Difference between revisions of "Steelhead"
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<ref name="UCDavis">[http://sns.ucdavis.edu/index.php/salmon_and_steelhead_life UC Davis Salmon and Steelhead life history]</ref>]] | <ref name="UCDavis">[http://sns.ucdavis.edu/index.php/salmon_and_steelhead_life UC Davis Salmon and Steelhead life history]</ref>]] | ||
| − | Steelhead (''Oncorhynchus mykiss'') | + | Steelhead (''Oncorhynchus mykiss'') occupy many rivers and streams flowing into the Monterey Bay. ''O. mykiss'' are distinct among salmonid species because the are both facultativly anadromous and iteroparous. Anadromous fish are those that spend most of their life in the ocean and spawn in freshwater. Iteroparous fish are that can reproduce multiple times in their life. ''O. mykiss'' also have populations which reside in freshwater and are called rainbow trout. <ref name="Satt"> Satterthwaite WH, Beaks MP, Collins EM, Swank DR, Merz JE, Titus RG, Sogard SM, Mangel M. 2009. Steelhead life history on California's Central Coast: insights from a state-dependent model. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 138:532-548 </ref>. The photo to the right represents the life cycle of salmon and steelhead. |
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| + | ==Conservation== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Steelhead were first listed as "Threatened" under the [http://www.fws.gov/endangered/ Endangered Species Act] (ESA) in 1998 <ref> [http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=E08D U.S. Fish and Wildlife Species Profile: steelhead] </ref>. | ||
==Critical Habitat== | ==Critical Habitat== | ||
| − | + | Steelhead trout have designated [http://www.fws.gov/endangered/what-we-do/critical-habitats.html Critical Habitat] areas ranging from the Puget Sound to the Southern Coast of California. | |
== Steelhead Management Challenges == | == Steelhead Management Challenges == | ||
| + | |||
Steelhead emigration age, return age, and probability of repeat spawning are variable. There are 32 identified possible life history trajectories for Steelhead which presents a great challenge for managing the species <ref name="Thorpe"> Thorpe JE. 2007. Maturation responses of salmonids to changing developmental opportunities. Marine Ecology Progress Series 335:285-288 </ref>. Changes in freshwater conditions due to water management or climate change may alter demographic rates along with the current life history trajectories, sending fish on alternative trajectories with radically different demographic results <ref name="Satt"/>. | Steelhead emigration age, return age, and probability of repeat spawning are variable. There are 32 identified possible life history trajectories for Steelhead which presents a great challenge for managing the species <ref name="Thorpe"> Thorpe JE. 2007. Maturation responses of salmonids to changing developmental opportunities. Marine Ecology Progress Series 335:285-288 </ref>. Changes in freshwater conditions due to water management or climate change may alter demographic rates along with the current life history trajectories, sending fish on alternative trajectories with radically different demographic results <ref name="Satt"/>. | ||
Revision as of 16:58, 25 March 2014
Contents
Steelhead Life History
Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) occupy many rivers and streams flowing into the Monterey Bay. O. mykiss are distinct among salmonid species because the are both facultativly anadromous and iteroparous. Anadromous fish are those that spend most of their life in the ocean and spawn in freshwater. Iteroparous fish are that can reproduce multiple times in their life. O. mykiss also have populations which reside in freshwater and are called rainbow trout. [2]. The photo to the right represents the life cycle of salmon and steelhead.
Conservation
Steelhead were first listed as "Threatened" under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in 1998 [3].
Critical Habitat
Steelhead trout have designated Critical Habitat areas ranging from the Puget Sound to the Southern Coast of California.
Steelhead Management Challenges
Steelhead emigration age, return age, and probability of repeat spawning are variable. There are 32 identified possible life history trajectories for Steelhead which presents a great challenge for managing the species [4]. Changes in freshwater conditions due to water management or climate change may alter demographic rates along with the current life history trajectories, sending fish on alternative trajectories with radically different demographic results [2].
Links
Steelhead in the Salinas Watershed
Steelhead in the Monterey Bay Region
Steelhead Management in the Monterey Bay Region
References
- ↑ UC Davis Salmon and Steelhead life history
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Satterthwaite WH, Beaks MP, Collins EM, Swank DR, Merz JE, Titus RG, Sogard SM, Mangel M. 2009. Steelhead life history on California's Central Coast: insights from a state-dependent model. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 138:532-548
- ↑ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Species Profile: steelhead
- ↑ Thorpe JE. 2007. Maturation responses of salmonids to changing developmental opportunities. Marine Ecology Progress Series 335:285-288
Disclaimer
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned coursework. It may not be accurate. It does not necessary reflect the opinion or policy of CSUMB, its staff, or students.
