Tarsier journal: Carmel Watershed

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This page is intended to record a journal of data processing and analysis steps take by various folks in the Carmel Watershed using Tarsier. Its half scratch-pad, and half-tutorial.

Goals

  • To create a watershed simulating runoff of water, sediment and nutrients for the Carmel Watershed.
  • To create a vizualization of the watershed model

Tasks

  1. Fix non-resposiveness in section view of the net data view - goal deadline September 5th - COMPLETE
  2. Fix runoff scale problem in net data view and in 3D Renderer view - goal deadline September 14th
  3. Improve model responsiveness to parameter adjustments - goal deadline October 2009
  4. Replace precipitation series to more accurately represent the Carmel Watershed - goal deadline ASAP
  5. Create a bucket style parameter to represent the shallow aquifer in the lower watershed - goal deadline November 2009

Obtaining a DEM

  • Follow steps in Tarsier tutorial: Raster data and Tarsier tutorial: Raster resampler
    • Select a 1/3" NED DEM i.e. about 10 meters.
    • Select ArcGRID
    • Download data in GridFloat format
    • Out of date? See below
      • Change extension of main file from .flt to .raw
      • Open .raw file in Tarier, use the .hdr file to fill in properties
    • Open .flt file directly within Tarsier
    • Save as Tarsier raster .tra
    • Convert raster from lat/long to UTM using raster re sampler
      • Created a template for the resample 
Columns: 5500, Rows: 3300, XLL corner: 591800, YLL corner: 4015400, cell width: 10m, cell height: 10m
Cropped the raster to a Northing of 4048000 and a Easting of 636500
    • Grew out all non-data
    • Replaced values of 0 to NoData(-9999)

Creating a HydroDEM that can be used for the watershed model

  • Get rid of unnecessary landscape outside the watershed that do no need to be filled
    • Create a raster with cell values of zero inside watershed and -9999 outside watershed
      • not a detailed outline. just get rid of big chunks.
    • Stamp the "mask" type raster onto the watershed raster
      • menu > raster > tools > stamp
  • Use course pit filled diffDEM (0.1m fill amount) to find pits in watershed DEM
  • Manually bust the dams that caused the pits
    • Use extreme caution when manually changing the value of raster cells, maintain integrity of the data.
    • In Tarsier use "draw" tool to change cell values
      • determine and set desired value of cell: menu > raster > drawing > Drawing value
      • enable drawing tool: menu > raster > drawing > RasterEnableDrawingAction
      • double-click on the first cell in the line (the cell will not change value yet)
      • double-click on the last cell of the line (all cells between the two clicked cells will change to set value) 
 warning: no undo feature
 Warning: disable the drawing action when not using it as a precaution
    • Pits in the hills
      • determine the nature of the pit
      • consult a satellite image using Google Earth
      • determine the most natural direction for water to flow out of pit
      • cut a drainage channel from the bottom of the pit to an adjacent hill slope
    • Pits in the river channel
      • it is most likely that only a few cell values need be changed, and only by centimeters
      • zoom in on pit to see individual cells
      • change color scheme to comprise only visible cell values
      • adjust as few values as possible such that every cell has an adjacent cell with a lower value 
 make as few changes as possible. focus on key spots, think about how the manual changes will affect the effectiveness of the auto pit filler.
    • Dams
      • no surprises here
      • bust a small hole in the dam
      • use an elevation less then the reservoir and more than the downstream channel
  • Record changes
    • log location of filled pits in UTM
    • log elevation changed to and from
    • do a raster subtraction of original DEM and hydroDEM


Creating a Visualization of the Watershed

  • Follow steps in Tarsier tutorial: Renderer, Adding Agents, Tarsier tutorial: Simple fly-through and Tarsier: Importing shapefiles
    • Open a renderer veiw
    • Open Carmel 10m raster as well was terrain file made following renderer tutorial
    • Explore the terrain using the flight keys
    • Add cams to make a simple flight of what was thought to be whole length of the Carmel River
    • Add label agents and realize the flight began in Cachagua Creek instead of the Carmel River... Oops.
    • Redo the flight to follow the Carmel River
    • Adjust the ins and outs of the cams to make the flight smother (this trick is not found on the flight wiki page yet... ill do that soon)<- DONE
    • Use a more aesthetic color scheme (maybe make a tutorial on making and saving color schemes?)<-DONE
    • Adjust the timing of the flight to be under a minute
    • Record the flight, view the flight and make necessary changes
    • Add vector data representing water in the channel
      • I used Arc to make the vector data because I did not know how to do it in Tarsier


Dam buster / Pit filler form

    • Ran a pit filler for 10m Carmel Watershed raster
      • Open 10m raster in DEM usee control
      • Keep default settings
      • Click "Init"
      • Click "Mark pits"
      • View and save HydroDEM, DiffDEM and Working DEM 
Course run to find pits
fill amount: 0.1m
run time: 10 hours

Run for a good hydroDEM
fill amount: 0.005m
Passes: 3056
Run Time: less than 24 hrs
        • By the way, if you get sick of waiting, you can re-click the "Fill pits" button to pause it. From there, you can save everything, close Tarsier, re-open later, and keep filling.
    • Obtained and saved a filled raster
    • Use the difference raster to see what was filled, and by how much.
      • Course run: There were a few spots within the channel that filled up to over 2m. The Los Padres and San Clemente reservoirs filled up to around 5m. There were some random spots in the hills of the watershed that filled up to more than 8m.
      • Good run: The difference DEM appears almost blank at first glance. When looked at closely it has small marks all over, but most fills were well under 1 meter.

Watershed form

    • I ran some calculations with my filled DEM even though I will most likely make a better filled DEM at a later time
      • Input gauge sites (probably a futile step at this point)
        • Find USGS gauge stations online
        • Convert lat/long coordinates for gauge stations to UTM
        • View and save sites data from "Gauges sites" usee control
        • Enter USGS gauge site information
      • Input DEM
        • Go to "Input tab"
        • Input Filled raster from Pit filler form calculation in HydroDEM usee control
      • Ptr
        • Go to "stream tab"
        • Click "Calc Ptr"
        • View and save Ptr raster
      • Stream Calculation
        • Does threshold make sense? Yes, Used 100km^2 for this calculation
        • Click "Calc stream" button
        • View and save rasters
        • Stream raster... Very cool!
      • Basin/watershed calculation
        • Go to "Basin" tab
        • Click "Add all outlets to starting points"
        • Click "Calc basins from all starting points" (probably should have selected only Carmel River starting point)
        • View and save rasters
      • Network
        • View and save Network data (.tne) from "Net data" usee control
      • Landscape
        • Assign each cell a number corresponding to certain landscape characteristics
        • Just to get it up and running, assign each cell a value of "1"
        • Create a matching raster entirely of value "1"
          • Raster -> Algebra -> Constant -> 1
        • Open raster in "Landscape Raster:"
        • Click "Calc landscape stats"
        • Click "Add NetData Landscape Stats" 
Now the network data has landscape statistics associated with it
      • Stream order calculation
        • Tried Strahler... did not work
        • Tried Shreve... did not work
        • What data does the tool use to calculate this? Stream raster? Stream network?
      • Centroids
        • Click "Calc centroids"
        • Nothing... Maybe I was not patient enough
    • I was able to get a ptr raster, a net ptr raster, an upslope area raster, a stream raster, a code raster, a catch raster, an scatch raster and river network data. I could not successfully get catchment centroids data.

Marmoset

  • Open Marmoset
    • File -> New -> Model Views -> Marmoset model view
  • Under the Usees tab open Net data from the Watershed form and any Precipitation time series
  • Under the Control tab click "Match ModelTime to Precip series"
  • view Net (.tne) data
  • Under Geomorphology tab
    • check "Use full geometry?"
    • click "Estimate channel geometry"
  • view precipitation series
  • view "Model time"
  • view some discharge time series data
    • right click on a node in the Network data
    • "view flow series"
  • View some other useful series'
    • right click on a node or link in the Network data
    • "view sediment series"
    • "view total N/P series"
  • Sensitivity analysis
    • Run Marmoset using the "Runoff Coefficient" model
    • Change the runoff coefficient between expected high and low values (low: 0, high: 1)
      • Analyse the resulting change
      • The difference in simulated runoff at the root node and at node 178 between a runoff coefficient of 0 and 1 is negligible.
    • Change the Percolation Coefficient between expected high and low values (low: 0, high: 1)
      • Analyse the resulting change
      • The change in discharge as a function of the percolation coefficient is has a negative slope which decreases at some rate during an event until some critical point close to maximum flow at which time the slope decreases at a very high rate for a brief amount of time then decreases at a lower rate until the end of the event.
  • Try the Marmoshed model oprion
    • At the "Watershed models" tab change option from Runoff Coefficient to Marmoshed model
    • Landscape information needed.
      • Open table data for the Landscape parameters Usee
      • Add record
      • Change field zero (Landscape field) to 1
      • Adjust fields to see how they affect the model
    • Real landscape information needed
      • Obtain landscape use raster for the central coast from 560 class website
      • Redo the "Calc landscape stats" and "Add NetData Landscape Stats" steps in watershed form
      • Add new network data to Marmoset
      • Add records to table data for all land use types and change fields to raster values

Visualizing the Marmoset output

  • Open up watershed fly-through in the same Tarsier window as Marmoset
  • Under "Net" tab open up the network data from marmoset
  • Turn off auto playback for cams
  • Aim the camera at where you want to see water flowing
  • Run model


Links

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