Difference between revisions of "Urban stormwater management in the City of Santa Cruz"

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[[Image:Aerial view - Santa Cruz CA.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Arial view of Santa Cruz, California]]
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[[Image:Aerial view - Santa Cruz CA.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Aerial view of Santa Cruz, California]]
 
=Summary=
 
=Summary=
  
The [[City of Santa Cruz]] created a Storm Water Management Program (SWMP) in 2009 and revised it in 2010. The purpose of the SWMP is to manage and reduce the amount of pollutants discharged in urban runoff to reduce the level of pollutants and contaminants entering the [[Monterey Bay]] and bodies of water within the [[San Lorenzo River watershed]]<ref name = "SWMP"> [http://www.cityofsantacruz.com/index.aspx?page=735 City of Santa Cruz Storm Water Management Plan 2009] </ref>.
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The [[City of Santa Cruz]] created a Storm Water Management Program (SWMP) in 2009 and revised it in 2010. The purpose of SWMP is to manage and reduce the amount of pollutants discharged in urban runoff to reduce the level of contaminants entering the [[Monterey Bay]] and waters within the [[San Lorenzo River watershed]]<ref name = "SWMP"> [http://www.cityofsantacruz.com/index.aspx?page=735 City of Santa Cruz Storm Water Management Plan 2009] </ref>.
  
 
=Regulatory Background=
 
=Regulatory Background=
The City of Santa Cruz is required to manage stormwater and the discharge of pollutants under several federal, state and local laws and regulatory agencies.  
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The City of Santa Cruz is required to manage stormwater and the discharge of pollutants under several federal, state and local laws and regulatory agencies. See [[Urban stormwater regulations applicable to central coast region]] for information regarding stormwater management and legislation for the region. Additional agencies responsible for water quality within Santa Cruz include: [[County of Santa Cruz]], [[California Department of Parks]], [[California Department of Fish and Wildlife]], [[California Coastal Commission]], [[California Regional Water Quality Control Board]], [[California Environmental Protection Agency]], [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]], and the [[Environmental Protection Agency]] <ref name = "SWMP" />. 
  
 
==Federal==
 
==Federal==
The City of Santa Cruz developed SWMP in compliance with the Phase II [[NPDES|National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)]] permit program. SWMP was prepared by the City of Santa Cruz for the [[SWRCB|California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB)]] - the state agency that administers the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program under the 1972 [[Clean Water Act|Clean Water Act (CWA)]].
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The City of Santa Cruz developed SWMP in compliance with the Phase II [[NPDES|National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)]] permit program. [[SWRCB|California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB)]] is the the state agency that administers the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program under the 1972 [[Clean Water Act|Clean Water Act (CWA)]].
  
In addition, '''Endangered Species Act (ESA)''' regulations apply to the population of [http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/fish/steelheadtrout.htm steelhead (''Oncorhynchus mykiss'')] present in the San Lorenzo River in Santa Cruz <ref> [http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=E08D U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: Species Profile] </ref>. The ESA prohibits the impairment of habitats that contain endangered or threatened species <ref> [http://www.fws.gov/endangered/laws-policies/ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: Endangered Species Program] </ref>.
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In addition, Endangered Species Act (ESA) regulations apply to the population of [[steelhead]] ''Oncorhynchus mykiss'' present in the San Lorenzo River in Santa Cruz <ref> [http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=E08D U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: Species Profile] </ref>. The ESA prohibits the impairment of habitats that contain endangered or threatened species <ref> [http://www.fws.gov/endangered/laws-policies/ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: Endangered Species Program] </ref>.
  
 
==State==
 
==State==
The City of Santa Cruz currently operates under the State of California's General Permit for Storm Water Discharges from Small Municipal Storm Sewer Systems (MS4s). The city is required to develop and implement a Storm Water Management Plan (SWMP), and submit annual reports to the Central Coast Water Quality Control Board that summarize the city's SWMP implementation measures <ref> [http://www.cityofsantacruz.com/index.aspx?page=1888 Storm Water Annual Report 2012] </ref>. See [[Urban stormwater regulations applicable to central coast region]] and [[Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board (CCRWQCB)]] pages for specific information regarding stormwater management and legislation for this part of the state.
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The City of Santa Cruz currently operates under the State of California's General Permit for Storm Water Discharges from Small Municipal Storm Sewer Systems (MS4s). The city is required to develop and implement a Storm Water Management Plan (SWMP), and submit annual reports to the Central Coast Water Quality Control Board that summarize the city's SWMP implementation measures <ref> [http://www.cityofsantacruz.com/index.aspx?page=1888 Storm Water Annual Report 2012] </ref>. See [[Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board (CCRWQCB)]] pages for information regarding stormwater management and legislation for this part of the state.
  
 
==Local==
 
==Local==
'''Santa Cruz County Code'''
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Santa Cruz County Code [http://www.codepublishing.com/ca/santacruzcounty/ Chapter 7.79] controls runoff and pollution to,  "protect the health, safety, and welfare of the public by protecting the surface and groundwater quality, groundwater recharge, beneficial uses, marine habitats, watershed health, and ecosystems of the receiving waters of the County, including the Monterey Bay, from discharge of pollutants and the adverse effects of hydromodification<ref> [http://www.codepublishing.com/ca/santacruzcounty/] </ref>."
*[http://www.codepublishing.com/ca/santacruzcounty/ Chapter 7.79: Runoff and Pollution Control]
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=Resources at Stake=
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=Potentially Impacted Water=
'''San Lorenzo Watershed'''
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Stormwater discharge is regulated to protect two receiving water bodies in the City of Santa Cruz:
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*[[San Lorenzo River watershed]]
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*[[Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary]]
  
The San Lorenzo River [[watershed]] drains 138 square miles in Santa Cruz, CA. The headwaters originate in the Santa Cruz Mountains and the river flows through the San Lorenzo Valley and the City of Santa Cruz to the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary and the Pacific Ocean. The San Lorenzo River is 29 miles long. The River Provides aquatic habitat for a number of plant and animal species of concerns.
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=Sources of Urban Runoff Pollution=
 
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The entire city lies within the river’s watershed and receives runoff from areas outside of its jurisdiction. Additional agencies responsible for water quality within the watershed including in and outside of the City boundaries include: County of Santa Cruz, California Department of Parks, California Department of Fish and Game, California Coastal Commission, California Regional Water Quality Control Board, California Environmental Protection Agency, National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, and the Environmental Protection Agency<ref name = "SWMP" />. 
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The SWMP identifies five sub-watersheds within the San Lorenzo Watershed:
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* Moore Creek
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* Westside
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* Neary Lagoon
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* San Lorenzo River
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* Arana Gulch
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'''Sources of Urban Runoff Pollution'''
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The significant sources of urban runoff pollution identified by the City are:
 
The significant sources of urban runoff pollution identified by the City are:
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=Stormwater Management Plan=
 
=Stormwater Management Plan=
The [http://www.cityofsantacruz.com/index.aspx?page=735 the current, 2010 Revised Plan] (as of Mar. 2014) created a stormwater management utility, best management practices and a UCSC stormwater management plan.  
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The [http://www.cityofsantacruz.com/index.aspx?page=735 current, 2010 Revised Plan] (as of Mar. 2014) created a stormwater management utility, best management practices and a UCSC stormwater management plan.  
  
The City of Santa Cruz must submit yearly annual reports:  
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Additionally, the City of Santa Cruz must submit yearly annual reports:  
 
*[http://www.cityofsantacruz.com/index.aspx?page=1888 Year 3 (2012) Annual Report]
 
*[http://www.cityofsantacruz.com/index.aspx?page=1888 Year 3 (2012) Annual Report]
 
*[http://www.cityofsantacruz.com/index.aspx?page=1697 Year 2 (2011) Annual Report]
 
*[http://www.cityofsantacruz.com/index.aspx?page=1697 Year 2 (2011) Annual Report]
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==Stormwater Management Utility==
 
==Stormwater Management Utility==
The Management Utility was created by the city to establish utility fees to help pay for the City's share of costs for flood control projects and stormwater pollution prevention. Federal, state and city governments will share the cost of implementing the San Lorenzo Flood Control Project, estimated to cost over $66 million. Approximately $4.4 million of the total costs will be covered by the city of Santa Cruz. These costs include the reconstruction of four bridges, levee raising, river landscaping, and the Laurel Street Extension/Third Avenue Riverbank Stabilization Project. Estimated costs for stormwater pollution abatement are over $650,000 per year.<ref> [http://www.cityofsantacruz.com/index.aspx?page=141 Stormwater Management Utility] </ref>  
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The Stormwater Management Utility created by the city establishes utility fees to pay for flood control projects and stormwater pollution prevention. Federal, state and city governments share the cost of implementing the [[San Lorenzo River Flood Control and Restoration Improvement Project]], estimated to cost over $66 million. Approximately $4.4 million of the total costs will be covered by the city of Santa Cruz. Costs include the reconstruction of four bridges, raising levees, river landscaping, and the Laurel Street Extension/Third Avenue Riverbank Stabilization Project. Estimated costs for stormwater pollution abatement are over $650,000 per year.<ref> [http://www.cityofsantacruz.com/index.aspx?page=141 Stormwater Management Utility] </ref>  
 
A [http://www.codepublishing.com/CA/SantaCruz/html/SantaCruz16/SantaCruz1619.html#16.19 Stormwater Ordinance] was created in order to establish standards and programs that would improve stormwater system maintenance, monitor pollutants in stormwater, and provide information and educational activities for the community.
 
A [http://www.codepublishing.com/CA/SantaCruz/html/SantaCruz16/SantaCruz1619.html#16.19 Stormwater Ordinance] was created in order to establish standards and programs that would improve stormwater system maintenance, monitor pollutants in stormwater, and provide information and educational activities for the community.
  
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==University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) Stormwater Management Plan==
 
==University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) Stormwater Management Plan==
 
The [https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:AXlH9Weaxa4J:www.waterboards.ca.gov/centralcoast/water_issues/programs/stormwater/muni_phase2/non_traditional_ms4/ucsc/swmp/ucsc_swmp.pdf+&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgmUkxYWICTo1IjESWH5vTjDPBuJJFUuoh3-ONBuJCyWpBtWapD_ZqnOUaksAJtnwgMKZrcwq-MWYbPfpAloLEO_Weo1uVeWtonJ3iIvpaA3e5AokM_t0whqok_UDzIeq-rXUaC&sig=AHIEtbTCQ2qWFr7gYUMB2QTLTb61TwMJfg UCSC Stormwater Management Plan] covers UC Santa Cruz’s main campus and its off-site facilities located in urban areas of Santa Cruz.
 
The [https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:AXlH9Weaxa4J:www.waterboards.ca.gov/centralcoast/water_issues/programs/stormwater/muni_phase2/non_traditional_ms4/ucsc/swmp/ucsc_swmp.pdf+&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgmUkxYWICTo1IjESWH5vTjDPBuJJFUuoh3-ONBuJCyWpBtWapD_ZqnOUaksAJtnwgMKZrcwq-MWYbPfpAloLEO_Weo1uVeWtonJ3iIvpaA3e5AokM_t0whqok_UDzIeq-rXUaC&sig=AHIEtbTCQ2qWFr7gYUMB2QTLTb61TwMJfg UCSC Stormwater Management Plan] covers UC Santa Cruz’s main campus and its off-site facilities located in urban areas of Santa Cruz.
 
=San Lorenzo River Flood Control and Restoration Improvement Project=
 
Since 1978, the CIty of Santa Cruz has been working on improving the flood capacity of the San Lorenzo River levees, costing them $1.1 million with an additional $20 million funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers <ref name = "SCMU"> [http://www.cityofsantacruz.com/index.aspx?page=141 City of Santa Cruz Management Utility] </ref>. The improvements include raising the height of the levee from one to five feet, depending on location, and restore the riparian habitat along with levees. Since the first phase of levee improvements enabled increased flood protection, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has granted the project a [http://www.fema.gov/floodplain-management/zone-a99 A-99] flood zone designation. The primary goal of the project is reduce potential damage within the City's 100-year floodplain which include 1600 parcels and are estimated to cost $86 million if damaged <ref name = "SCMU"/>.
 
 
Phases and funding for the project include:
 
*Phase 1
 
**Began in August, 1999.
 
**$4.8 million in the Fiscal Year 2000 federal budget
 
**Includes section from Highway 1 to Water Street and Soquel Avenue Bridge to Riverside Bridge
 
*Phase 2
 
**Began in the fall of 2000
 
**State Legislature in 2000 authorized State assistance to the project, covering a large percentage of the City's required share of the Corps' potion of the project.
 
**Includes replacement of the Riverside Avenue Bridge, the northern two lanes of Water Street Bridge, the SOquel Avenue Bridge, and retrofit of the Broadway/Laurel Bridge. All new structures allow a less obstructed flow of flow waters.
 
*Phase 3
 
**Laurel Street Extension/Third Street Riverbank Stabilization through construction of a natural rock form wall along this section of the river. Vegetation will be planted along toe of this wall, providing additional habitat for wildlife.
 
**Cost $6.2 million after federal and state assistance of $120,000
 
  
 
=Stakeholders=
 
=Stakeholders=
 
* [http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/ California State Water Resources Control Board]
 
* [http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/ California State Water Resources Control Board]
 
* [http://montereybay.noaa.gov/ Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary]
 
* [http://montereybay.noaa.gov/ Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary]
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* [City of Santa Cruz]
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* [County of Santa Cruz]
  
 
=References=
 
=References=

Latest revision as of 09:15, 28 February 2021

Aerial view of Santa Cruz, California

Summary

The City of Santa Cruz created a Storm Water Management Program (SWMP) in 2009 and revised it in 2010. The purpose of SWMP is to manage and reduce the amount of pollutants discharged in urban runoff to reduce the level of contaminants entering the Monterey Bay and waters within the San Lorenzo River watershed[1].

Regulatory Background

The City of Santa Cruz is required to manage stormwater and the discharge of pollutants under several federal, state and local laws and regulatory agencies. See Urban stormwater regulations applicable to central coast region for information regarding stormwater management and legislation for the region. Additional agencies responsible for water quality within Santa Cruz include: County of Santa Cruz, California Department of Parks, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, California Coastal Commission, California Regional Water Quality Control Board, California Environmental Protection Agency, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the Environmental Protection Agency [1].

Federal

The City of Santa Cruz developed SWMP in compliance with the Phase II National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program. California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) is the the state agency that administers the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program under the 1972 Clean Water Act (CWA).

In addition, Endangered Species Act (ESA) regulations apply to the population of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss present in the San Lorenzo River in Santa Cruz [2]. The ESA prohibits the impairment of habitats that contain endangered or threatened species [3].

State

The City of Santa Cruz currently operates under the State of California's General Permit for Storm Water Discharges from Small Municipal Storm Sewer Systems (MS4s). The city is required to develop and implement a Storm Water Management Plan (SWMP), and submit annual reports to the Central Coast Water Quality Control Board that summarize the city's SWMP implementation measures [4]. See Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board (CCRWQCB) pages for information regarding stormwater management and legislation for this part of the state.

Local

Santa Cruz County Code Chapter 7.79 controls runoff and pollution to, "protect the health, safety, and welfare of the public by protecting the surface and groundwater quality, groundwater recharge, beneficial uses, marine habitats, watershed health, and ecosystems of the receiving waters of the County, including the Monterey Bay, from discharge of pollutants and the adverse effects of hydromodification[5]."

Potentially Impacted Water

Stormwater discharge is regulated to protect two receiving water bodies in the City of Santa Cruz:

Sources of Urban Runoff Pollution

The significant sources of urban runoff pollution identified by the City are:

  • Industrial Facilities: Industrial chemical processes; chemical and waste storage; fleet maintenance and vehicle washing; and landscaping.
  • Commercial businesses including food and vehicle service facilities: vehicle and equipment maintenance; food processing; vehicle washing; landscaping; and chemical and waste storage.
  • Residential dwellings: vehicle washing; home vehicle repair; home painting and construction projects; chemical and waste storage; pet waste; and landscaping.
  • Construction and remodeling projects: grading; vegetation removal; concrete washout; vehicle and equipment fluids; landscaping; and material and waste storage.
  • Municipal sewer system and private sewer laterals: exfiltration from leaking, cracked, and debilitated pipelines; and overflows from blocked pipelines.

Stormwater Management Plan

The current, 2010 Revised Plan (as of Mar. 2014) created a stormwater management utility, best management practices and a UCSC stormwater management plan.

Additionally, the City of Santa Cruz must submit yearly annual reports:

Stormwater Management Utility

The Stormwater Management Utility created by the city establishes utility fees to pay for flood control projects and stormwater pollution prevention. Federal, state and city governments share the cost of implementing the San Lorenzo River Flood Control and Restoration Improvement Project, estimated to cost over $66 million. Approximately $4.4 million of the total costs will be covered by the city of Santa Cruz. Costs include the reconstruction of four bridges, raising levees, river landscaping, and the Laurel Street Extension/Third Avenue Riverbank Stabilization Project. Estimated costs for stormwater pollution abatement are over $650,000 per year.[6] A Stormwater Ordinance was created in order to establish standards and programs that would improve stormwater system maintenance, monitor pollutants in stormwater, and provide information and educational activities for the community.

Management Strategies

Best management practices for specific areas such as retail, industrial, and construction activities are being developed and implemented. These activities support the goal of the City to minimize the pollutants from the City storm drain system entering Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. Stormwater utility fees and Clean River, Beaches and Ocean tax funds will pay for these activities.

The following lists Santa Cruz's Best Management Practices (BMPs) for stormwater runoff, as listed by the Santa Cruz SWMP of 2009 [1].

University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) Stormwater Management Plan

The UCSC Stormwater Management Plan covers UC Santa Cruz’s main campus and its off-site facilities located in urban areas of Santa Cruz.

Stakeholders

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 City of Santa Cruz Storm Water Management Plan 2009
  2. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: Species Profile
  3. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: Endangered Species Program
  4. Storm Water Annual Report 2012
  5. [1]
  6. Stormwater Management Utility

Links

Disclaimer

This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned coursework. It may not be accurate. It does not necessary reflect the opinion or policy of CSUMB, its staff, or students.