Difference between revisions of "Monterey Pine Forest"
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A [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|organizational summary]], by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB]. | A [[Organizations involved in the management of California's Central Coast Region|organizational summary]], by the [[ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems]] class at [http://csumb.edu CSUMB]. | ||
− | [[File:radiata11.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Immature Monterey pine cones]] | + | [[File:radiata11.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Immature Monterey pine cones. Image [https://www.conifers.org/pi/Pinus_radiata.php Conifers.org]]] |
==Monterey pine forest description== | ==Monterey pine forest description== |
Revision as of 22:59, 1 April 2019
A organizational summary, by the ENVS 560/L Watershed Systems class at CSUMB.
Contents
Monterey pine forest description
- Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) is native to closed-cone coniferous forest within three distinct coastal areas in Central California. The Monterey pine is an evergreen conifer growing to heighs between 15 and 30 meters, with needles mostly 8-15 centimeters long and generally in bundles of three[1]. It's cones are asymmetrical, remain attached to branches for years, and often open in response to fire or high temperatures [2].
- Monterey pine forest occurs within low elevations that are subject to marine climate influences and common are associated with sediments of marine origin. Soils in Monterey pine forest are often acidic with a distinct clay layer.[3].
Locations of interest
- Monterey pines are limited in occurrence. They are known from Monterey County (Monterey Peninsula), Santa Cruz/San Mateo County (Ano Nuevo) and San Luis Obispo County (Cambria).
- Monterey pines are also known from two island populations off the coast of Baja California, Mexico: Isla Cedros and Isla Guadelupe[4]
Resources at stake
1. Monterey pine forest is a unique forest community that supports a variety of sensitive plant species, besides Monterey pine (a CNPS 1B.1 species) itself. The California Natural Diversity Database lists:
- Hickman's onion (Allium hickmanii) (CNPS 1B.1)
- Hooker's manzanita (Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp. hookeri) (CNPS 1B.2)
- Pajaro manzanita (Arctostaphylos pajaroensis) (CNPS 1B.1)
- Sandmat manzanita (Arctostaphylos pumila) (CNPS 1B.2)
- Monterey cypress (Hesperocyparis macrocarpa) (CNPS 1B.2)
- Yadon's rein orchid (Piperia yadonii) (Federal endangered, CNPS 1B.1)
- Hickman's cinquefoil (Potentilla hickmanii) (Federal endangered, State endangered, CNPS 1B.1)
- Pine rose (Rosa pinetorum) (CNPS 1B.2)
2. Monarch butterflies use Monterey pines as overwintering locations, as seen in Pacific Grove, Monterey, California [5].
3.
Current protection plans
- 275 acres of Monterey pine forest are preserved in the Huckleberry Hill Natural Habitat Area in Del Monte Forest, Pebble Beach, California
Laws, policies, and regulations
Monterey pines are identified in several local ordinances in Monterey County:
- City of Carmel by the Sea: City code emphasizes protection of Monterey pine forest and Monterey pine trees. Removal of a Monterey pine requires a permit. [6]
- City of Pacific Grove: City code states that Monterey pines >6-inches in diameter at 54-inches above ground are protected and require a permit for removal.[7]
- City of Monterey: City code does not list Monterey pines specifically, but the City Forester can require replacement of removed trees at 1:1 or 3:1 mitigation ratios. Conifers >30-feet-high or 12-inches diameter at 54-inches above grade are considered "landmark" trees. [8]
- Monterey County
Monterey pine forest is also recognized by State Agencies and Organizations
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW): Monterey pine forest is listed as a critically imperiled (S1) community by the California Natural Diversity Database.[9]
- California Native Plant Society: Monterey pines are categorized as a 1B.1 plant (rare, threatened, or endangered in California and elsewhere).[10]
- California Coastal Commission: Monterey pine forest is identified as sensitive habitat in seven Land Use Plans. Large, contiguous stands of Monterey pine that support special status species meet the definition of Environmentally Sensitive Habitat (ESHA) under the Coastal Act.[11]
Central Coast Context
- The three distinct U.S. populations of Monterey pines occur on the Central California Coast
- The Monterey Peninsula occurrence is the largest worldwide [12]
Stakeholders
Stakeholders include entities who have an interest in protecting this unique resource. Examples include:
Government agencies
- Local city governments
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife
- California Coastal Commission
- California State Parks
- Monterey County
Organizations
- California Native Plant Society
Private Sector
- Pebble Beach Company/Del Monte Forest
- Individual property owners
Related links
Conifers.org https://conifers.org/
References
- ↑ Matthews, M.A. 2006. An illustrated field key to the flowering plants of Monterey County: California Native Plant Society
- ↑ Bates, D.T., Dalessio, R., Nedeff, N. and Stevens, J. 2011. The Monterey pine forest, California's living legacy: Pine Nut Press.
- ↑ Elkhorn Slough Coastal Training Program. 2006. Pinus radiata fact sheet http://www.elkhornsloughctp.org/factsheet/factsheet.php?SPECIES_ID=35
- ↑ Elkhorn Slough Coastal Training Program. 2006. Pinus radiata fact sheet http://www.elkhornsloughctp.org/factsheet/factsheet.php?SPECIES_ID=35
- ↑ City of Pacific Grove, Monarch Butterfly Sanctuary [1]
- ↑ City of Carmel Tree Ordinance https://www.codepublishing.com/CA/CarmelbytheSea/html/Carmel17/Carmel1748.html
- ↑ City of Pacific Grove Tree Ordinance https://www.codepublishing.com/CA/PacificGrove/html/PacificGrove12/PacificGrove1220.html
- ↑ Monterey Tree Ordinance https://www.codepublishing.com/CA/Monterey/?Monterey37.html
- ↑ https://map.dfg.ca.gov/rarefind/view/RF_FieldDescriptions.htm
- ↑ http://www.rareplants.cnps.org/glossary.html
- ↑ Monterey County Local Coastal Program Major Amendment Number 1-05 (Measure A) https://documents.coastal.ca.gov/reports/2006/3/Th8b-3-2006.pdf
- ↑ Monterey County Local Coastal Program Major Amendment Number 1-05 (Measure A) https://documents.coastal.ca.gov/reports/2006/3/Th8b-3-2006.pdf
Disclaimer
This page may contain student work completed as part of assigned coursework. It may not be accurate. It does not necessary reflect the opinion or policy of CSUMB, its staff, or students.