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| − | A [[Watershed Issues|watershed-related issue]] examined by the [http://sep.csumb.edu/wiki/index.php/ENVS_560/L_Watershed_Systems ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB].
| + | #REDIRECT[[Steelhead Management in the Monterey Bay Region]] |
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| − | == Notice ==
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| − | This page is a work in progress started on Thursday, March 29th 2012. Many changes are expected in the coming weeks.
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| − | == Summary of Steelhead ==
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| − | Steelhead Salmon (''Oncorhynchus mykiss'') in the Monterey Bay Region are listed as "Threatened" by the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and occupy many rivers and streams flowing into the Monterey Bay. ''O. mykiss'' are distinct among salmon species because the are both facultativly anadromous and iteroparous. Both resident (rainbow trout) and anadromous (Steelhead) forms exist, and both have the potential to spawn repeatedly (Satterthwaite 2009). PICTURE.
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| − | == Steelhead Management Challenges ==
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| − | There is great variability in age of Steelhead emigration and return age, along with the probability of repeat spawning. There are 32 identified possible life history trajectories for Steelhead which presents a great challenge for managing the species (Thorpe 2007). Changes in freshwater conditions due to water management or climate change may alter demographic rates along with the current life history trajectories, sending fish on alternative trajectories with radically different demographic results (Satterthwaite 2009).
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| − | == Habitat in the Monterey Bay Region ==
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| − | The Monterey Bay, located on the Central Coast of California, is the centerpiece of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. MAP. Steelhead in the Monerey Bay Region are of particular interest for several reasons. These fish are near the southern limit of the species range, and face environmental conditions quite distinct from Northern California populations. The Mediterranean climate of the Monterey Bay Region results in temperatures that are typically higher than those found to the north, with mild winters and productive high-flow springs supporting the highest growth rates (Hayes 2008). In contrast, rainfall and stream-flow are low during the summer and fall, limiting growth rates. The small coastal streams of the Monterey Bay frequently feature sand-bar closed estuaries during low-flow periods that may provide ideal nursery habitat for smolts (Bond 2008, Hayes 2008), but also constrain potential emigration and return dates to when stream-flow is high enough to breach the sandbar (Satterthwaite 2009).
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| − | == Steelhead Management Challenges in the Monterey Bay Region ==
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| − | The Monterey Bay Region is comprised of two Distinct Population Segments (DPSs), designated by two Environmentally Significant Units (ESUs). The Central California Coast Section extends from the Russian River (inclusive)south to Aptos Creek (inclusive), and the South Central California Coast Section extends south from the Pajaro River (inclusive) to the Santa Maria River (exclusive), effectively splitting the Monterey Bay in half. Both ESUs are currently designated as "Threatened" under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), and both DPSs are currently designated as "Critical Habitat" for Steelhead.
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| − | == Resource/s at stake ==
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| − | Recreational and commercial fishing, diversity, ecosystem, marine derived nutrients
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| − | == Stakeholders ==
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| − | Recreational and commercial fishermen, NOAA/NMFS, CDF&G, MBSTP, CalFish, FishNet 4C, MCWRA, SWRCB
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| − | == Laws, policies, & regulations ==
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| − | ESA, NOAA Action Plans,
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| − | == Systems ==
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| − | Marine/Terrestrial interaction
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| − | == Science ==
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| − | NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC, MBSTP, FISHBIO
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| − | == References ==
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| − | ...Proust, M. 1901. Poetica nausea. ''J. Nauseum''. pp 1-9999.
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| − | == Links ==
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| − | *[http://www.noaa.gov/ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]
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| − | *[http://www.nwr.noaa.gov/ESA-Salmon-Listings/Salmon-Populations/Steelhead/Index.cfm Steelhead ESA Listings]
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| − | *[http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA/NMFS)]
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| − | *[http://swfsc.noaa.gov/ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center (NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC)]
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| − | *[http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NOAA/NMFS/NWFSC)]
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| − | *[http://mbstp.org/ Monterey Bay Salmon and Trout Project (MBSTP)]
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| − | *[http://www.fishnet4c.org/counties_monterey.html FishNet 4C]
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| − | *[http://fishbio.com/ FISHBIO]
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| − | *[http://www.calfish.org/ CalFish]
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| − | *[http://www.dfg.ca.gov/ California Department of Fish and Game (CDF&G)]
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| − | *[http://www.mcwra.co.monterey.ca.us/ Monterey County Water Resources Agency (MCWRA)]
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| − | *[http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/centralcoast/ State Water Resources Control Board, Central Coast Section (SWRCB/CCS)]
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| − | == Disclaimer ==
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| − | This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned coursework. It may not be accurate. It does not necessary reflect the opinion or policy of [[CSUMB]], its staff, or students.
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