be required.
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The development of Pure Water Monterey was subject to environmental laws and regulations by federal, state and local agencies. The project was be accountable to environmental review under the [[CEQA Overview| California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA)]], and various permits were required.
  
 
==CEQA==
 
==CEQA==
In accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) the GWR Project must prepare an [http://www.ceqanet.ca.gov/ProjDocList.asp?ProjectPK=624272 Environmental Impact Report (EIR)]. Under CEQA the lead agency preparing the EIR is the Monterey Regional Water Pollution Control Agency (MRWPCA). MRWPCA is currently preparing the EIR, and in May 2013 began public scoping and prepared a Notice of Preparation.
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[[Monterey One Water |M1W]] prepared an [http://www.ceqanet.ca.gov/ProjDocList.asp?ProjectPK=624272 Environmental Impact Report (EIR)] in accordance with the [[CEQA Overview|California Environmental Quality Act]] (CEQA). [[Monterey One Water |M1W]] produced the draft and final [[Environmental Impact Report| EIR]] (April 2016).<ref name = "MPGWR"> Previous GWR Website. [http://www.mpwaterreplenishment.org Official GWR Website] </ref> They also prepared a notice of preparation (NOP) of a supplemental [[Environmental Impact Report| EIR]] on May 15, 2019. They released the Draft supplemental  [[Environmental Impact Report| EIR]] on November 7, 2019. Public Comment closed on January 31, 2020. <ref name="Pure Water Monterey Website"> Pure Water Monterey. [https://purewatermonterey.org/ Pure Water Monterey Website] Updated 2020. </ref>
  
== Required Permits ==
+
== Required permits ==
A number of permits will be required in the construction of the GWR Project. The following table is adapted from the GWR Project NOP and lists the [[Regulatory Agencies in the Central Coast|regulatory agencies]] as well as the [[Common Permits Required for Restoration in the Central Coast|permits]] required for project construction.
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A number of permits were required in the construction of the project. The following table is adapted from the original Notice of Preparation (NOP) and lists the [[Regulatory Agencies in the Central Coast|regulatory agencies]] as well as the [[Common Permits Required for Restoration in the Central Coast|permits]] required for project construction.
  
 
{| {{table}}
 
{| {{table}}
 
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Federal Agencies '''
 
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Federal Agencies '''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|''''''
+
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Environmental Protection Agency| U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]]  ||Class V Underground Injection Control Program (Part C, Safe Drinking Water Act [SDWA])
 
| [[Environmental Protection Agency| U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]]  ||Class V Underground Injection Control Program (Part C, Safe Drinking Water Act [SDWA])
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|-
 
|-
 
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''State Agencies '''
 
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''State Agencies '''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|''''''
+
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[California Public Utilities Commission]]  ||Coordination regarding the MPWSP Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity (Application No. 12‐04‐019)  
 
| [[California Public Utilities Commission]]  ||Coordination regarding the MPWSP Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity (Application No. 12‐04‐019)  
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|-
 
|-
 
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Local Agencies '''
 
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Local Agencies '''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|''''''
+
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[City of Salinas]]  ||Electricity Power Purchase Agreement
 
| [[City of Salinas]]  ||Electricity Power Purchase Agreement
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|-
 
|-
 
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Private Entities '''
 
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Private Entities '''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|''''''
+
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Landowners  ||Land lease/sale; easements and encroachment agreements  
 
| Landowners  ||Land lease/sale; easements and encroachment agreements  
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|}
 
|}
  
= Resource Goals =
+
= Resource goals =
  
 
'''Water'''
 
'''Water'''
*Quantity: The GWR project may provide a secure source of water for the Monterey Peninsula under drought conditions.<ref name = "The benefits of recycled water recharge to an over-drafted coastal groundwater basin"/>  
+
*Quantity: Pure Water Monterey provides a secure source of fresh, potable water for the Monterey Peninsula under regular and drought conditions.<ref name = "The benefits of recycled water recharge to an over-drafted coastal groundwater basin"/> Specifically, it will provide 3,500 acre-feet of tertiary-treated water to residents on the [[Monterey Peninsula]], and 5,292 acre-feet per year for irrigation on Castroville-area crops during regular water years. <ref name="Pure Water Monterey in the News"> Pure Water Monterey. [https://purewatermonterey.org/news/in-the-news/ Pure Water Monterey in the News] Updated 2020. Retrieved April 5, 2020. </ref>
*Seaside Basin Aquifer: The GWR Project will raise the water levels in the Seaside Basin.<ref name = "The benefits of recycled water recharge to an over-drafted coastal groundwater basin"/>  
+
*Additionally, the it will raise [[Seaside Basin]] water levels.<ref name = "The benefits of recycled water recharge to an over-drafted coastal groundwater basin"/>  
*Seawater Intrusion: The GWR will decrease the risk of seawater intrusion into the Seaside Basin.<ref name = "The benefits of recycled water recharge to an over-drafted coastal groundwater basin"/>  
+
*Seawater Intrusion: It will also decrease the risk of seawater intrusion into the [[Seaside Basin]].<ref name = "The benefits of recycled water recharge to an over-drafted coastal groundwater basin"/>  
*Contamination: If injected water was not treated to specific standards there could be potential groundwater contamination issues.  
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*Contamination: If injected water is not treated to set standards there could be potential groundwater contamination issues.  
  
 
'''Energy'''
 
'''Energy'''
*The GWR will decrease the amount of water that must be obtained through desalination in the future. A resultant decrease in the amount of energy and greenhouse gas emissions from the desalination process is expected.<ref name = "The benefits of recycled water recharge to an over-drafted coastal groundwater basin"/>
+
*It will decrease the amount of water that must be obtained through desalination in the future. A resultant decrease in the amount of energy and greenhouse gas emissions from the desalination process is expected.<ref name = "The benefits of recycled water recharge to an over-drafted coastal groundwater basin"/>
 +
*In 2015, the draft [[Environmental Impact Report| EIR]] report for the [[Monterey Peninsula Water Supply Project]] quoting an increase of 550% in energy regarding desalination pumping and treatment. This increase corresponded to a smaller plant than currently planned in 2020.
 +
*The [[Monterey Peninsula Water Supply Project]] would consume more energy. Pure Water Monterey is a lower-energy alternative. <ref name="Monterey Peninsula Desalination Plant Draft EIR Emissions"> Johnson, Jim. [https://www.montereyherald.com/2015/05/26/desal-draft-eir-project-to-be-energy-intensive-increase-emissions/ Desal Draft EIR: Project To Be Energy Intensive, Increase Emissions] Updated September 11, 2018. Retrieved April 5, 2020. </ref>
  
 
'''Environment'''
 
'''Environment'''
*Surface Water: The GWR will decrease the amount of water drawn from the Carmel River,<ref name = "The benefits of recycled water recharge to an over-drafted coastal groundwater basin"/> which provides important habitat to threatened [[Steelhead| steelhead]].
+
*Surface Water: The project will decrease the amount of water drawn from the [[Carmel River]],<ref name = "The benefits of recycled water recharge to an over-drafted coastal groundwater basin"/> which provides important habitat for threatened [[Steelhead| steelhead trout]].
*Pollution: The GWR will decrease the amount of treated wastewater, storm water run-off, and water from the Blanco drain and Reclamation ditch and that flow into the [[Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary]].
+
*Pollution: Pure Water Monterey will decrease the amount of treated wastewater, storm water run-off, and water from the Blanco drain and Reclamation ditch and that flow into the [[Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary]].
 +
 
 +
= Future Projections =
 +
 
 +
*California’s climate is historically characterized by strings of drier, Mediterranean years with periodically-occurring years that are much wetter than average. These coincide with the El-Nino Southern Oscillation or the Pacific Decadal Oscillation in terms of annual precipitation. The wetter-than-average years inflate the average annual precipitation, which can be problematic if one is evaluating environmental policy by outlier years. Therefore, if this is not sufficiently calculated into future precipitation projections, environmental scientists may overestimate the amount of input into our surface and groundwater from rain. There is an [[Monterey Peninsula Water Management District| MPWMD]] report that claims that [[Pure Water Monterey]] will adequately supply the [[Monterey Peninsula]] until 2043. <ref name="Pure Water Monterey Draft EIR public comment ends"> Johnson, Jim. [https://www.montereyherald.com/2020/02/06/pure-water-monterey-expansion-project-caps-draft-eir-public-comment/ Pure Water Monterey caps supplemental draft EIR Public Comment] Updated February 7, 2020. Retrieved April 5, 2020. </ref>
 +
*There is an additional North Monterey County Drought Contingency report that says that as early as 2035, [[Pure Water Monterey]] alone will not be enough to supply the [[Monterey Peninsula| Peninsula's]] water demands. It asserts that the [[Monterey Peninsula Water Supply Project]] can provide a small surplus during normal and drought years. <ref name="North Monterey County Drought Contingency Plan"> Monterey Peninsula Water Management District [https://totalwatermanagement.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/North-Monterey-County-DCP-Final-March-2019.pdf North Monterey County Drought Contingency Plan] Published March 2019. Retrieved April 5, 2020. </ref>
  
 
= Stakeholders =
 
= Stakeholders =
Line 187: Line 229:
 
* [[City of Del Rey Oaks]]
 
* [[City of Del Rey Oaks]]
 
* [[City of Monterey]]
 
* [[City of Monterey]]
* Monterey Peninsula Residents
+
* [[Monterey Peninsula]] Residents
  
 
=Links=
 
=Links=
  
*[[CalAm Use of Carmel River Groundwater Basin]]
+
* [[CalAm Use of Carmel River Groundwater Basin]]
*[[Desalination in the Central Coast]]
+
*[[Los Padres Reservoir Capacity Issues]]
+
* [[Monterey Peninsula Water Management District (MPWMD)]]
+
* [[Monterey Regional Water Pollution Control Agency]]
+
 
* [[California American Water Company (CalAm)]]
 
* [[California American Water Company (CalAm)]]
 +
* [[Carmel River]]
 +
* [[Carmel Valley Alluvial Aquifer]]
 
* [[CEQA projects on the Central Coast]]
 
* [[CEQA projects on the Central Coast]]
*[http://www.ceqanet.ca.gov/ProjDocList.asp?ProjectPK=624272 CEQAnet Project Description SCH 2013051094]
+
*[http://www.ceqanet.ca.gov/ProjDocList.asp?ProjectPK=624272| CEQAnet Project Description]
 +
* [[Desalination in the Central Coast]]
 +
* [[Los Padres Reservoir Capacity Issues]]
 +
* [[Monterey One Water]]
 +
* [[Monterey Peninsula Water Management District (MPWMD)]]
  
 
=References=
 
=References=

Revision as of 10:43, 14 April 2020

An environmental summary created by the ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems class at CSUMB.

Groundwater Replenishment Project System and Processes. The Paso Robles and Santa Margarita aquifers are the two main water supply aquifers within the Seaside Basin. Image from May 30, 2013 NOP [1]

Project summary

The Pure Water Monterey (PWM) Expansion Project is a collaboration between Monterey Peninsula Water Management District (MPWMD) and Monterey One Water (M1W), and its purpose is to supplement available water supply for parts of Monterey County. It was proposed in 2010, and exists now as an operational recycling plant in Marina and Seaside . It is currently an alternative to the California American Water Company desalination project (see Monterey Peninsula Water Supply Project). PWM will also simultaneously recharge the Seaside Groundwater Basin. The project is subject to an Environmental Impact Report (EIR) in accordance with CEQA, the draft of which has been reviewed (as of April 2016).[2] A Supplemental EIR was under public review from November 7th, 2019, to January 31st, 2020.[3] Before January 2014, PWM was titled the "Groundwater Replenishment Project." After December 2014, the project was officially given the name "Pure Water Monterey: A Groundwater Replenishment Project".[4] It is usually discussed and referred to as "Pure Water Monterey."

Objectives

As of February 2020, operations officially began under the PWM project for groundwater recharge of the Seaside Basin with Advanced Treated Wastewater through injection wells. [5] The project goal is to provide Cal-Am with a supplemental water supply source separate from the Carmel River, Carmel Valley Alluvial Aquifer, and Seaside Basin. [1] Another benefit of the project is that it will decrease the impacts of groundwater overdraft and associated risks of seawater intrusion.[1] Cal-Am is pursuing alternative water supply due to the State Water Resources Control Board’s Cease and Desist Order to reduce diversions from the Carmel River, and to comply with the Seaside Basin Adjudication (see CalAm Use of Carmel River Groundwater Basin). [1] The PWM Project will produce 3,500 acre-feet per year (AFY) for sale to Cal-Am. Subsequently, Cal-Am will ideally be able to reduce the capacity of its desalination plant by the same amount, if it is built. [6]

Location

Carmel Valley Aquifer and Seaside Groundwater Basin [7]

The PWM recycling plant is located in the cities of Marina and Seaside as well as some unincorporated areas of the Salinas Valley.[8] The project would replenish groundwater in the Seaside Groundwater Basin.

Timeline

The general sequence of events for the PWM project is summarized by the initial plan from Monterey One Water and the Monterey Peninsula Water Management District plan, followed by the actual progression up to March 2020: (list from MPWMD plan or otherwise specified):[2]

  • 2013: 2013-2017 plan created by M1W and Monterey Peninsula Water Management District.
    • 2013: Begin CEQA assessment, and complete technical reports required for administrative draft environmental impact report (ADEIR and DEIR)
    • 2014: Continue creating DEIR and test plant wells
    • 2015: Release and certify final environmental impact report (FEIR)
    • 2016: Obtain final CEQA permits and consult with California Public Utilities Commision (CPUC). Begin construction.
    • 2017: Complete construction and begin testing facility [2]

The following progression is from the Pure Water Monterey Website, or otherwise specified. [9]

  • 9/9/2014: Monterey One Water, Monterey Peninsula Water Management District (MPWMD), Monterey County Water Resources Agency, agriculture, Marina Coast Water District and the City of Salinas meet to discuss project goals
  • 10/10/2014: Monterey County Board of Supervisors joins discussions, and is one of six agencies to approve a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to continue to discuss moving forward
  • 12/14/2014: Changes to Pure Water Monterey are opened to public comment
    • Changes include
      • 3,500 acre-feet per year of treated recycled water
      • 5,292 acre-feet per year to Monterey County Water Resources Agency for Castroville-area crops
      • Injecting 1,000 acre-feet per year into the Seaside groundwater basin
      • New pipeline for intake from Tembladero Slough
      • Inclusion of washwater from Salinas salad plants
      • Officially changing name to Pure Water Monterey
  • 12/18/2014: M1W files notice of preparation (NOP) of EIR
  • 4/22/2015: Monterey One Water and MPWMD release the DEIR for public comment
  • 5/7/2015: Monterey Peninsula Water Supply Project DEIR released for public comment.
  • 8/11/2015: Ord Community in south Marina would receive water alottment in pipeline going to Seaside groundwater basin
  • 8/27/2015: Cal-Am petitions to push back deadline of Carmel River pumping reduction order
  • 9/28/2015: Final EIR completed, certification hearing set for October 8th
  • 10/12/2015: Final EIR certified
  • 1/22/2016: Monterey County Board of Directors and Peninsula Mayors Water Authority Board approves project purchase agreement
  • 1/21/2017: Monterey Peninsula water bills under Cal-Am projected to increase 79% by March [10]
  • 3/9/2017: Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board approves permit for Pure Water Monterey expansion to inject tertiary-treated wastewater into Seaside groundwater basin [11]
  • 5/6/2017: Groundbreaking ceremony for recycling plant (May). [12]
  • 10/8/2017: Cal-Am cutback deadline moved to December 31, 2021
  • 10/12/2017: Monterey Peninsula Water Management District manager Dave Stoldt says [Pure Water Monterey] expansion could meet the needs of the Peninsula before desalination project is built
  • 4/18/2018: Pure Water Monterey wins WaterReuse California award
  • 9/13/2019: Construction delays push back initial operations [13]
  • 11/7/2019: Draft environmental study for expansion released [14]
  • 12/20/2019: Pure Water Monterey environmental study public comment period extended through January 31 [15]
  • 2/5/2020: Pure Water Monterey expansion final state ok to begin delivering recycled water to Peninsula and Seaside groundwater basin in mid-February [5]

Water systems & facilities

Pure Water Monterey will artificially recharge the Seaside Groundwater Basin with tertiary treated wastewater. The treated wastewater will be injected underground using a series of shallow and deep injection wells.[1] The goal is to have injected water mix with existing groundwater for storage until Cal-Am begins to use the water to supply its customers. [1]

Water Sources

The project will use a combination of the following water sources (list from the GWR Notice of Preparation (NOP)):[1]


Infrastructure

It will require the development of the following facilities (list adapted from the NOP):[1]

  • Source Water Conveyance Facilities: diversion and collection facilities, including pipelines and pump stations to convey source water to the new treatment facilities. Water sources to the treatment facility include: City of Salinas Treatment Plant water, Blanco Drain water, storm water from City of Salinas, effluent from the Regional Treatment Plant and Reclamation Ditch water,
  • Treatment Facilities: pretreatment facilities, a new Advanced Water Treatment Plant, and associated facilities at the existing Regional Treatment Plant site to filter and treat the source water,
  • Product Water Conveyance Facilities: pipelines, pump stations, and appurtenant facilities along one of two optional alignments to convey the treated water to the Seaside Basin, and
  • Replenishment/Recharge Facilities: pipelines, deep injection and shallow (vadose zone) wells, and backflush facilities to be located at one or both of two optional locations (coastal and/or inland recharge sites) within the Seaside Basin boundaries.

Laws, policies, & regulations

The development of Pure Water Monterey was subject to environmental laws and regulations by federal, state and local agencies. The project was be accountable to environmental review under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), and various permits were required.

CEQA

M1W prepared an Environmental Impact Report (EIR) in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). M1W produced the draft and final EIR (April 2016).[4] They also prepared a notice of preparation (NOP) of a supplemental EIR on May 15, 2019. They released the Draft supplemental EIR on November 7, 2019. Public Comment closed on January 31, 2020. [16]

Required permits

A number of permits were required in the construction of the project. The following table is adapted from the original Notice of Preparation (NOP) and lists the regulatory agencies as well as the permits required for project construction.

Federal Agencies
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Class V Underground Injection Control Program (Part C, Safe Drinking Water Act [SDWA])
Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS) Review and coordination of all RWQCB 404, Section 10, and NPDES permits
United States Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered Species Act compliance (ESA Section 7 consultation)
Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (16 USC 661‐667e; Act of March 10, 1934; ch. 55; 48 stat. 401)
National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Endangered Species Act compliance (ESA Section 7 consultation)
United States Army Corps of Engineers Nationwide Section 404 Permit (Clean Water Act, 33 USC 1341)
Section 10, Rivers and Harbors Act Permit (33 U.S.C. 403)
Federal Aviation Administration Form SF 7460‐1 Notice of Proposed Construction & Alteration for Airport Airspace Aeronautical
State Agencies
California Public Utilities Commission Coordination regarding the MPWSP Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity (Application No. 12‐04‐019)
State Water Resources Control Board, Regional Water Quality Control Board General Construction Activity Storm Water Permit (WQO 99‐08‐DWQ)
Water rights permit for development of new surface water diversions
Waste Discharge Requirements(Water Code 13000 et seq.)
401 Water Quality Certification (CWA Section 401)
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit (CWA Section 402)
California State Lands Commission Right‐of‐Way Permit (Land Use Lease)(California Public Resource Code Section 1900); Lease amendment
California Department of Fish and Wildlife Incidental Take Permits (CA Endangered Species Act Title 14, Section 783.2)
Streambed Alteration Agreement (California Fish and Game Code Section 1602)
California Coastal Commission Coastal Development Permit(Public Resources Code 30000 et seq.)
California Department of Public Health Permit to Operate a Public Water System (CaliforniaHealth and Safety Code Section 116525)
Approval for Recharge of Highly Treated Water
California Department of Transportation Encroachment Permit (Streets and Highway Code Section 660)
California State Historic Preservation Officer Section 106 Consultation, National Historic Preservation Act (16 USC 470)
California State University Monterey Bay Right of Way Agreements and/or Easements
Local Agencies
City of Salinas Electricity Power Purchase Agreement
Cities of Seaside and Marina, Sand City, Salinas (potential) Use Permits, encroachment/easement permits, grading permits and erosion control permits may be required pursuant to local city/County codes.
Fort Ord Reuse Authority Coordination with FORA for Right of Entry
Monterey Bay Unified Air Pollution Control District Authority To Construct (Local district rules, per Health and Safety Code 42300 et seq.) and Permit To Operate (Local district rules)
Monterey County Health Department, Environmental Health Division Well Construction Permit (MCC, Title 15 Chapter 15.08, Water Wells)
Hazardous Materials Business Plan (Health and Safety Code Chapter 6.95)
Hazardous Materials Inventory (Health and Safety Code Chapter 6.95)
Review of Discharges/WDR modifications
Variation on Monterey County Noise Ordinance (MCC 10.60.030)
Monterey County Public Works Department Encroachment Permit (Monterey County Code (MCC) Title 14 Chapter 14.040)
Monterey County Resource Management Agency Use Permit (MCC Chapter 21.72 Title 21)may be required pursuant to County codes.
Coastal Development Permit. (Public Resources Code 30000 et seq.)
Grading Permit (M.C.C., Grading and Erosion Control Ordinance, Chapter 16.08 – 16.12)
Erosion Control Permit (MCC, Grading and Erosion Control Ordinance, Chapter 16.08 – 16.12)
Monterey County Water Resources Agency Coordination/agreements for components within MCWRA‐controlled waterways and involving Castroville Seawater Intrusion Project and Salinas Valley Reclamation Project
Monterey Peninsula Water Management District Water System Expansion Permit (Monterey Peninsula Water Management District Board of Directors Ordinance 96)
Monterey Regional Waste Management District Electric Power Purchase Agreement
Seaside Basin Watermaster Permit for Injection/Extraction
Transportation Agency of Monterey County Easement
Water Agencies (other) Participation/purchase agreements
Private Entities
Landowners Land lease/sale; easements and encroachment agreements
California American Water Company (CalAm) Water purchase agreement with Monterey Peninsula Water Management District
PG&E Electric Power Will‐Serve Letter/Purchase Agreement

Resource goals

Water

  • Quantity: Pure Water Monterey provides a secure source of fresh, potable water for the Monterey Peninsula under regular and drought conditions.[8] Specifically, it will provide 3,500 acre-feet of tertiary-treated water to residents on the Monterey Peninsula, and 5,292 acre-feet per year for irrigation on Castroville-area crops during regular water years. [9]
  • Additionally, the it will raise Seaside Basin water levels.[8]
  • Seawater Intrusion: It will also decrease the risk of seawater intrusion into the Seaside Basin.[8]
  • Contamination: If injected water is not treated to set standards there could be potential groundwater contamination issues.

Energy

  • It will decrease the amount of water that must be obtained through desalination in the future. A resultant decrease in the amount of energy and greenhouse gas emissions from the desalination process is expected.[8]
  • In 2015, the draft EIR report for the Monterey Peninsula Water Supply Project quoting an increase of 550% in energy regarding desalination pumping and treatment. This increase corresponded to a smaller plant than currently planned in 2020.
  • The Monterey Peninsula Water Supply Project would consume more energy. Pure Water Monterey is a lower-energy alternative. [17]

Environment

  • Surface Water: The project will decrease the amount of water drawn from the Carmel River,[8] which provides important habitat for threatened steelhead trout.
  • Pollution: Pure Water Monterey will decrease the amount of treated wastewater, storm water run-off, and water from the Blanco drain and Reclamation ditch and that flow into the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary.

Future Projections

  • California’s climate is historically characterized by strings of drier, Mediterranean years with periodically-occurring years that are much wetter than average. These coincide with the El-Nino Southern Oscillation or the Pacific Decadal Oscillation in terms of annual precipitation. The wetter-than-average years inflate the average annual precipitation, which can be problematic if one is evaluating environmental policy by outlier years. Therefore, if this is not sufficiently calculated into future precipitation projections, environmental scientists may overestimate the amount of input into our surface and groundwater from rain. There is an MPWMD report that claims that Pure Water Monterey will adequately supply the Monterey Peninsula until 2043. [18]
  • There is an additional North Monterey County Drought Contingency report that says that as early as 2035, Pure Water Monterey alone will not be enough to supply the Peninsula's water demands. It asserts that the Monterey Peninsula Water Supply Project can provide a small surplus during normal and drought years. [19]

Stakeholders

Links

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Original GWR Notice of Proposal. GWR NOP
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Monterey One Water. Monterey Water Pollution Control Agency 2015 Memorandum, Published March 29, 2015. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
  3. Monterey One Water. [https://purewatermonterey.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/Notice-of-Availability-Draft-Supplimental-EIR-Dec-20-2019-Extension-of-Public-Review-Period.pdf REVISED NOTICE OF AVAILABILITY OF DRAFT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT FOR PUBLIC REVIEW], Published December 23, 2019. Retrieved April 8, 2020.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Previous GWR Website. Official GWR Website
  5. 5.0 5.1 Johnson, Jim. Pure Water Monterey Gets Final State Ok, Updated February 5th, 2020. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
  6. Renda, Matthew. Monterey Desalination Plant debated by California Coastal Commission. Published November 14, 2019. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
  7. Monterey Herald. Water Supply Project Monterey Herald May 2013
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 Cole, Jerry. The benefits of recycled water recharge to an over-drafted coastal groundwater basin
  9. 9.0 9.1 Pure Water Monterey. Pure Water Monterey in the News Updated 2020. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
  10. Johnson, Jim. Cal Am Water Bills to rise 79% for Monterey Peninsula, Published January 21, 2017. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
  11. Johnson, Jim. Central Coast Water Board Grants Recycling Project Basin Injection Permit, Published March 9, 2017. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
  12. Johnson, Jim. Pure Water Monterey hailed at May 2017 groundbreaking, challenges remain, Updated September 11, 2018. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
  13. Johnson, Jim.Pure Water Monterey Project Delays Continue, Updated September 16, 2019. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
  14. Johnson, Jim.Draft Environmental Study for Expansion Project Released Published Novemeber 7, 2019. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
  15. Johnson, Jim. Pure Water Monterey Expansion Environmental Study Review Extended Updated December 23, 2019. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
  16. Pure Water Monterey. Pure Water Monterey Website Updated 2020.
  17. Johnson, Jim. Desal Draft EIR: Project To Be Energy Intensive, Increase Emissions Updated September 11, 2018. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
  18. Johnson, Jim. Pure Water Monterey caps supplemental draft EIR Public Comment Updated February 7, 2020. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
  19. Monterey Peninsula Water Management District North Monterey County Drought Contingency Plan Published March 2019. Retrieved April 5, 2020.

Disclaimer

This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned coursework. It may not be accurate. It does not necessary reflect the opinion or policy of CSUMB, its staff, or students.