Landslides and Debris Flows in the California Central Coast Region
Summary
Landslides are a characterized as the falling or movement of soil or rock down a slope and can manifest through mudflows, mudslides, debris flows, rock falls, rockslides, debris avalanches, debris slides, and slump-earth flows.[1] This movement occurs when the down-slope force exceeds the strength of the soil or other material holding the slope together.[2] Typically, landslides take time to initiate movement as the soil saturates and ultimately moves at a slow pace, but can cause significant damage to buildings and other infrastructure. [3] Debris flows, a type of landslide, occur suddenly with shorter and intense rainfall creating a slurry that moves at a rapid pace and often can result in loss of life making them more dangerous.[3]
In the United States, landslides are an extremely destructive hazard. Landslides in the country cause approximately $3.5 billion in damage, and kill between 25 and 50 people annually.[4] On a more local scale, landslides are one of the most costly geologic hazards in Monterey County, costing millions of dollars yearly in infrastructure.[5] Surrounding Monterey, many other regions are prone to landslides. Along the coast, between Point Lobos and Capoforo Creek, 1,500 landslides were mapped in 2001 which indicated slope-failure is common.[6]
Causes
Precipitation
Wildfire and Vegetation
Earthquakes
Development
Prediction and Mitigation
Major Events
References
- ↑ Monterey County Office of Emergency Services
- ↑ USGS Natural Hazards
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 California Department of Conservation
- ↑ USGS Landslide Types and Processes Fact Sheet
- ↑ Geoogic Resources and Constraints in Monterey County: A Technical Report
- ↑ CCoWS Physical and Hydrologic Assessment of the Carmel River Watershed